CWE-325
Missing Cryptographic Step
The product does not implement a required step in a cryptographic algorithm, resulting in weaker encryption than advertised by the algorithm.
CVE-2023-28999 (GCVE-0-2023-28999)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-04 12:51 – Updated: 2025-02-11 16:32
VLAI
Title
Nextcloud: Lack of authenticity of metadata keys allows a malicious server to gain access to E2EE folders
Summary
Nextcloud is an open-source productivity platform. In Nextcloud Desktop client 3.0.0 until 3.8.0, Nextcloud Android app 3.13.0 until 3.25.0, and Nextcloud iOS app 3.0.5 until 4.8.0, a malicious server administrator can gain full access to an end-to-end encrypted folder. They can decrypt files, recover the folder structure and add new files. This issue is fixed in Nextcloud Desktop 3.8.0, Nextcloud Android 3.25.0, and Nextcloud iOS 4.8.0. No known workarounds are available.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-325 - Missing Cryptographic Step
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nextcloud/security-advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nextcloud/desktop/pull/5560 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nextcloud | security-advisories |
Affected:
>= 3.0.0, < 3.8.0
Affected: >= 3.13.0, < 3.25.0 Affected: >= 3.0.5, < 4.8.0 |
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CVE-2023-34471 (GCVE-0-2023-34471)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-07-05 18:05 – Updated: 2024-11-21 14:53
VLAI
Title
Missing Cryptographic Step
Summary
AMI SPx contains a vulnerability in the BMC where a user may cause a missing cryptographic step by generating a hash-based message authentication code (HMAC). A successful exploit of this vulnerability may lead to the loss confidentiality, integrity, and authentication.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-325 - "Missing Cryptographic Step”
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMI | MegaRAC_SPx |
Affected:
12 , < 12.2
(RC)
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CVE-2023-36539 (GCVE-0-2023-36539)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-30 02:01 – Updated: 2024-10-28 13:04
VLAI
Summary
Exposure of information intended to be encrypted by some Zoom clients may lead to disclosure of sensitive information.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zoom Video Communications, Inc. | Zoom clients |
Affected:
See references link for ZSB-23025
|
Date Public
2023-06-30 02:00
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CVE-2023-39199 (GCVE-0-2023-39199)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-11-14 23:06 – Updated: 2024-09-19 13:50
VLAI
Summary
Cryptographic issues with In-Meeting Chat for some Zoom clients may allow a privileged user to conduct an information disclosure via network access.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-325 - Missing Cryptographic Step
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zoom Video Communications, Inc. | Zoom Clients |
Affected:
see references
|
Date Public
2023-11-14 16:00
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CVE-2023-40012 (GCVE-0-2023-40012)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-08-09 15:33 – Updated: 2024-10-03 15:15
VLAI
Title
uthenticode EKU validation bypass
Summary
uthenticode is a small cross-platform library for partially verifying Authenticode digital signatures. Versions of uthenticode prior to the 2.x series did not check Extended Key Usages in certificates, in violation of the Authenticode X.509 certificate profile. As a result, a malicious user could produce a "signed" PE file that uthenticode would verify and consider valid using an X.509 certificate that isn't entitled to produce code signatures (e.g., a SSL certificate). By design, uthenticode does not perform full-chain validation. However, the absence of EKU validation was an unintended oversight. The 2.0.0 release series includes EKU checks. There are no workarounds to this vulnerability.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/trailofbits/uthenticode/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/trailofbits/uthenticode/pull/78 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/trailofbits/uthenticode/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| trailofbits | uthenticode |
Affected:
< 2.0.0
|
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CVE-2023-46129 (GCVE-0-2023-46129)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-10-30 23:47 – Updated: 2025-02-27 20:38
VLAI
Title
xkeys Seal encryption used fixed key for all encryption
Summary
NATS.io is a high performance open source pub-sub distributed communication technology, built for the cloud, on-premise, IoT, and edge computing. The cryptographic key handling library, nkeys, recently gained support for encryption, not just for signing/authentication. This is used in nats-server 2.10 (Sep 2023) and newer for authentication callouts. In nkeys versions 0.4.0 through 0.4.5, corresponding with NATS server versions 2.10.0 through 2.10.3, the nkeys library's `xkeys` encryption handling logic mistakenly passed an array by value into an internal function, where the function mutated that buffer to populate the encryption key to use. As a result, all encryption was actually to an all-zeros key. This affects encryption only, not signing.
FIXME: FILL IN IMPACT ON NATS-SERVER AUTH CALLOUT SECURITY. nkeys Go library 0.4.6, corresponding with NATS Server 2.10.4, has a patch for this issue. No known workarounds are available. For any application handling auth callouts in Go, if using the nkeys library, update the dependency, recompile and deploy that in lockstep.
