CWE-1333

Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity

The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.

CVE-2026-4867 (GCVE-0-2026-4867)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-26 16:16 – Updated: 2026-03-26 16:52
VLAI
Title
path-to-regexp vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service via multiple route parameters
Summary
Impact: A bad regular expression is generated any time you have three or more parameters within a single segment, separated by something that is not a period (.). For example, /:a-:b-:c or /:a-:b-:c-:d. The backtrack protection added in path-to-regexp@0.1.12 only prevents ambiguity for two parameters. With three or more, the generated lookahead does not block single separator characters, so capture groups overlap and cause catastrophic backtracking. Patches: Upgrade to path-to-regexp@0.1.13 Custom regex patterns in route definitions (e.g., /:a-:b([^-/]+)-:c([^-/]+)) are not affected because they override the default capture group. Workarounds: All versions can be patched by providing a custom regular expression for parameters after the first in a single segment. As long as the custom regular expression does not match the text before the parameter, you will be safe. For example, change /:a-:b-:c to /:a-:b([^-/]+)-:c([^-/]+). If paths cannot be rewritten and versions cannot be upgraded, another alternative is to limit the URL length.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
path-to-regexp path-to-regexp Affected: 0 , < 0.1.13 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
EthanKim88 blakeembrey UlisesGascon
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-4923 (GCVE-0-2026-4923)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-26 19:02 – Updated: 2026-03-27 13:58
VLAI
Title
path-to-regexp vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service via multiple wildcards
Summary
Impact: When using multiple wildcards, combined with at least one parameter, a regular expression can be generated that is vulnerable to ReDoS. This backtracking vulnerability requires the second wildcard to be somewhere other than the end of the path. Unsafe examples: /*foo-*bar-:baz /*a-:b-*c-:d /x/*a-:b/*c/y Safe examples: /*foo-:bar /*foo-:bar-*baz Patches: Upgrade to version 8.4.0. Workarounds: If you are using multiple wildcard parameters, you can check the regex output with a tool such as https://makenowjust-labs.github.io/recheck/playground/ to confirm whether a path is vulnerable.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
path-to-regexp path-to-regexp Affected: 8.0.0 , < 8.4.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 8.4.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
blakeembrey UlisesGascon
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-4926 (GCVE-0-2026-4926)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-26 18:59 – Updated: 2026-03-27 19:44
VLAI
Title
path-to-regexp vulnerable to Denial of Service via sequential optional groups
Summary
Impact: A bad regular expression is generated any time you have multiple sequential optional groups (curly brace syntax), such as `{a}{b}{c}:z`. The generated regex grows exponentially with the number of groups, causing denial of service. Patches: Fixed in version 8.4.0. Workarounds: Limit the number of sequential optional groups in route patterns. Avoid passing user-controlled input as route patterns.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
path-to-regexp path-to-regexp Affected: 8.0.0 , < 8.4.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 8.4.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
uug4na blakeembrey UlisesGascon
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-5986 (GCVE-0-2026-5986)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-09 22:30 – Updated: 2026-04-14 03:12
VLAI
Title
Zod jsVideoUrlParser util.js getTime redos
Summary
A weakness has been identified in Zod jsVideoUrlParser up to 0.5.1. The impacted element is the function getTime in the library lib/util.js. This manipulation of the argument timestamp causes inefficient regular expression complexity. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  • CWE-400 - Resource Consumption
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/356540 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/356540/cti signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/submit/791911 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/Zod-/jsVideoUrlParser/issues/121 issue-tracking
https://github.com/Zod-/jsVideoUrlParser/issues/1… exploitissue-tracking
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Zod jsVideoUrlParser Affected: 0.5.0
Affected: 0.5.1
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
ybdesire (VulDB User) VulDB CNA Team
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-8159 (GCVE-0-2026-8159)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-12 08:35 – Updated: 2026-05-12 12:33
VLAI
Title
multiparty vulnerable to ReDoS via filename parsing
Summary
multiparty@4.2.3 and lower versions are vulnerable to denial of service via regular expression backtracking in the Content-Disposition filename parameter parser. A crafted multipart upload with a long header value can cause regex matching to take seconds, blocking the event loop. Impact: any service accepting multipart uploads via multiparty is affected. Workarounds: limiting upload sizes at the proxy or gateway layer reduces but does not eliminate the attack surface, since a small header of around 8 KB is sufficient to trigger the vulnerable backtracking. Upgrade to multiparty@4.3.0 or higher.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
multiparty multiparty Affected: 0 , ≤ 4.2.3 (semver)
Unaffected: 4.3.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
aszx87410 Blake Embrey Ulises Gascón
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • Use regular expressions that do not support backtracking, e.g. by removing nested quantifiers.
Mitigation

Phase: System Configuration

Description:

  • Set backtracking limits in the configuration of the regular expression implementation, such as PHP's pcre.backtrack_limit. Also consider limits on execution time for the process.
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • Do not use regular expressions with untrusted input. If regular expressions must be used, avoid using backtracking in the expression.
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • Limit the length of the input that the regular expression will process.
CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.

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