CWE-80
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS)
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete
The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special characters such as "<", ">", and "&" that could be interpreted as web-scripting elements when they are sent to a downstream component that processes web pages.
936 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-FH3C-GM34-6MJ5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-28 18:31 – Updated: 2025-07-28 18:31IBM Informix Dynamic Server 12.10 and 14.10 is vulnerable to HTML injection. A remote attacker could inject malicious HTML code, which when viewed, would be executed in the victim's Web browser within the security context of the hosting site.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-49343"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-80"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-28T16:15:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Informix Dynamic Server 12.10 and 14.10 is vulnerable to HTML injection. A remote attacker could inject malicious HTML code, which when viewed, would be executed in the victim\u0027s Web browser within the security context of the hosting site.",
"id": "GHSA-fh3c-gm34-6mj5",
"modified": "2025-07-28T18:31:25Z",
"published": "2025-07-28T18:31:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49343"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7240777"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FHCX-F7JG-JX3F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-12 13:52 – Updated: 2024-09-18 16:56Impact
Prior to the patched version, logged in users of Mautic are vulnerable to a self XSS vulnerability in the notifications within Mautic.
Users could inject malicious code into the notification when saving Dashboards.
Patches
Update to Mautic 4.4.12.
Workarounds
None
References
- https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/2017/A7_2017-Cross-Site_Scripting_(XSS)
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
Email us at security@mautic.org
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "mautic/core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.4.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25774"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79",
"CWE-80"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-12T13:52:54Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-18T15:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nPrior to the patched version, logged in users of Mautic are vulnerable to a self XSS vulnerability in the notifications within Mautic.\n\nUsers could inject malicious code into the notification when saving Dashboards.\n\n### Patches\nUpdate to Mautic 4.4.12. \n\n### Workarounds\nNone\n\n### References\n- https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/2017/A7_2017-Cross-Site_Scripting_(XSS)\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\nEmail us at [security@mautic.org](mailto:security@mautic.org)",
"id": "GHSA-fhcx-f7jg-jx3f",
"modified": "2024-09-18T16:56:44Z",
"published": "2024-04-12T13:52:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mautic/mautic/security/advisories/GHSA-fhcx-f7jg-jx3f"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25774"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mautic/mautic/commit/e6d58de241b8c34126042dcb314d60eb5fc7b151"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mautic/mautic"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Mautic vulnerable to cross-site scripting in notifications via saving Dashboards"
}
GHSA-FJ69-F9QP-JH4F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-06 18:31 – Updated: 2025-01-06 18:31IBM UrbanCode Deploy (UCD) 7.2 through 7.2.3.13, 7.3 through 7.3.2.8, and IBM DevOps Deploy 8.0 through 8.0.1.3 are vulnerable to HTML injection. This vulnerability may allow a user to embed arbitrary HTML tags in the Web UI potentially leading to sensitive information disclosure.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-51472"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79",
"CWE-80"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-06T17:15:38Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "IBM UrbanCode Deploy (UCD) 7.2 through 7.2.3.13, 7.3 through 7.3.2.8, and IBM DevOps Deploy 8.0 through 8.0.1.3 are vulnerable to HTML injection. This vulnerability may allow a user to embed arbitrary HTML tags in the Web UI potentially leading to sensitive information disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-fj69-f9qp-jh4f",
"modified": "2025-01-06T18:31:03Z",
"published": "2025-01-06T18:31:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-51472"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7177856"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FJ97-2V9X-W5M4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-14 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-05 20:39A stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in Apache Superset's chart visualization. An authenticated user with permissions to edit charts can inject a malicious payload into a column's label. The payload is not properly sanitized and gets executed in the victim's browser when they hover over the chart, potentially leading to session hijacking or the execution of arbitrary commands on behalf of the user.