Severity
7.5 (High)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-43547 (GCVE-0-2024-43547)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-08 17:35 – Updated: 2025-07-08 15:39
VLAI
Title
Windows Kerberos Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Windows Kerberos Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Severity
CWE
- CWE-325 - Missing Cryptographic Step
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
25 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.6414
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.6414
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.6414
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.2762
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22000.0 , < 10.0.22000.3260
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19043.0 , < 10.0.19044.5011
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22621.0 , < 10.0.22621.4317
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.5011
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H3 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.4317
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.4317
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.1189
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.2033
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1507 |
Affected:
10.0.10240.0 , < 10.0.10240.20796
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.7428
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.7428
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.7428
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.22918
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.22918
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.22918
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27366
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27366
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25118
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25118
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22221
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22221
(custom)
|
Date Public
2024-10-08 07:00
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},
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"product": "Windows 11 Version 24H2",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
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"product": "Windows 10 Version 1507",
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CVE-2024-55655 (GCVE-0-2024-55655)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-10 23:06 – Updated: 2024-12-11 16:03
VLAI
Title
sigstore-python has insufficient validation of integration timestamp during verification
Summary
sigstore-python is a Python tool for generating and verifying Sigstore signatures. Versions of sigstore-python newer than 2.0.0 but prior to 3.6.0 perform insufficient validation of the "integration time" present in "v2" and "v3" bundles during the verification flow: the "integration time" is verified *if* a source of signed time (such as an inclusion promise) is present, but is otherwise trusted if no source of signed time is present. This does not affect "v1" bundles, as the "v1" bundle format always requires an inclusion promise.
Sigstore uses signed time to support verification of signatures made against short-lived signing keys. The impact and severity of this weakness is *low*, as Sigstore contains multiple other enforcing components that prevent an attacker who modifies the integration timestamp within a bundle from impersonating a valid signature. In particular, an attacker who modifies the integration timestamp can induce a Denial of Service, but in no different manner than already possible with bundle access (e.g. modifying the signature itself such that it fails to verify). Separately, an attacker could upload a *new* entry to the transparency service, and substitute their new entry's time. However, this would still be rejected at validation time, as the new entry's (valid) signed time would be outside the validity window of the original signing certificate and would nonetheless render the attacker auditable.
Severity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sigstore/sigstore-python/secur… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/sigstore/sigstore-python/commi… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/sigstore/sigstore-python/relea… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| sigstore | sigstore-python |
Affected:
>= 2.0.0, < 3.6.0
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CVE-2025-30147 (GCVE-0-2025-30147)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-07 18:27 – Updated: 2025-05-07 20:04
VLAI
Title
ALTBN128_ADD, ALTBN128_MUL, ALTBN128_PAIRING precompile functions do not check if points are on curve
Summary
Besu Native contains scripts and tooling that is used to build and package the native libraries used by the Ethereum client Hyperledger Besu. Besu 24.7.1 through 25.2.2, corresponding to besu-native versions 0.9.0 through 1.2.1, have a potential consensus bug for the precompiles ALTBN128_ADD (0x06), ALTBN128_MUL (0x07), and ALTBN128_PAIRING (0x08). These precompiles were reimplemented in besu-native using gnark-crypto's bn254 implementation, as the former implementation used a library which was no longer maintained and not sufficiently performant. The new gnark implementation was initially added in version 0.9.0 of besu-native but was not utilized by Besu until version 0.9.2 in Besu 24.7.1. The issue is that there are EC points which may be crafted which are in the correct subgroup but are not on the curve and the besu-native gnark implementation was relying on subgroup checks to perform point-on-curve checks as well. The version of gnark-crypto used at the time did not do this check when performing subgroup checks. The result is that it was possible for Besu to give an incorrect result and fall out of consensus when executing one of these precompiles against a specially crafted input point. Additionally, homogenous Besu-only networks can potentially enshrine invalid state which would be incorrect and difficult to process with patched versions of besu which handle these calls correctly. The underlying defect has been patched in besu-native release 1.3.0. The fixed version of Besu is version 25.3.0. As a workaround for versions of Besu with the problem, the native precompile for altbn128 may be disabled in favor of the pure-java implementation. The pure java implementation is significantly slower, but does not have this consensus issue.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-325 - Missing Cryptographic Step
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/hyperledger/besu-native/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/blob/main/bes… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| hyperledger | besu-native |
Affected:
>= 0.9.0, < 1.3.0
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CVE-2025-3938 (GCVE-0-2025-3938)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-22 12:32 – Updated: 2025-05-22 14:10
VLAI
Title
Missing Cryptographic Step
Summary
Missing Cryptographic Step vulnerability in Tridium Niagara Framework on Windows, Linux, QNX, Tridium Niagara Enterprise Security on Windows, Linux, QNX allows Cryptanalysis. This issue affects Niagara Framework: before 4.14.2, before 4.15.1, before 4.10.11; Niagara Enterprise Security: before 4.14.2, before 4.15.1, before 4.10.11. Tridium recommends upgrading to Niagara Framework and Enterprise Security versions 4.14.2u2, 4.15.u1, or 4.10u.11.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-325 - Missing Cryptographic Step
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.honeywell.com/us/en/product-security#… | vendor-advisory |
| https://docs.niagara-community.com/category/tech_bull | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tridium | Niagara Framework |
Affected:
0 , < 4.14.2
(custom)
Affected: 0 , < 4.15.1 (custom) Affected: 0 , < 4.10.11 (custom) |
|
| Tridium | Niagara Enterprise Security |
Affected:
0 , < 4.14.2
(custom)
Affected: 0 , < 4.15.1 (custom) Affected: 0 , < 4.10.11 (custom) |
Date Public
2025-05-08 16:59
Credits
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No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-68: Subvert Code-signing Facilities
Many languages use code signing facilities to vouch for code's identity and to thus tie code to its assigned privileges within an environment. Subverting this mechanism can be instrumental in an attacker escalating privilege. Any means of subverting the way that a virtual machine enforces code signing classifies for this style of attack.