CWE-1021
AllowedImproper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The web application does not restrict or incorrectly restricts frame objects or UI layers that belong to another application or domain.
452 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-F257-M4RP-7242
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:52 – Updated: 2025-04-09 03:55Unspecified vulnerability in Opera before 9.5 allows remote attackers to spoof the contents of trusted frames on the same parent page by modifying the location, which can facilitate phishing attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-2716"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-06-16T22:41:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Unspecified vulnerability in Opera before 9.5 allows remote attackers to spoof the contents of trusted frames on the same parent page by modifying the location, which can facilitate phishing attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-f257-m4rp-7242",
"modified": "2025-04-09T03:55:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:52:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-2716"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/43033"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2008-06/msg00005.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/30636"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/30682"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.opera.com/docs/changelogs/linux/950/#security"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.opera.com/docs/changelogs/windows/950/#security"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.opera.com/support/search/view/885"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/29684"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1020292"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/1812"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-F6P3-GC9F-3R6W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:35 – Updated: 2023-01-09 18:30The issue was addressed with improved UI handling. This issue is fixed in watchOS 7.0, Safari 14.0, iOS 14.0 and iPadOS 14.0. Visiting a malicious website may lead to address bar spoofing.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-9993"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-08T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The issue was addressed with improved UI handling. This issue is fixed in watchOS 7.0, Safari 14.0, iOS 14.0 and iPadOS 14.0. Visiting a malicious website may lead to address bar spoofing.",
"id": "GHSA-f6p3-gc9f-3r6w",
"modified": "2023-01-09T18:30:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:35:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-9993"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211844"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211845"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211850"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F7C4-9MMJ-8W4V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-14 15:32 – Updated: 2024-11-14 15:32An issue was discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 17.2 prior to 17.3.7, starting from 17.4 prior to 17.4.4 and starting from 17.5 prior to 17.5.2, which could have allowed an attacker gaining full API access as the victim via the Device OAuth flow.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-7404"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-14T13:15:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 17.2 prior to 17.3.7, starting from 17.4 prior to 17.4.4 and starting from 17.5 prior to 17.5.2, which could have allowed an attacker gaining full API access as the victim via the Device OAuth flow.",
"id": "GHSA-f7c4-9mmj-8w4v",
"modified": "2024-11-14T15:32:16Z",
"published": "2024-11-14T15:32:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7404"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2627925"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2024/11/13/patch-release-gitlab-17-5-2-released/#device-oauth-flow-allows-for-cross-window-forgery"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/476670"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F7JH-6CQ4-46PQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-15 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-25 00:01A vulnerability has been identified in SINEMA Remote Connect Server (All versions < V3.0 SP2). Affected application is missing general HTTP security headers in the web server configured on port 6220. This could aid attackers by making the servers more prone to clickjacking, channel downgrade attacks and other similar client-based attack vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-27220"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-14T10:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SINEMA Remote Connect Server (All versions \u003c V3.0 SP2). Affected application is missing general HTTP security headers in the web server configured on port 6220. This could aid attackers by making the servers more prone to clickjacking, channel downgrade attacks and other similar client-based attack vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-f7jh-6cq4-46pq",
"modified": "2022-06-25T00:01:03Z",
"published": "2022-06-15T00:00:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27220"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-911567.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F87G-R63W-Q629
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-24 00:00 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:12Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames in GitHub repository notrinos/notrinoserp prior to 0.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-2965"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-23T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames in GitHub repository notrinos/notrinoserp prior to 0.7.",
"id": "GHSA-f87g-r63w-q629",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:12:29Z",
"published": "2022-08-24T00:00:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2965"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/notrinos/notrinoserp/commit/c2ff3d8e85a811003b796ca38f5b3290deeaa3aa"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/61e3bdf7-3548-45ea-b105-967abc0977f4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F933-W8Q2-6QCR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-06 21:31 – Updated: 2026-05-07 01:05Inappropriate implementation in MHTML in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.96 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI gestures to leak cross-origin data via a crafted MHTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-8022"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021",
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-06T19:16:53Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Inappropriate implementation in MHTML in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.96 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI gestures to leak cross-origin data via a crafted MHTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)",
"id": "GHSA-f933-w8q2-6qcr",
"modified": "2026-05-07T01:05:55Z",
"published": "2026-05-06T21:31:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-8022"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/05/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/499194407"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F959-GGJ2-2Q4J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:10 – Updated: 2023-08-08 15:31A vulnerability in the web UI of Gurock TestRail v5.3.0.3603 could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to affect the integrity of a device via a clickjacking attack. The vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation of iFrame data in HTTP requests that are sent to an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted HTTP packets with malicious iFrame data. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to perform a clickjacking attack where the user is tricked into clicking a malicious link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-37788"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021",
"CWE-20"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-09T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web UI of Gurock TestRail v5.3.0.3603 could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to affect the integrity of a device via a clickjacking attack. The vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation of iFrame data in HTTP requests that are sent to an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted HTTP packets with malicious iFrame data. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to perform a clickjacking attack where the user is tricked into clicking a malicious link.",
"id": "GHSA-f959-ggj2-2q4j",
"modified": "2023-08-08T15:31:19Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:10:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-37788"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/rvismit/67bc11dd9ccb7423827564cb81d25740"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F9F6-C28R-CFR2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-02 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-06 06:30In writeToParcel of WindowInfo.cpp, there is a possible way to trick a user into accepting a permission due to a tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-0007"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-02T19:16:29Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In writeToParcel of WindowInfo.cpp, there is a possible way to trick a user into accepting a permission due to a tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-f9f6-c28r-cfr2",
"modified": "2026-03-06T06:30:30Z",
"published": "2026-03-02T21:31:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0007"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2026/2026-03-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2026-03-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FCR8-4R9F-R66M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-17 16:29 – Updated: 2025-01-17 21:56Impact
Enabling frame-ancestors: 'self' grants any JupyterHub user the ability to extract formgrader content by sending malicious links to users with access to formgrader, at least when using the default JupyterHub configuration of enable_subdomains = False.
