CWE-80
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS)
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete
The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special characters such as "<", ">", and "&" that could be interpreted as web-scripting elements when they are sent to a downstream component that processes web pages.
978 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2MG7-W9R8-29MW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-07 21:32 – Updated: 2026-04-16 00:54Improper neutralization of Script-Related HTML tags in a web page (basic XSS) vulnerability in Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki - Cargo Extension allows Stored XSS.This issue affects Mediawiki - Cargo Extension: before 3.8.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-39841"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79",
"CWE-80"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-07T20:16:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper neutralization of Script-Related HTML tags in a web page (basic XSS) vulnerability in Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki - Cargo Extension allows Stored XSS.This issue affects Mediawiki - Cargo Extension: before 3.8.7.",
"id": "GHSA-2mg7-w9r8-29mw",
"modified": "2026-04-16T00:54:04Z",
"published": "2026-04-07T21:32:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-39841"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/Cargo/+/1237973"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416389"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2MHQ-48GX-32RG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-26 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in 8theme XStore allows Code Injection. This issue affects XStore: from n/a through 9.5.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60100"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-80"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-26T09:15:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in 8theme XStore allows Code Injection. This issue affects XStore: from n/a through 9.5.3.",
"id": "GHSA-2mhq-48gx-32rg",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:21Z",
"published": "2025-09-26T09:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60100"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/theme/xstore/vulnerability/wordpress-xstore-theme-9-5-3-content-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2P4R-XJWX-3WHG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-04 12:31 – Updated: 2024-06-04 12:31Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in Tips and Tricks HQ Stripe Payments allows Code Injection.This issue affects Stripe Payments: from n/a through 2.0.79.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-48285"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-80"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-04T11:15:48Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in Tips and Tricks HQ Stripe Payments allows Code Injection.This issue affects Stripe Payments: from n/a through 2.0.79.",
"id": "GHSA-2p4r-xjwx-3whg",
"modified": "2024-06-04T12:31:04Z",
"published": "2024-06-04T12:31:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48285"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/stripe-payments/wordpress-accept-stripe-payments-plugin-2-0-79-content-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2P9H-RQJW-GM92
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-25 22:28 – Updated: 2026-02-27 21:52Impact
An authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could inject arbitrary scripts into pages rendered by the n8n application using different techniques on various nodes (Form Trigger node, Chat Trigger node, Send & Wait node, Webhook Node, and Chat Node). Scripts injected by a malicious workflow execute in the browser of any user who visits the affected page, enabling session hijacking and account takeover.
Patches
The issues have been fixed in n8n versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate the vulnerability.
Workarounds
If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:
- Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only.
- Disable the Webhook node by adding n8n-nodes-base.webhook to the NODES_EXCLUDE environment variable.
These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.
Credit
Reporters: - @ori-ron - @Aikido-Security - @nil340 - Pawel Bednarz from the NATO Cyber Security Centre (NCSC)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "n8n"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.123.22"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "n8n"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.9.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "n8n"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.10.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.10.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-27578"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79",
"CWE-80"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-25T22:28:57Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-25T23:16:21Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Impact\nAn authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could inject arbitrary scripts into pages rendered by the n8n application using different techniques on various nodes (Form Trigger node, Chat Trigger node, Send \u0026 Wait node, Webhook Node, and Chat Node). Scripts injected by a malicious workflow execute in the browser of any user who visits the affected page, enabling session hijacking and account takeover.\n\n## Patches\nThe issues have been fixed in n8n versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate the vulnerability.\n\n## Workarounds\nIf upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:\n- Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only.\n- Disable the Webhook node by adding `n8n-nodes-base.webhook` to the `NODES_EXCLUDE` environment variable.\n\nThese workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.\n\n## Credit\nReporters:\n- @ori-ron\n- @Aikido-Security\n- @nil340\n- Pawel Bednarz from the NATO Cyber Security Centre (NCSC)",
"id": "GHSA-2p9h-rqjw-gm92",
"modified": "2026-02-27T21:52:06Z",
