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CWE-1321
Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.
CVE-2026-33993 (GCVE-0-2026-33993)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-27 22:14 – Updated: 2026-03-30 15:45
VLAI
Title
Locutus has Prototype Pollution via __proto__ Key Injection in unserialize()
Summary
Locutus brings stdlibs of other programming languages to JavaScript for educational purposes. Prior to version 3.0.25, the `unserialize()` function in `locutus/php/var/unserialize` assigns deserialized keys to plain objects via bracket notation without filtering the `__proto__` key. When a PHP serialized payload contains `__proto__` as an array or object key, JavaScript's `__proto__` setter is invoked, replacing the deserialized object's prototype with attacker-controlled content. This enables property injection, for...in propagation of injected properties, and denial of service via built-in method override. This is distinct from the previously reported prototype pollution in `parse_str` (GHSA-f98m-q3hr-p5wq, GHSA-rxrv-835q-v5mh) — `unserialize` is a different function with no mitigation applied. Version 3.0.25 patches the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/locutusjs/locutus/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/locutusjs/locutus/pull/597 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/locutusjs/locutus/commit/345a6… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/locutusjs/locutus/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-33994 (GCVE-0-2026-33994)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-27 22:15 – Updated: 2026-04-01 13:45
VLAI
Title
Locutus Prototype Pollution due to incomplete fix for CVE-2026-25521
Summary
Locutus brings stdlibs of other programming languages to JavaScript for educational purposes. Starting in version 2.0.39 and prior to version 3.0.25, a prototype pollution vulnerability exists in the `parse_str` function of the npm package locutus. An attacker can pollute `Object.prototype` by overriding `RegExp.prototype.test` and then passing a crafted query string to `parse_str`, bypassing the prototype pollution guard. This vulnerability stems from an incomplete fix for CVE-2026-25521. The CVE-2026-25521 patch replaced the `String.prototype.includes()`-based guard with a `RegExp.prototype.test()`-based guard. However, `RegExp.prototype.test` is itself a writable prototype method that can be overridden, making the new guard bypassable in the same way as the original — trading one hijackable built-in for another. Version 3.0.25 contains an updated fix.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/locutusjs/locutus/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/locutusjs/locutus/pull/597 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/locutusjs/locutus/commit/345a6… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/locutusjs/locutus/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-34221 (GCVE-0-2026-34221)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-31 15:17 – Updated: 2026-03-31 18:52
VLAI
Title
MikroORM has Prototype Pollution in Utils.merge
Summary
MikroORM is a TypeScript ORM for Node.js based on Data Mapper, Unit of Work and Identity Map patterns. Prior to versions 6.6.10 and 7.0.6, a prototype pollution vulnerability exists in the Utils.merge helper used internally by MikroORM when merging object structures. The function did not prevent special keys such as __proto__, constructor, or prototype, allowing attacker-controlled input to modify the JavaScript object prototype when merged. This issue has been patched in versions 6.6.10 and 7.0.6.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/mikro-orm/mikro-orm/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-34621 (GCVE-0-2026-34621)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-11 06:45 – Updated: 2026-04-14 03:55
VLAI
Title
Acrobat Reader | Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') (CWE-1321)
Summary
Acrobat Reader versions 24.001.30356, 26.001.21367 and earlier are affected by an Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') (CWE-1321)
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilit… | government-resource |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adobe | Acrobat Reader |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 26.001.21367
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-04-10 17:00
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CVE-2026-34622 (GCVE-0-2026-34622)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-14 16:18 – Updated: 2026-04-15 03:58
VLAI
Title
Acrobat Reader | Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') (CWE-1321)
Summary
Acrobat Reader versions 26.001.21411, 24.001.30360, 24.001.30362 and earlier are affected by an Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') (CWE-1321)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adobe | Acrobat Reader |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 26.001.21411
(semver)
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Date Public
2026-04-14 17:00
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CVE-2026-34626 (GCVE-0-2026-34626)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-14 16:18 – Updated: 2026-04-14 17:53
VLAI
Title
Acrobat Reader | Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') (CWE-1321)
Summary
Acrobat Reader versions 26.001.21411, 24.001.30360, 24.001.30362 and earlier are affected by an Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary file system read in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') (CWE-1321)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adobe | Acrobat Reader |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 26.001.21411
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-04-14 17:00
