CWE-98
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in "require," "include," or similar functions.
CVE-2023-6989 (GCVE-0-2023-6989)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-05 21:21 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:33
VLAI
Title
Shield Security – Smart Bot Blocking & Intrusion Prevention Security <= 18.5.9 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion
Summary
The Shield Security – Smart Bot Blocking & Intrusion Prevention Security plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 18.5.9 via the render_action_template parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attacker to include and execute PHP files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| paultgoodchild | Shield: Blocks Bots, Protects Users, and Prevents Security Breaches |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 18.5.9
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2024-0315 (GCVE-0-2024-0315)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-15 16:02 – Updated: 2025-06-03 13:59
VLAI
Title
Remote file inclusion vulnerability in FireEye Central Management
Summary
Remote file inclusion vulnerability in FireEye Central Management affecting version 9.1.1.956704. This vulnerability allows an attacker to upload a malicious PDF file to the system during the report creation process.
Severity
6.6 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FireEye | FireEye Central Management |
Affected:
9.1.1.956704
|
Date Public
2024-01-10 11:00
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CVE-2024-10436 (GCVE-0-2024-10436)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-29 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:35
VLAI
Title
WPC Smart Messages for WooCommerce <= 4.2.1 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Local File Inclusion
Summary
The WPC Smart Messages for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 4.2.1 via the get_condition_value function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to include and execute arbitrary files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where images and other “safe” file types can be uploaded and included.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CWE
- CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| wpclever | WPC Smart Messages for WooCommerce |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 4.2.1
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2024-10571 (GCVE-0-2024-10571)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-14 11:00 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:25
VLAI
Title
Chartify – WordPress Chart Plugin <= 2.9.5 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion via source
Summary
The Chartify – WordPress Chart Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 2.9.5 via the 'source' parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to include and execute arbitrary files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where images and other “safe” file types can be uploaded and included.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ays-pro | Chartify – WordPress Chart Plugin |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.9.5
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2024-10871 (GCVE-0-2024-10871)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-09 07:35 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:47
VLAI
Title
Category Ajax Filter <= 2.8.2 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion
Summary
The Category Ajax Filter plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 2.8.2 via the 'params[caf-post-layout]' parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to include and execute arbitrary files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where files with a .php extension can be uploaded and included.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| trustyplugins | Category AJAX Filter – Advanced Filter for Posts & Custom Post Types |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.8.2
(semver)
|
Credits
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"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
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}
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}
],
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},
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CVE-2024-10873 (GCVE-0-2024-10873)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-23 04:32 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:54
VLAI
Title
LA-Studio Element Kit for Elementor <= 1.4.2 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion
Summary
The LA-Studio Element Kit for Elementor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.4.2 via the _load_template function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to include and execute arbitrary files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where images and other “safe” file types can be uploaded and included.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CWE
- CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| choijun | LA-Studio Element Kit for Elementor |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.4.2
(semver)
|
Credits
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"type": "finder",
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}
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{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/59415c36-e48a-4c05-ad22-8d55a9e13bcd?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/lastudio-element-kit/trunk/includes/extensions/albums/widget-templates/player/global/index.php"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/lastudio-element-kit/trunk/includes/extensions/albums/widget-templates/player/global/index.php#L26"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/lastudio-element-kit/trunk/includes/base/class-widget-base.php#L118"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/lastudio-element-kit/trunk/includes/base/class-widget-base.php#L141"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3194361%40lastudio-element-kit\u0026new=3194361%40lastudio-element-kit\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
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"time": "2024-11-22T00:00:00.000Z",
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}
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CVE-2024-10898 (GCVE-0-2024-10898)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-21 02:06 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:26
VLAI
Title
Contact Form 7 Email Add on <= 1.9 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion
Summary
The Contact Form 7 Email Add on plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.9 via the cf7_email_add_on_add_admin_template() function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to include and execute arbitrary PHP files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where php files can be uploaded and included.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CWE
- CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| krishaweb | Email addon for CF7 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.9
(semver)
|
Credits
{
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{
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{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:krishaweb:contact_form_7_email_add_on:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "contact_form_7_email_add_on",
"vendor": "krishaweb",
"versions": [
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"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
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}
],
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"timestamp": "2024-11-21T14:47:49.458536Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
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"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
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"vendor": "krishaweb",
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],
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"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "ngocanh le"
}
],
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}
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"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
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},
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},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/cf7-email-add-on/tags/1.9/include/class-cf7-email.php#L110"
},
{
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}
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CVE-2024-11289 (GCVE-0-2024-11289)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-06 09:22 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:09
VLAI
Title
Soledad <= 8.5.9 - Unauthenticated Limited Local File Inclusion
Summary
The Soledad theme for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 8.5.9 via several functions like penci_archive_more_post_ajax_func, penci_more_post_ajax_func, and penci_more_featured_post_ajax_func. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to include and execute PHP files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where PHP files can be uploaded and included. The exploitability of this is limited to Windows.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CWE
- CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| pencidesign | Soledad |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 8.5.9
(semver)
|
Credits
{
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"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:pencidesign:soledad:*:*:*:*:*:wordpress:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "soledad",
"vendor": "pencidesign",
"versions": [
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}