"published": "2026-02-25T22:28:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-2p9h-rqjw-gm92"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27578"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/062644ef786b6af480afe4a0f12bc6d70040534a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/1479aab2d32fe0ee087f82b9038b1035c98be2f6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/9e5212ecbc5d2d4e6f340b636a5e84be6369882e"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "n8n Vulnerable to Stored XSS via Various Nodes"
}
GHSA-2PHH-VPWQ-X849
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-28 21:32 – Updated: 2026-05-28 21:32A reflected cross-site scripting issue exists in URL handling.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9646"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-80"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-28T21:16:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A reflected cross-site scripting issue exists in URL handling.",
"id": "GHSA-2phh-vpwq-x849",
"modified": "2026-05-28T21:32:07Z",
"published": "2026-05-28T21:32:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9646"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tra-2026-46"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2PM2-CPJX-462G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-14 15:34 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:33Webedition CMS 9.2.2.0 has a Stored XSS vulnerability via /webEdition/we_cmd.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-28417"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-80"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-14T13:15:53Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Webedition CMS 9.2.2.0 has a Stored XSS vulnerability via /webEdition/we_cmd.php.",
"id": "GHSA-2pm2-cpjx-462g",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:33:45Z",
"published": "2024-03-14T15:34:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28417"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/shavchen214/pwn/issues/I94VFH"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2PQQ-4JJP-FMR3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-03 03:30 – Updated: 2025-05-03 03:30The Subpage List plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the plugin's 'subpages' shortcode in all versions up to, and including, 1.3.3 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping on user supplied attributes. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-4168"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-80"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-03T03:15:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Subpage List plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the plugin\u0027s \u0027subpages\u0027 shortcode in all versions up to, and including, 1.3.3 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping on user supplied attributes. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.",
"id": "GHSA-2pqq-4jjp-fmr3",
"modified": "2025-05-03T03:30:28Z",
"published": "2025-05-03T03:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4168"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/subpage-view/trunk/inc/class-subpage-list-shortcode.php#L25"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/aca48ddf-4256-4a55-bff5-1718110147dd?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2PV7-J3WP-JHRP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-27 15:31 – Updated: 2025-03-27 15:31IBM UrbanCode Deploy (UCD) 7.0 through 7.0.5.25, 7.1 through 7.1.2.21, 7.2 through 7.2.3.14, and 7.3 through 7.3.2.0 / IBM DevOps Deploy 8.0 through 8.0.1.4 and 8.1 through 8.1 could allow unauthorized access to other services or potential exposure of sensitive data due to missing authentication in its Agent Relay service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1997"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-80"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-27T15:15:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM UrbanCode Deploy (UCD) 7.0 through 7.0.5.25, 7.1 through 7.1.2.21, 7.2 through 7.2.3.14, and 7.3 through 7.3.2.0 / IBM DevOps Deploy 8.0 through 8.0.1.4 and 8.1 through 8.1 could allow unauthorized access to other services or potential exposure of sensitive data due to missing authentication in its Agent Relay service.",
"id": "GHSA-2pv7-j3wp-jhrp",
"modified": "2025-03-27T15:31:10Z",
"published": "2025-03-27T15:31:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1997"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7229035"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2QH7-289H-FHW7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-22 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:31Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in AmentoTech Doctreat doctreat allows Code Injection.This issue affects Doctreat: from n/a through <= 1.6.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-58970"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-80"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-22T15:15:53Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in AmentoTech Doctreat doctreat allows Code Injection.This issue affects Doctreat: from n/a through \u003c= 1.6.7.",
"id": "GHSA-2qh7-289h-fhw7",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:31:28Z",
"published": "2025-10-22T15:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58970"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/doctreat/vulnerability/wordpress-doctreat-theme-1-6-7-content-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/doctreat/vulnerability/wordpress-doctreat-theme-1-6-7-content-injection-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/doctreat/vulnerability/wordpress-doctreat-theme-1-6-7-content-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RC5-2755-V422
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-11 21:36 – Updated: 2024-09-30 13:44Impact
Prior to the patched version, there is an XSS vulnerability in the description fields within the Mautic application which could be exploited by a logged in user of Mautic with the appropriate permissions.
This could lead to the user having elevated access to the system.
