CWE-798
Allowed-with-ReviewUse of Hard-coded Credentials
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key.
2185 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3R7R-MRPQ-CX9G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:45 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:25The ZyXEL P660HN-T1A v1 TCLinux Fw $7.3.15.0 v001 / 3.40(ULM.0)b31 router distributed by TrueOnline has two user accounts with default passwords, including a hardcoded service account with the username true and password true. These accounts can be used to login to the web interface, exploit authenticated command injections and change router settings for malicious purposes.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-18374"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-05-02T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The ZyXEL P660HN-T1A v1 TCLinux Fw $7.3.15.0 v001 / 3.40(ULM.0)b31 router distributed by TrueOnline has two user accounts with default passwords, including a hardcoded service account with the username true and password true. These accounts can be used to login to the web interface, exploit authenticated command injections and change router settings for malicious purposes.",
"id": "GHSA-3r7r-mrpq-cx9g",
"modified": "2024-04-04T00:25:42Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:45:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-18374"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pedrib/PoC/master/advisories/zyxel_trueonline.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2017/Jan/40"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ssd-disclosure.com/index.php/archives/2910"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-mirai-variant-targets-enterprise-wireless-presentation-display-systems"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.zyxel.com/support/announcement_unauthenticated.shtml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3R8P-3X67-72V8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-05 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32Unitronics Vision Series PLCs and HMIs use default administrative passwords. An unauthenticated attacker with network access to a PLC or HMI can take administrative control of the system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-6448"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1188",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-05T18:15:12Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Unitronics Vision Series PLCs and HMIs use default administrative passwords. An unauthenticated attacker with network access to a PLC or HMI can take administrative control of the system.",
"id": "GHSA-3r8p-3x67-72v8",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:57Z",
"published": "2023-12-05T18:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6448"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://downloads.unitronicsplc.com/Sites/plc/Technical_Library/Unitronics-Cybersecurity-Advisory-2023-001-CVE-2023-6448.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://downloads.unitronicsplc.com/Sites/plc/Visilogic/Version_Changes-Bug_Reports/VisiLogic%209.9.00%20Version%20changes.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-6448"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/alerts/2023/11/28/exploitation-unitronics-plcs-used-water-and-wastewater-systems"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unitronicsplc.com/cyber_security_vision-samba"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3V7C-XW2C-76J5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-05 06:30 – Updated: 2024-08-30 18:30ZWX-2000CSW2-HN firmware versions prior to Ver.0.3.15 uses hard-coded credentials, which may allow a network-adjacent attacker with an administrative privilege to alter the configuration of the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-39838"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-05T05:15:39Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "ZWX-2000CSW2-HN firmware versions prior to Ver.0.3.15 uses hard-coded credentials, which may allow a network-adjacent attacker with an administrative privilege to alter the configuration of the device.",
"id": "GHSA-3v7c-xw2c-76j5",
"modified": "2024-08-30T18:30:37Z",
"published": "2024-08-05T06:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39838"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN70666401"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zexelon.co.jp/pdf/jvn70666401.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3V9W-QP9V-WQ29
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-04 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-11 00:00This vulnerability allows remote attackers to bypass authentication on affected installations of Vinchin Backup and Recovery 6.5.0.17561. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the configuration of the MySQL server. The server uses a hard-coded password for the administrator user. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to bypass authentication on the system. Was ZDI-CAN-17139.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-35866"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-03T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows remote attackers to bypass authentication on affected installations of Vinchin Backup and Recovery 6.5.0.17561. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the configuration of the MySQL server. The server uses a hard-coded password for the administrator user. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to bypass authentication on the system. Was ZDI-CAN-17139.",
"id": "GHSA-3v9w-qp9v-wq29",
"modified": "2022-08-11T00:00:37Z",
"published": "2022-08-04T00:00:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35866"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-959"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176794/Vinchin-Backup-And-Recovery-7.2-Default-MySQL-Credentials.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jan/30"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3VQF-M3Q8-GRF7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:36The Web Administrative Interface in Mobile Viewpoint Wireless Multiplex Terminal (WMT) Playout Server 20.2.8 and earlier has a default account with a password of "pokon."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-35338"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-14T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Web Administrative Interface in Mobile Viewpoint Wireless Multiplex Terminal (WMT) Playout Server 20.2.8 and earlier has a default account with a password of \"pokon.\"",
"id": "GHSA-3vqf-m3q8-grf7",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:36:20Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:36:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-35338"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jeyaseelans.medium.com/cve-2020-35338-9e841f48defa"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mobileviewpoint.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-3VV5-PRRW-675Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:42 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:42COMPAREX Miss Marple Enterprise Edition before 2.0 allows local users to execute arbitrary code by reading the user name and encrypted password hard-coded in an Inventory Agent configuration file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-19233"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-12-20T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "COMPAREX Miss Marple Enterprise Edition before 2.0 allows local users to execute arbitrary code by reading the user name and encrypted password hard-coded in an Inventory Agent configuration file.",
