CWE-117

Improper Output Neutralization for Logs

The product constructs a log message from external input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements when the message is written to a log file.

CVE-2024-49355 (GCVE-0-2024-49355)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-20 03:40 – Updated: 2025-08-15 14:50

Title

IBM OpenPages log manipulation

Summary

IBM OpenPages with Watson 8.3 and 9.0 may write improperly neutralized data to server log files when the tracing is enabled per the System Tracing feature.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-117 - Improper Output Neutralization for Logs

Assigner

ibm

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7183541	vendor-advisorypatch

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
IBM	OpenPages with Watson	Affected: 8.3 Affected: 9.0 cpe:2.3:a:ibm:openpages_with_watson:8.3:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:openpages_with_watson:9.0:::::::*

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CVE-2024-52891 (GCVE-0-2024-52891)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-07 11:58 – Updated: 2025-01-07 14:47

Title

IBM Concert Software log manipulation

Summary

IBM Concert Software 1.0.0, 1.0.1, 1.0.2, 1.0.2.1, and 1.0.3 could allow an authenticated user to inject malicious information or obtain information from log files due to improper log neutralization.

Severity

5.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-117 - Improper Output Neutralization for Logs

Assigner

ibm

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7180303

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
IBM	Concert Software	Affected: 1.0.0, 1.0.1, 1.0.2, 1.0.2.1, 1.0.3 cpe:2.3:a:ibm:concert:1.0.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:concert:1.0.1:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:concert:1.0.2:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:concert:1.0.2.1:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:concert:1.0.3:::::::*

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CVE-2024-52962 (GCVE-0-2024-52962)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-08 14:03 – Updated: 2025-04-08 14:27

Summary

An Improper Output Neutralization for Logs vulnerability [CWE-117] in FortiAnalyzer version 7.6.1 and below, version 7.4.5 and below, version 7.2.8 and below, version 7.0.13 and below and FortiManager version 7.6.1 and below, version 7.4.5 and below, version 7.2.8 and below, version 7.0.12 and below may allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to pollute the logs via crafted login requests.

Severity

5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:C

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-117 - Execute unauthorized code or commands

Assigner

fortinet

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-24-453

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Fortinet	FortiAnalyzer	Affected: 7.6.0 , ≤ 7.6.1 (semver) Affected: 7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.5 (semver) Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.8 (semver) Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.13 (semver) cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.6.1:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.6.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.4.5:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.4.4:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.4.3:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.4.2:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.4.1:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.4.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.8:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.7:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.6:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.5:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.4:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.3:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.2:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.1:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.13:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.12:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.11:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.10:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.9:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.8:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.7:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.6:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.5:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.4:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.3:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.2:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.1:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.0:::::::*
Fortinet	FortiManager	Affected: 7.6.0 , ≤ 7.6.1 (semver) Affected: 7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.5 (semver) Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.8 (semver) Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.13 (semver) cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.6.1:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.6.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.4.5:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.4.4:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.4.3:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.4.2:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.4.1:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.4.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.2.8:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.2.7:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.2.6:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.2.5:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.2.4:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.2.3:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.2.2:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.2.1:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.2.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.13:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.12:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.11:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.10:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.9:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.8:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.7:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.6:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.5:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.4:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.3:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.2:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.1:::::::* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortimanager:7.0.0:::::::*

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CVE-2024-56473 (GCVE-0-2024-56473)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-05 23:01 – Updated: 2025-02-22 22:15

Title

IBM Aspera Shares Data Manipulation

Summary

IBM Aspera Shares 1.9.0 through 1.10.0 PL6 could allow an attacker to spoof their IP address, which is written to log files, due to improper verification of 'Client-IP' headers.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-117

Assigner

ibm

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7182490	vendor-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
IBM	Aspera Shares	Affected: 1.9.0 , ≤ 1.10.0 PL6 (semver)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2024-7696 (GCVE-0-2024-7696)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-07 05:38 – Updated: 2025-01-07 15:31

Summary

Seth Fogie, member of AXIS Camera Station Pro Bug Bounty Program, has found that it is possible for an authenticated malicious client to tamper with audit log creation in AXIS Camera Station, or perform a Denial-of-Service attack on the AXIS Camera Station server using maliciously crafted audit log entries. Axis has released a patched version for the highlighted flaw. Please refer to the Axis security advisory for more information and solution.