Patches
Update to 4.4.12
Workarounds
None
References
- https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/2017/A7_2017-Cross-Site_Scripting_(XSS)
- https://owasp.org/www-project-web-security-testing-guide/latest/4-Web_Application_Security_Testing/07-Input_Validation_Testing/02-Testing_for_Stored_Cross_Site_Scripting
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
Email us at security@mautic.org
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "mautic/core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.0.0-beta2"
},
{
"fixed": "4.4.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-27915"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79",
"CWE-80"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-11T21:36:29Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-17T14:15:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nPrior to the patched version, there is an XSS vulnerability in the description fields within the Mautic application which could be exploited by a logged in user of Mautic with the appropriate permissions.\n\nThis could lead to the user having elevated access to the system.\n\n### Patches\nUpdate to 4.4.12\n\n### Workarounds\nNone\n\n### References\n- https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/2017/A7_2017-Cross-Site_Scripting_(XSS)\n- https://owasp.org/www-project-web-security-testing-guide/latest/4-Web_Application_Security_Testing/07-Input_Validation_Testing/02-Testing_for_Stored_Cross_Site_Scripting\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\nEmail us at [security@mautic.org](mailto:security@mautic.org)",
"id": "GHSA-2rc5-2755-v422",
"modified": "2024-09-30T13:44:34Z",
"published": "2024-04-11T21:36:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mautic/mautic/security/advisories/GHSA-2rc5-2755-v422"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27915"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mautic/mautic/commit/2d648394e183b1d2d910cea32e89d40a5915b5d4"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mautic/mautic"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Mautic vulnerable to stored cross-site scripting in description field"
}
Mitigation
Carefully check each input parameter against a rigorous positive specification (allowlist) defining the specific characters and format allowed. All input should be neutralized, not just parameters that the user is supposed to specify, but all data in the request, including hidden fields, cookies, headers, the URL itself, and so forth. A common mistake that leads to continuing XSS vulnerabilities is to validate only fields that are expected to be redisplayed by the site. We often encounter data from the request that is reflected by the application server or the application that the development team did not anticipate. Also, a field that is not currently reflected may be used by a future developer. Therefore, validating ALL parts of the HTTP request is recommended.
Mitigation MIT-30.1
Strategy: Output Encoding
- Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.
- The problem of inconsistent output encodings often arises in web pages. If an encoding is not specified in an HTTP header, web browsers often guess about which encoding is being used. This can open up the browser to subtle XSS attacks.
Mitigation MIT-43
With Struts, write all data from form beans with the bean's filter attribute set to true.
Mitigation MIT-31
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
To help mitigate XSS attacks against the user's session cookie, set the session cookie to be HttpOnly. In browsers that support the HttpOnly feature (such as more recent versions of Internet Explorer and Firefox), this attribute can prevent the user's session cookie from being accessible to malicious client-side scripts that use document.cookie. This is not a complete solution, since HttpOnly is not supported by all browsers. More importantly, XmlHttpRequest and other powerful browser technologies provide read access to HTTP headers, including the Set-Cookie header in which the HttpOnly flag is set.
CAPEC-18: XSS Targeting Non-Script Elements
This attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where malicious scripts are embedded in elements that are not expected to host scripts such as image tags (<img>), comments in XML documents (< !-CDATA->), etc. These tags may not be subject to the same input validation, output validation, and other content filtering and checking routines, so this can create an opportunity for an adversary to tunnel through the application's elements and launch a XSS attack through other elements. As with all remote attacks, it is important to differentiate the ability to launch an attack (such as probing an internal network for unpatched servers) and the ability of the remote adversary to collect and interpret the output of said attack.
CAPEC-193: PHP Remote File Inclusion
In this pattern the adversary is able to load and execute arbitrary code remotely available from the application. This is usually accomplished through an insecurely configured PHP runtime environment and an improperly sanitized "include" or "require" call, which the user can then control to point to any web-accessible file. This allows adversaries to hijack the targeted application and force it to execute their own instructions.
CAPEC-32: XSS Through HTTP Query Strings
An adversary embeds malicious script code in the parameters of an HTTP query string and convinces a victim to submit the HTTP request that contains the query string to a vulnerable web application. The web application then procedes to use the values parameters without properly validation them first and generates the HTML code that will be executed by the victim's browser.
CAPEC-86: XSS Through HTTP Headers
An adversary exploits web applications that generate web content, such as links in a HTML page, based on unvalidated or improperly validated data submitted by other actors. XSS in HTTP Headers attacks target the HTTP headers which are hidden from most users and may not be validated by web applications.