This issue affects Apache Superset: before 5.0.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 5.0.0, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "apache-superset"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-55672"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-80"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-08-14T17:31:23Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-14T14:15:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in Apache Superset\u0027s chart visualization. An authenticated user with permissions to edit charts can inject a malicious payload into a column\u0027s label. The payload is not properly sanitized and gets executed in the victim\u0027s browser when they hover over the chart, potentially leading to session hijacking or the execution of arbitrary commands on behalf of the user.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Superset: before 5.0.0.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 5.0.0, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-fj97-2v9x-w5m4",
"modified": "2025-11-05T20:39:11Z",
"published": "2025-08-14T15:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55672"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/superset"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/rvh7fdjfzxzjhcfwoz7twc2brhvochdj"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/08/14/4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Superset\u0027s chart visualization has a stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability"
}
GHSA-FJG2-H4XX-5W8C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-15 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-15 18:31A vulnerability in the Desktop Agent functionality of Cisco Webex Contact Center could have allowed an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct cross-site scripting attacks. Cisco has addressed this vulnerability in the Cisco Webex Contact Center service, and no customer action is needed.
This vulnerability existed because HTML and script content was not properly handled. Prior to this vulnerability being addressed, an attacker could have exploited this vulnerability by persuading a user to follow a malicious link. A successful exploit could have allowed the attacker to steal sensitive information from the browser, including authentication and session information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20170"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-80"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-15T17:17:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the Desktop Agent functionality of Cisco Webex Contact Center could have allowed an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct cross-site scripting attacks. Cisco has addressed this vulnerability in the Cisco Webex Contact Center service, and no customer action is needed.\n\n This vulnerability existed because HTML and script content was not properly handled. Prior to this vulnerability being addressed, an attacker could have exploited this vulnerability by persuading a user to follow a malicious link. A successful exploit could have allowed the attacker to steal sensitive information from the browser, including authentication and session information.",
"id": "GHSA-fjg2-h4xx-5w8c",
"modified": "2026-04-15T18:31:58Z",
"published": "2026-04-15T18:31:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20170"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-webexcc-xss-WEX5nUnA"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FM88-HC3V-3WWW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-23 20:46 – Updated: 2025-09-15 20:07Impact
An unsanitized payload sent by an Integration platform integration allows the storage of arbitrary HTML tags on the Sentry side. This payload could subsequently be rendered on the Issues page, creating a Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability. This vulnerability might lead to the execution of arbitrary scripts in the context of a user’s browser.
Self-hosted Sentry users may be impacted if untrustworthy Integration platform integrations send external issues to their Sentry instance.
Patches
The patch has been released in Sentry 24.7.1
Workarounds
For Sentry SaaS customers, no action is needed. This has been patched on July 22, and even prior to the fix, the exploitation was not possible due to the strict Content Security Policy deployed on sentry.io site.
For self-hosted users, we strongly recommend upgrading Sentry to the latest version. If it is not possible, you could enable CSP on your self-hosted installation with CSP_REPORT_ONLY = False (enforcing mode). This will mitigate the risk of XSS.