Severity

6.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-117 - Improper Output Neutralization for Logs

Assigner

Axis

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.axis.com/dam/public/b3/53/03/cve-2024…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Axis Communications AB	AXIS Camera Station Pro	Affected: <6.5

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2024-8297 (GCVE-0-2024-8297)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-29 12:31 – Updated: 2024-08-29 13:11

Title

kitsada8621 Digital Library Management System jwt_refresh_token_middleware.go JwtRefreshAuth neutralization for logs

Summary

A vulnerability was found in kitsada8621 Digital Library Management System 1.0. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is the function JwtRefreshAuth of the file middleware/jwt_refresh_token_middleware.go. The manipulation of the argument Authorization leads to improper output neutralization for logs. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The name of the patch is 81b3336b4c9240f0bf50c13cb8375cf860d945f1. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-117 - Improper Output Neutralization for Logs

Assigner

VulDB

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.276072	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.276072	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.394613	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/kitsada8621/Digital-Library-Ma…	issue-tracking
https://github.com/kitsada8621/Digital-Library-Ma…	patch

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
kitsada8621	Digital Library Management System	Affected: 1.0
kitsada8621	digital_library_management_system	Affected: 1.0 cpe:2.3:a:kitsada8621:digital_library_management_system:1.0:::::::*

Credits

zihe (VulDB User)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/kitsada8621/Digital-Library-Management-System/issues/1"
        },
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          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/kitsada8621/Digital-Library-Management-System/commit/81b3336b4c9240f0bf50c13cb8375cf860d945f1"
        }
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          "time": "2024-08-29T00:00:00.000Z",
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          "time": "2024-08-29T02:00:00.000Z",
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          "time": "2024-08-29T08:06:37.000Z",
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      ],
      "title": "kitsada8621 Digital Library Management System jwt_refresh_token_middleware.go JwtRefreshAuth neutralization for logs"
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}

CVE-2024-8334 (GCVE-0-2024-8334)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-30 12:31 – Updated: 2024-08-30 13:16

Title

master-nan Sweet-CMS log.go LogHandler neutralization for logs

Summary

A vulnerability was found in master-nan Sweet-CMS up to 5f441e022b8876f07cde709c77b5be6d2f262e3f. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects the function LogHandler of the file middleware/log.go. The manipulation leads to improper output neutralization for logs. The attack may be initiated remotely. This product takes the approach of rolling releases to provide continious delivery. Therefore, version details for affected and updated releases are not available. The identifier of the patch is 2024c370e6c78b07b358c9d4257fa5d1be732c38. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-117 - Improper Output Neutralization for Logs

Assigner

VulDB

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.276209	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.276209	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.398805	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/master-nan/sweet-cms/issues/3	issue-tracking
https://github.com/master-nan/sweet-cms/issues/3#…	issue-tracking
https://github.com/master-nan/sweet-cms/commit/20…	patch

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
master-nan	Sweet-CMS	Affected: 5f441e022b8876f07cde709c77b5be6d2f262e3f
sweetcms	sweetcms	Affected: 0 , < 5f441e022b8876f07cde709c77b5be6d2f262e3f (custom) cpe:2.3:a:sweetcms:sweetcms::::::::

Credits

zihe (VulDB User)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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  "containers": {
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      {
        "affected": [
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            "cpes": [
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          "vendor": "master-nan",
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          "type": "reporter",
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          "value": "Eine Schwachstelle wurde in master-nan Sweet-CMS bis 5f441e022b8876f07cde709c77b5be6d2f262e3f ausgemacht. Sie wurde als problematisch eingestuft. Hierbei geht es um die Funktion LogHandler der Datei middleware/log.go. Durch Beeinflussen mit unbekannten Daten kann eine improper output neutralization for logs-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Umgesetzt werden kann der Angriff \u00fcber das Netzwerk. Dieses Produkt setzt Rolling Releases ein. Aus diesem Grund sind Details zu betroffenen oder zu aktualisierende Versionen nicht verf\u00fcgbar. Der Patch wird als 2024c370e6c78b07b358c9d4257fa5d1be732c38 bezeichnet. Als bestm\u00f6gliche Massnahme wird Patching empfohlen."
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CVE-2024-9026 (GCVE-0-2024-9026)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-08 04:07 – Updated: 2025-11-03 22:33

