CWE-302

Authentication Bypass by Assumed-Immutable Data

The authentication scheme or implementation uses key data elements that are assumed to be immutable, but can be controlled or modified by the attacker.

CVE-2026-27840 (GCVE-0-2026-27840)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-26 00:27 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:00
VLAI
Title
ZITADEL's truncated opaque tokens are still valid
Summary
ZITADEL is an open source identity management platform. Starting in version 2.31.0 and prior to versions 3.4.7 and 4.11.0, opaque OIDC access tokens in the v2 format truncated to 80 characters are still considered valid. Zitadel uses a symmetric AES encryption for opaque tokens. The cleartext payload is a concatenation of a couple of identifiers, such as a token ID and user ID. Internally Zitadel has 2 different versions of token payloads. v1 tokens are no longer created, but are still verified as to not invalidate existing session after upgrade. The cleartext payload has a format of `<token_id>:<user_id>`. v2 tokens distinguished further where the `token_id` is of the format `v2_<oidc_session_id>-at_<access_token_id>`. V1 token authZ/N session data is retrieved from the database using the (simple) `token_id` value and `user_id` value. The `user_id` (called `subject` in some parts of our code) was used as being the trusted user ID. V2 token authZ/N session data is retrieved from the database using the `oidc_session_id` and `access_token_id` and in this case the `user_id` from the token is ignored and taken from the session data in the database. By truncating the token to 80 chars, the user_id is now missing from the cleartext of the v2 token. The back-end still accepts this for above reasons. This issue is not considered exploitable, but may look awkward when reproduced. The patch in versions 4.11.0 and 3.4.7 resolves the issue by verifying the `user_id` from the token against the session data from the database. No known workarounds are available.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-302 - Authentication Bypass by Assumed-Immutable Data
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
zitadel zitadel Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.11.0
Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.4.7
Affected: >= 2.31.0, <= 2.71.19
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CVE-2026-28510 (GCVE-0-2026-28510)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-05 12:28 – Updated: 2026-05-06 14:14
VLAI
Title
elabftw allows MFA bypass during login
Summary
eLabFTW is an open source electronic lab notebook. In elabftw versions through 5.4.1, the login flow did not reliably preserve the multi-factor authentication state across authentication steps. Under certain conditions, an attacker with valid primary credentials could complete authentication with an attacker-controlled TOTP secret and bypass the additional factor. This could result in unauthorized account access. This issue is fixed in version 5.4.2.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-302 - Authentication Bypass by Assumed-Immutable Data
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
elabftw elabftw Affected: = 5.4.1
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CVE-2026-39429 (GCVE-0-2026-39429)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-08 20:16 – Updated: 2026-04-10 20:49
VLAI
Title
kcp's cache server is accessible without authentication or authorization checks
Summary
kcp is a Kubernetes-like control plane for form-factors and use-cases beyond Kubernetes and container workloads. Prior to 0.30.3 and 0.29.3, the cache server is directly exposed by the root shard and has no authentication or authorization in place. This allows anyone who can access the root shard to read and write to the cache server. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.30.3 and 0.29.3.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
  • CWE-302 - Authentication Bypass by Assumed-Immutable Data
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
kcp-dev kcp Affected: >= 0.30.0, < 0.30.3
Affected: < 0.29.3
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CVE-2026-40285 (GCVE-0-2026-40285)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-17 20:25 – Updated: 2026-04-20 16:21
VLAI
Title
WeGIA has SQL Injection via Session Variable Override in DespachoControle.php
Summary
WeGIA is a web manager for charitable institutions. Versions prior to 3.6.10 contain a SQL injection vulnerability in dao/memorando/UsuarioDAO.php. The cpf_usuario POST parameter overwrites the session-stored user identity via extract($_REQUEST) in DespachoControle::verificarDespacho(), and the attacker-controlled value is then interpolated directly into a raw SQL query, allowing any authenticated user to query the database under an arbitrary identity. Version 3.6.10 fixes the issue.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
  • CWE-302 - Authentication Bypass by Assumed-Immutable Data
  • CWE-473 - PHP External Variable Modification
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
LabRedesCefetRJ WeGIA Affected: < 3.6.10
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      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-666r-v2m7-xgp9",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "WeGIA has SQL Injection via Session Variable Override in DespachoControle.php"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-40285",
    "datePublished": "2026-04-17T20:25:33.185Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-04-10T20:22:44.035Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-20T16:21:07.084Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation, Implementation

Description:

  • Implement proper protection for immutable data (e.g. environment variable, hidden form fields, etc.)
CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables

This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the adversary finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.

CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values

The adversary directly or indirectly modifies environment variables used by or controlling the target software. The adversary's goal is to cause the target software to deviate from its expected operation in a manner that benefits the adversary.

CAPEC-21: Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers

An adversary guesses, obtains, or "rides" a trusted identifier (e.g. session ID, resource ID, cookie, etc.) to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.

CAPEC-274: HTTP Verb Tampering

An attacker modifies the HTTP Verb (e.g. GET, PUT, TRACE, etc.) in order to bypass access restrictions. Some web environments allow administrators to restrict access based on the HTTP Verb used with requests. However, attackers can often provide a different HTTP Verb, or even provide a random string as a verb in order to bypass these protections. This allows the attacker to access data that should otherwise be protected.

CAPEC-31: Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies

This attack relies on the use of HTTP Cookies to store credentials, state information and other critical data on client systems. There are several different forms of this attack. The first form of this attack involves accessing HTTP Cookies to mine for potentially sensitive data contained therein. The second form involves intercepting this data as it is transmitted from client to server. This intercepted information is then used by the adversary to impersonate the remote user/session. The third form is when the cookie's content is modified by the adversary before it is sent back to the server. Here the adversary seeks to convince the target server to operate on this falsified information.

CAPEC-39: Manipulating Opaque Client-based Data Tokens

In circumstances where an application holds important data client-side in tokens (cookies, URLs, data files, and so forth) that data can be manipulated. If client or server-side application components reinterpret that data as authentication tokens or data (such as store item pricing or wallet information) then even opaquely manipulating that data may bear fruit for an Attacker. In this pattern an attacker undermines the assumption that client side tokens have been adequately protected from tampering through use of encryption or obfuscation.

CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links

This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.

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