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CVE-2026-35209 (GCVE-0-2026-35209)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-06 17:26 – Updated: 2026-04-06 18:49
VLAI
Title
defu: Prototype pollution via `__proto__` key in defaults argument
Summary
defu is software that allows uers to assign default properties recursively. Prior to version 6.1.5, applications that pass unsanitized user input (e.g. parsed JSON request bodies, database records, or config files from untrusted sources) as the first argument to `defu()` are vulnerable to prototype pollution. A crafted payload containing a `__proto__` key can override intended default values in the merged resul. The internal `_defu` function used `Object.assign({}, defaults)` to copy the defaults object. `Object.assign` invokes the `__proto__` setter, which replaces the resulting object's `[[Prototype]]` with attacker-controlled values. Properties inherited from the polluted prototype then bypass the existing `__proto__` key guard in the `for...in` loop and land in the final result. Version 6.1.5 replaces `Object.assign({}, defaults)` with object spread (`{ ...defaults }`), which uses `[[DefineOwnProperty]]` and does not invoke the `__proto__` setter.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/unjs/defu/security/advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/unjs/defu/pull/156 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/unjs/defu/commit/3942bfbbcaa72… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/unjs/defu/releases/tag/v6.1.5 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-40190 (GCVE-0-2026-40190)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-10 19:47 – Updated: 2026-04-13 16:13
VLAI
Title
LangSmith Client SDKs has Prototype Pollution in langsmith-sdk via Incomplete `__proto__` Guard in Internal lodash `set()`
Summary
LangSmith Client SDKs provide SDK's for interacting with the LangSmith platform. Prior to 0.5.18, the LangSmith JavaScript/TypeScript SDK (langsmith) contains an incomplete prototype pollution fix in its internally vendored lodash set() utility. The baseAssignValue() function only guards against the __proto__ key, but fails to prevent traversal via constructor.prototype. This allows an attacker who controls keys in data processed by the createAnonymizer() API to pollute Object.prototype, affecting all objects in the Node.js process. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.5.18.
Severity
5.6 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/langchain-ai/langsmith-sdk/sec… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| langchain-ai | langsmith-sdk |
Affected:
< 0.5.18
|
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CVE-2026-41238 (GCVE-0-2026-41238)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-23 14:43 – Updated: 2026-04-23 16:22
VLAI
Title
DOMPurify: Prototype Pollution to XSS Bypass via CUSTOM_ELEMENT_HANDLING Fallback
Summary
DOMPurify is a DOM-only cross-site scripting sanitizer for HTML, MathML, and SVG. Versions 3.0.1 through 3.3.3 are vulnerable to a prototype pollution-based XSS bypass. When an application uses `DOMPurify.sanitize()` with the default configuration (no `CUSTOM_ELEMENT_HANDLING` option), a prior prototype pollution gadget can inject permissive `tagNameCheck` and `attributeNameCheck` regex values into `Object.prototype`, causing DOMPurify to allow arbitrary custom elements with arbitrary attributes — including event handlers — through sanitization. Version 3.4.0 fixes the issue.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/cure53/DOMPurify/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/cure53/DOMPurify/releases/tag/3.4.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-41690 (GCVE-0-2026-41690)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 15:24 – Updated: 2026-05-08 16:43
VLAI
Title
Prototype pollution and path traversal in i18next-http-middleware via user-controlled language and namespace parameters
Summary
18next-http-middleware is a middleware to be used with Node.js web frameworks like express or Fastify and also for Deno. Versions prior to 3.9.3 allow an unauthenticated HTTP client to pollute Object.prototype in the Node.js process hosting the middleware, via two unvalidated entry points that reach internal object-key writes: getResourcesHandler and missingKeyHandler. This can break authorisation checks (if (user.isAdmin) returning true for any user), cause type-confusion DoS, and depending on downstream code it can be chained into RCE.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/i18next/i18next-http-middlewar… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| i18next | i18next-http-middleware |
Affected:
< 3.9.3
|
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Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- By freezing the object prototype first (for example, Object.freeze(Object.prototype)), modification of the prototype becomes impossible.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- By blocking modifications of attributes that resolve to object prototype, such as proto or prototype, this weakness can be mitigated.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- When handling untrusted objects, validating using a schema can be used.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- By using an object without prototypes (via Object.create(null) ), adding object prototype attributes by accessing the prototype via the special attributes becomes impossible, mitigating this weakness.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Map can be used instead of objects in most cases. If Map methods are used instead of object attributes, it is not possible to access the object prototype or modify it.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels
An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.