References
- Sentry Docs: Integration platform / Create an External Issue
- Sentry Docs: Self-hosted CSP
- The fix: https://github.com/getsentry/sentry/pull/74648
- PortSwigger: Stored XSS
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "sentry"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "24.7.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-41656"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79",
"CWE-80"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-07-23T20:46:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-23T22:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nAn unsanitized payload sent by an Integration platform integration allows the storage of arbitrary HTML tags on the Sentry side. This payload could subsequently be rendered on the Issues page, creating a Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability. This vulnerability might lead to the execution of arbitrary scripts in the context of a user\u2019s browser.\n\nSelf-hosted Sentry users may be impacted if untrustworthy Integration platform integrations send external issues to their Sentry instance.\n\n### Patches\nThe patch has been released in [Sentry 24.7.1](https://github.com/getsentry/self-hosted/releases/tag/24.7.1)\n\n### Workarounds\nFor Sentry SaaS customers, no action is needed. This has been patched on July 22, and even prior to the fix, the exploitation was not possible due to the strict Content Security Policy deployed on sentry.io site.\n\nFor self-hosted users, we strongly recommend upgrading Sentry to the latest version. If it is not possible, you could [enable CSP on your self-hosted installation](https://develop.sentry.dev/self-hosted/csp/) with `CSP_REPORT_ONLY = False` (enforcing mode). This will mitigate the risk of XSS.\n\n### References\n* Sentry Docs: [Integration platform / Create an External Issue](https://docs.sentry.io/api/integration/create-an-external-issue/)\n* Sentry Docs: [Self-hosted CSP](https://develop.sentry.dev/self-hosted/csp/)\n* The fix: https://github.com/getsentry/sentry/pull/74648\n* PortSwigger: [Stored XSS](https://portswigger.net/web-security/cross-site-scripting/stored)",
"id": "GHSA-fm88-hc3v-3www",
"modified": "2025-09-15T20:07:06Z",
"published": "2024-07-23T20:46:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/getsentry/sentry/security/advisories/GHSA-fm88-hc3v-3www"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-41656"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/getsentry/sentry/pull/74648"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/getsentry/sentry/commit/5c679521f1539eabfb81287bfc30f34dbecd373e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/getsentry/self-hosted/releases/tag/24.7.1"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/getsentry/sentry"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Sentry vulnerable to stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)"
}
GHSA-FMGQ-3XHH-HJGC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-16 09:31 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:32Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in colabrio Norebro Extra norebro-extra allows Code Injection.This issue affects Norebro Extra: from n/a through <= 1.6.8.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-64633"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-80"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-16T09:15:55Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in colabrio Norebro Extra norebro-extra allows Code Injection.This issue affects Norebro Extra: from n/a through \u003c= 1.6.8.",
"id": "GHSA-fmgq-3xhh-hjgc",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:14Z",
"published": "2025-12-16T09:31:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64633"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/norebro-extra/vulnerability/wordpress-norebro-extra-plugin-1-6-8-content-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/norebro-extra/vulnerability/wordpress-norebro-extra-plugin-1-6-8-content-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FP8C-WPGG-MGPC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-10 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-17 00:01** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** A vulnerability was found in WolfCMS up to 0.8.3.1. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /wolfcms/?/admin/user/add of the component User Add. The manipulation of the argument name leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-25070"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79",
"CWE-80"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-09T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** A vulnerability was found in WolfCMS up to 0.8.3.1. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /wolfcms/?/admin/user/add of the component User Add. The manipulation of the argument name leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-fp8c-wpgg-mgpc",
"modified": "2022-06-17T00:01:27Z",
"published": "2022-06-10T00:00:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-25070"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wolfcms/wolfcms/issues/683"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.135125"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.135125"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FPQC-HWR4-7R5Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-12 03:31 – Updated: 2025-08-12 03:31The Mosaic Generator plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the ‘c’ parameter in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.5 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-8621"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-80"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-12T03:15:29Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Mosaic Generator plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the \u2018c\u2019 parameter in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.5 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.",
"id": "GHSA-fpqc-hwr4-7r5q",
"modified": "2025-08-12T03:31:52Z",
"published": "2025-08-12T03:31:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8621"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/mosaic-generator/#developers"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/91c87d34-ef9a-42f4-b11a-7c5a5c842550?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FR62-MG2Q-7WQV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-04 17:23 – Updated: 2025-03-11 17:16Impact
The Pinecone Simulator (pineconesim) included in Pinecone up to commit https://github.com/matrix-org/pinecone/commit/ea4c33717fd74ef7d6f49490625a0fa10e3f5bbc is vulnerable to stored cross-site scripting. The payload storage is not permanent and will be wiped when restarting pineconsim.
Patches
Commit https://github.com/matrix-org/pinecone/commit/218b2801995b174085cb1c8fafe2d3aa661f85bd contains the fixes.