Title

PHP-FPM logs from children may be altered

Summary

In PHP versions 8.1.* before 8.1.30, 8.2.* before 8.2.24, 8.3.* before 8.3.12, when using PHP-FPM SAPI and it is configured to catch workers output through catch_workers_output = yes, it may be possible to pollute the final log or remove up to 4 characters from the log messages by manipulating log message content. Additionally, if PHP-FPM is configured to use syslog output, it may be possible to further remove log data using the same vulnerability.

Severity

3.3 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-158 - Improper Neutralization of Null Byte or NUL Character
CWE-117 - Improper Output Neutralization for Logs

Assigner

php

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/php/php-src/security/advisorie…
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2024110…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
PHP Group	PHP	Affected: 8.1.* , < 8.1.30 (semver) Affected: 8.2.* , < 8.2.24 (semver) Affected: 8.3.* , < 8.3.12 (semver)
php	php	Affected: 8.1.0 , < 8.1.30 (semver) Affected: 8.2.0 , < 8.2.24 (semver) Affected: 8.3.0 , < 8.3.12 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:php:php::::::::

Date Public

2024-09-27 17:50

Credits

Sébastien Rolland

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2024-9606 (GCVE-0-2024-9606)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-20 10:09 – Updated: 2025-03-20 18:55

Title

Improper Output Neutralization for Logs in berriai/litellm

Summary

In berriai/litellm before version 1.44.12, the `litellm/litellm_core_utils/litellm_logging.py` file contains a vulnerability where the API key masking code only masks the first 5 characters of the key. This results in the leakage of almost the entire API key in the logs, exposing a significant amount of the secret key. The issue affects version v1.44.9.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-117 - Improper Output Neutralization for Logs

Assigner

@huntr_ai

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://huntr.com/bounties/4a03796f-a8d4-4293-84e…
https://github.com/berriai/litellm/commit/9094071…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
berriai	berriai/litellm	Affected: unspecified , < 1.44.12 (custom)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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          {
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CVE-2025-0754 (GCVE-0-2025-0754)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-28 09:37 – Updated: 2025-11-20 20:00

Title

Envoyproxy: openshift service mesh 2.6.3 and 2.5.6 envoy header handling allows log injection and potential spoofing

Summary

The vulnerability was found in OpenShift Service Mesh 2.6.3 and 2.5.6. This issue occurs due to improper sanitization of HTTP headers by Envoy, particularly the x-forwarded-for header. This lack of sanitization can allow attackers to inject malicious payloads into service mesh logs, leading to log injection and spoofing attacks. Such injections can mislead logging mechanisms, enabling attackers to manipulate log entries or execute reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks.

Severity

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-117 - Improper Output Neutralization for Logs

Assigner

redhat

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-0754	vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2339147	issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
		Affected: 2.6.3 (semver) Affected: 2.5.6 (semver)
Red Hat	OpenShift Service Mesh 2	cpe:/a:redhat:service_mesh:2

Date Public

2025-01-23 00:00

Credits

Red Hat would like to thank Antony Di Scala and Michael Whale for reporting this issue.

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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Mitigation ID: MIT-5

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.

Mitigation ID: MIT-30

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Output Encoding

Description:

Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.

Mitigation ID: MIT-20

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.

CAPEC-268: Audit Log Manipulation

The attacker injects, manipulates, deletes, or forges malicious log entries into the log file, in an attempt to mislead an audit of the log file or cover tracks of an attack. Due to either insufficient access controls of the log files or the logging mechanism, the attacker is able to perform such actions.

CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering

Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.

CAPEC-93: Log Injection-Tampering-Forging

This attack targets the log files of the target host. The attacker injects, manipulates or forges malicious log entries in the log file, allowing them to mislead a log audit, cover traces of attack, or perform other malicious actions. The target host is not properly controlling log access. As a result tainted data is resulting in the log files leading to a failure in accountability, non-repudiation and incident forensics capability.

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