"id": "GHSA-3vv5-prrw-675q",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:42:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:42:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-19233"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2018/Nov/37"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sec-consult.com/en/blog/advisories/multiple-critical-vulnerabilities-in-miss-marple-enterprise-edition"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/150427/Miss-Marple-Enterprise-Edition-File-Upload-Hardcoded-AES-Key.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2018/Nov/55"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3W5R-GMMJ-PRC2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:08 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:31An issue was discovered in EyesOfNetwork 5.3. The installation uses the same API key (hardcoded as EONAPI_KEY in include/api_functions.php for API version 2.4.2) by default for all installations, hence allowing an attacker to calculate/guess the admin access token.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-8657"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-02-06T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in EyesOfNetwork 5.3. The installation uses the same API key (hardcoded as EONAPI_KEY in include/api_functions.php for API version 2.4.2) by default for all installations, hence allowing an attacker to calculate/guess the admin access token.",
"id": "GHSA-3w5r-gmmj-prc2",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:31:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:08:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-8657"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/EyesOfNetworkCommunity/eonapi/issues/17"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2020-8657"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/156605/EyesOfNetwork-AutoDiscovery-Target-Command-Execution.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3W88-GMX5-RX4V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-26 00:03 – Updated: 2022-09-03 00:00Nortek Linear eMerge E3-Series devices through 0.32-09c place admin credentials in /test.txt that allow an attacker to open a building's doors. (This occurs in situations where the CVE-2019-7271 default credentials have been changed.)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-31269"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-25T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Nortek Linear eMerge E3-Series devices through 0.32-09c place admin credentials in /test.txt that allow an attacker to open a building\u0027s doors. (This occurs in situations where the CVE-2019-7271 default credentials have been changed.)",
"id": "GHSA-3w88-gmx5-rx4v",
"modified": "2022-09-03T00:00:17Z",
"published": "2022-08-26T00:03:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31269"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://eg.linkedin.com/in/omar-1-hashem"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/omarhashem123/71ec9223e90ea76a76096d777d9b945c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nortekcontrol.com/access-control"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167990/Nortek-Linear-eMerge-E3-Series-Credential-Disclosure.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3WR6-M7V6-4X3G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-01 00:00 – Updated: 2026-07-05 00:31PrinterLogic Web Stack versions 19.1.1.13 SP9 and below use a hardcoded APP_KEY value, leading to pre-auth remote code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-42635"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-31T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PrinterLogic Web Stack versions 19.1.1.13 SP9 and below use a hardcoded APP_KEY value, leading to pre-auth remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-3wr6-m7v6-4x3g",
"modified": "2026-07-05T00:31:24Z",
"published": "2022-02-01T00:00:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42635"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portswigger.net/daily-swig/printerlogic-vendor-addresses-triple-rce-threat-against-all-connected-endpoints"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/127194/security/printerlogic-printer-management-suite-flaws.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://thecyberthrone.in/2022/01/26/printerlogic-%F0%9F%96%A8-fixes-critical-vulnerabilities-in-its-suite/?utm_source=rss\u0026utm_medium=rss\u0026utm_campaign=printerlogic-%25f0%259f%2596%25a8-fixes-critical-vulnerabilities-in-its-suite"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.printerlogic.com/security-bulletin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.securityweek.com/printerlogic-patches-code-execution-flaws-printer-management-suite"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.yahooinc.com/paranoids/paranoids-vulnerability-research-printerlogic-issues-security-alert"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://printerlogic.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3WXJ-WJ2J-9JPG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-12 18:30 – Updated: 2024-01-22 21:31The secret value used for access to critical UDS services of the MIB3 infotainment is hardcoded in the firmware.
Vulnerability discovered on Škoda Superb III (3V3) - 2.0 TDI manufactured in 2022.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-28897"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-12T16:15:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The secret value used for access to critical UDS services of the MIB3 infotainment is hardcoded in the firmware.\n\nVulnerability discovered on \u0160koda Superb III (3V3) - 2.0 TDI manufactured in 2022.\n",
"id": "GHSA-3wxj-wj2j-9jpg",
"modified": "2024-01-22T21:31:05Z",
"published": "2024-01-12T18:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28897"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://asrg.io/security-advisories/cve-2023-28897"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as possible [REF-7].
- In Windows environments, the Encrypted File System (EFS) may provide some protection.
Mitigation
For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Mitigation
If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Mitigation
- For inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash.
- Use randomly assigned salts for each separate hash that is generated. This increases the amount of computation that an attacker needs to conduct a brute-force attack, possibly limiting the effectiveness of the rainbow table method.
Mitigation
- For front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete.
- The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals.
- Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at the back end to only performing actions valid for the front end, as opposed to having full access.
- Finally, the messages sent should be tagged and checksummed with time sensitive values so as to prevent replay-style attacks.
CAPEC-191: Read Sensitive Constants Within an Executable
An adversary engages in activities to discover any sensitive constants present within the compiled code of an executable. These constants may include literal ASCII strings within the file itself, or possibly strings hard-coded into particular routines that can be revealed by code refactoring methods including static and dynamic analysis.
CAPEC-70: Try Common or Default Usernames and Passwords
An adversary may try certain common or default usernames and passwords to gain access into the system and perform unauthorized actions. An adversary may try an intelligent brute force using empty passwords, known vendor default credentials, as well as a dictionary of common usernames and passwords. Many vendor products come preconfigured with default (and thus well-known) usernames and passwords that should be deleted prior to usage in a production environment. It is a common mistake to forget to remove these default login credentials. Another problem is that users would pick very simple (common) passwords (e.g. "secret" or "password") that make it easier for the attacker to gain access to the system compared to using a brute force attack or even a dictionary attack using a full dictionary.