Workarounds
N/A
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at security at matrix.org.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/matrix-org/pinecone"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-27155"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79",
"CWE-80"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-04T17:23:15Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-04T17:15:18Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThe Pinecone Simulator (pineconesim) included in Pinecone up to commit https://github.com/matrix-org/pinecone/commit/ea4c33717fd74ef7d6f49490625a0fa10e3f5bbc is vulnerable to stored cross-site scripting. The payload storage is not permanent and will be wiped when restarting pineconsim.\n\n### Patches\nCommit https://github.com/matrix-org/pinecone/commit/218b2801995b174085cb1c8fafe2d3aa661f85bd contains the fixes.\n\n### Workarounds\nN/A\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at [security at matrix.org](mailto:security@matrix.org).",
"id": "GHSA-fr62-mg2q-7wqv",
"modified": "2025-03-11T17:16:40Z",
"published": "2025-03-04T17:23:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/pinecone/security/advisories/GHSA-fr62-mg2q-7wqv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27155"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/pinecone/commit/218b2801995b174085cb1c8fafe2d3aa661f85bd"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/pinecone"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-3500"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "In-memory stored Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in pineconesim"
}
Mitigation
Carefully check each input parameter against a rigorous positive specification (allowlist) defining the specific characters and format allowed. All input should be neutralized, not just parameters that the user is supposed to specify, but all data in the request, including hidden fields, cookies, headers, the URL itself, and so forth. A common mistake that leads to continuing XSS vulnerabilities is to validate only fields that are expected to be redisplayed by the site. We often encounter data from the request that is reflected by the application server or the application that the development team did not anticipate. Also, a field that is not currently reflected may be used by a future developer. Therefore, validating ALL parts of the HTTP request is recommended.
Mitigation MIT-30.1
Strategy: Output Encoding
- Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.
- The problem of inconsistent output encodings often arises in web pages. If an encoding is not specified in an HTTP header, web browsers often guess about which encoding is being used. This can open up the browser to subtle XSS attacks.
Mitigation MIT-43
With Struts, write all data from form beans with the bean's filter attribute set to true.
Mitigation MIT-31
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
To help mitigate XSS attacks against the user's session cookie, set the session cookie to be HttpOnly. In browsers that support the HttpOnly feature (such as more recent versions of Internet Explorer and Firefox), this attribute can prevent the user's session cookie from being accessible to malicious client-side scripts that use document.cookie. This is not a complete solution, since HttpOnly is not supported by all browsers. More importantly, XmlHttpRequest and other powerful browser technologies provide read access to HTTP headers, including the Set-Cookie header in which the HttpOnly flag is set.
CAPEC-18: XSS Targeting Non-Script Elements
This attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where malicious scripts are embedded in elements that are not expected to host scripts such as image tags (<img>), comments in XML documents (< !-CDATA->), etc. These tags may not be subject to the same input validation, output validation, and other content filtering and checking routines, so this can create an opportunity for an adversary to tunnel through the application's elements and launch a XSS attack through other elements. As with all remote attacks, it is important to differentiate the ability to launch an attack (such as probing an internal network for unpatched servers) and the ability of the remote adversary to collect and interpret the output of said attack.
CAPEC-193: PHP Remote File Inclusion
In this pattern the adversary is able to load and execute arbitrary code remotely available from the application. This is usually accomplished through an insecurely configured PHP runtime environment and an improperly sanitized "include" or "require" call, which the user can then control to point to any web-accessible file. This allows adversaries to hijack the targeted application and force it to execute their own instructions.
CAPEC-32: XSS Through HTTP Query Strings
An adversary embeds malicious script code in the parameters of an HTTP query string and convinces a victim to submit the HTTP request that contains the query string to a vulnerable web application. The web application then procedes to use the values parameters without properly validation them first and generates the HTML code that will be executed by the victim's browser.
CAPEC-86: XSS Through HTTP Headers
An adversary exploits web applications that generate web content, such as links in a HTML page, based on unvalidated or improperly validated data submitted by other actors. XSS in HTTP Headers attacks target the HTTP headers which are hidden from most users and may not be validated by web applications.