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}
],
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"timestamp": "2024-12-06T16:36:36.545839Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
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"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
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"vendor": "pencidesign",
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"type": "finder",
"value": "Friderika Baranyai"
}
],
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}
],
"metrics": [
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"baseScore": 8.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:09:26.985Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/927674db-05f1-4f3b-8297-8a907955ea87?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://themeforest.net/item/soledad-multiconcept-blogmagazine-wp-theme/12945398"
}
],
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"time": "2024-12-05T00:00:00.000Z",
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}
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"datePublished": "2024-12-06T09:22:59.584Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-11-15T20:44:20.830Z",
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CVE-2024-11429 (GCVE-0-2024-11429)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-05 05:26 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:58
VLAI
Title
Free Responsive Testimonials, Social Proof Reviews, and Customer Reviews – Stars Testimonials <= 3.3.3 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion
Summary
The Free Responsive Testimonials, Social Proof Reviews, and Customer Reviews – Stars Testimonials plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.3 via the 'stars-testimonials-with-slider-and-masonry-grid' shortcode. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to include and execute arbitrary PHP files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where PHP files can be uploaded and included.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CWE
- CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| premio | Stars Testimonials — Responsive Reviews & Star Ratings |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.3.3
(semver)
|
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:premio:testimonials:-:*:*:*:*:wordpress:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "testimonials",
"vendor": "premio",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "3.3.3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
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},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-12-05T11:28:18.672349Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-12-05T11:30:28.747Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
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"product": "Stars Testimonials \u2014 Responsive Reviews \u0026 Star Ratings",
"vendor": "premio",
"versions": [
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"lessThanOrEqual": "3.3.3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Peter Thaleikis"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Free Responsive Testimonials, Social Proof Reviews, and Customer Reviews \u2013 Stars Testimonials plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.3 via the \u0027stars-testimonials-with-slider-and-masonry-grid\u0027 shortcode. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to include and execute arbitrary PHP files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where PHP files can be uploaded and included."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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}
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"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/68250b6c-22c8-494f-b0b0-62b80cc4de0c?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/stars-testimonials-with-slider-and-masonry-grid/tags/3.3.2/plugin.class.php#L1368"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/stars-testimonials-with-slider-and-masonry-grid/trunk/plugin.class.php#L1368"
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"timeline": [
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"lang": "en",
"time": "2024-12-04T16:25:19.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "Free Responsive Testimonials, Social Proof Reviews, and Customer Reviews \u2013 Stars Testimonials \u003c= 3.3.3 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-11429",
"datePublished": "2024-12-05T05:26:10.257Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-11-19T15:43:20.051Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T16:58:23.605Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
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CVE-2024-12040 (GCVE-0-2024-12040)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-12 05:24 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:38
VLAI
Title
Product Carousel Slider & Grid Ultimate for WooCommerce <= 1.9.10 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion via 'theme'
Summary
The Product Carousel Slider & Grid Ultimate for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.9.10 via the 'theme' attribute of the `wcpcsu` shortcode. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to include and execute arbitrary files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where images and other “safe” file types can be uploaded and included.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CWE
- CWE-98 - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| wpwax | Product Carousel Slider & Grid Ultimate for WooCommerce |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.9.10
(semver)
|
Credits
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"content": {
"id": "CVE-2024-12040",
"options": [
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"Exploitation": "none"
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"Automatable": "no"
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"Technical Impact": "total"
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"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-12-12T14:55:16.998971Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
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"cna": {
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"value": "Youcef Hamdani"
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"value": "The Product Carousel Slider \u0026 Grid Ultimate for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.9.10 via the \u0027theme\u0027 attribute of the `wcpcsu` shortcode. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to include and execute arbitrary files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where images and other \u201csafe\u201d file types can be uploaded and included."
}
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"metrics": [
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"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
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"problemTypes": [
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"descriptions": [
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"cweId": "CWE-98",
"description": "CWE-98 Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program (\u0027PHP Remote File Inclusion\u0027)",
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"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
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"references": [
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"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/1c22de8c-e6e1-4b85-8d9f-619e9f63129e?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3203986/woo-product-carousel-slider-and-grid-ultimate/tags/1.10.0/includes/classes/class-shortcode.php"
}
],
"timeline": [
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"time": "2024-12-11T00:00:00.000Z",
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"datePublished": "2024-12-12T05:24:19.745Z",
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Mitigation ID: MIT-4
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent lists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation ID: MIT-34
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation ID: MIT-6
Phases: Architecture and Design, Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Mitigation ID: MIT-29
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Description:
- Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation
Phases: Operation, Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Develop and run your code in the most recent versions of PHP available, preferably PHP 6 or later. Many of the highly risky features in earlier PHP interpreters have been removed, restricted, or disabled by default.
Mitigation ID: MIT-16
Phases: Operation, Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
- Often, programmers do not protect direct access to files intended only to be included by core programs. These include files may assume that critical variables have already been initialized by the calling program. As a result, the use of register_globals combined with the ability to directly access the include file may allow attackers to conduct file inclusion attacks. This remains an extremely common pattern as of 2009.
Mitigation
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Set allow_url_fopen to false, which limits the ability to include files from remote locations.
CAPEC-193: PHP Remote File Inclusion
In this pattern the adversary is able to load and execute arbitrary code remotely available from the application. This is usually accomplished through an insecurely configured PHP runtime environment and an improperly sanitized "include" or "require" call, which the user can then control to point to any web-accessible file. This allows adversaries to hijack the targeted application and force it to execute their own instructions.