1915 disables a protection which would allow user Alice to craft a page embedding formgrader in an IFrame. If Bob visits that page, his credentials will be sent and the formgrader page loaded. Because Alice's page is on the same Origin as the formgrader iframe, Javasript on Alice's page has full access to the contents of the page served by formgrader using Bob's credentials.
Workarounds
- Disable
frame-ancestors: self, or - enable per-user and per-service subdomains with
JupyterHub.enable_subdomains = True(then even if embedding in an IFrame is allowed, the host page does not have access to the contents of the frame).
References
JupyterHub documentation on why and when frame-ancestors: self is insecure, and why it was disabled by default: https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/stable/explanation/websecurity.html#:~:text=frame-ancestors
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "nbgrader"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.9.4"
},
{
"fixed": "0.9.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"0.9.4"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-23205"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021",
"CWE-668"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-01-17T16:29:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-17T21:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nEnabling frame-ancestors: \u0027self\u0027 grants any JupyterHub user the ability to extract formgrader content by sending malicious links to users with access to formgrader, at least when using the default JupyterHub configuration of `enable_subdomains = False`.\n\n#1915 disables a protection which would allow user Alice to craft a page embedding formgrader in an IFrame. If Bob visits that page, his credentials will be sent and the formgrader page loaded. Because Alice\u0027s page is on the same Origin as the formgrader iframe, Javasript on Alice\u0027s page has _full access_ to the contents of the page served by formgrader using Bob\u0027s credentials.\n\n### Workarounds\n\n- Disable `frame-ancestors: self`, or\n- enable per-user and per-service subdomains with `JupyterHub.enable_subdomains = True` (then even if embedding in an IFrame is allowed, the host page does not have access to the contents of the frame).\n\n### References\n\nJupyterHub documentation on why and when `frame-ancestors: self` is insecure, and why it was disabled by default: https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/stable/explanation/websecurity.html#:~:text=frame-ancestors",
"id": "GHSA-fcr8-4r9f-r66m",
"modified": "2025-01-17T21:56:51Z",
"published": "2025-01-17T16:29:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyter/nbgrader/security/advisories/GHSA-fcr8-4r9f-r66m"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23205"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyter/nbgrader/pull/1915"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyter/nbgrader/commit/73e137511ac1dc02e95790d4fd6d4d88dab42325"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyter/nbgrader"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/stable/explanation/websecurity.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "nbgrader\u0027s `frame-ancestors: self` grants all users access to formgrader"
}
GHSA-FCW5-X6J4-CCMP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-18 15:04 – Updated: 2026-06-18 15:04The nbconvert HTTP handlers in jupyter_server render user-authored notebook HTML under the Jupyter origin without a sandbox directive in their Content-Security-Policy.
Combined with nbconvert.HTMLExporter's default non-sanitizing behavior, a notebook carrying an HTML payload in a display_data output triggers stored XSS with cookie access, full /api/* authority, and kernel RCE.
Impact
An authenticated victim who navigates to /nbconvert/html/<path> containing attacker-authored output can have their token exfiltrated to another domain because it is executed in the Jupyter origin.
Patches
Fixed in v2.20.0, commit 6cbee8d
Workarounds
For deployments where editing the installed jupyter_server is impractical (containerized builds, read-only images), adding this to jupyter_server_config.py has the same effect as the patch above without touching source files:
import jupyter_server.nbconvert.handlers as _nb
def _csp(self):
return super(type(self), self).content_security_policy + "; sandbox allow-scripts"
_nb.NbconvertFileHandler.content_security_policy = property(_csp)
_nb.NbconvertPostHandler.content_security_policy = property(_csp)
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.19.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "jupyter-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.20.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-44727"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021",
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-18T15:04:07Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The nbconvert HTTP handlers in jupyter_server render user-authored notebook HTML under the Jupyter origin without a sandbox directive in their `Content-Security-Policy`. \n\nCombined with `nbconvert.HTMLExporter`\u0027s default non-sanitizing behavior, a notebook carrying an HTML payload in a display_data output triggers stored XSS with cookie access, full /api/* authority, and kernel RCE.\n\n### Impact\n\nAn authenticated victim who navigates to `/nbconvert/html/\u003cpath\u003e` containing attacker-authored output can have their token exfiltrated to another domain because it is executed in the Jupyter origin.\n\n### Patches\n\nFixed in v2.20.0, commit [6cbee8d](https://github.com/jupyter-server/jupyter_server/commit/6cbee8d65e71abac851c4492fea987ad080580bd)\n\n\n### Workarounds\n\nFor deployments where editing the installed jupyter_server is impractical (containerized builds, read-only images), adding this to jupyter_server_config.py has the same effect as the patch above without touching source files:\n\n```\nimport jupyter_server.nbconvert.handlers as _nb\n\ndef _csp(self):\n return super(type(self), self).content_security_policy + \"; sandbox allow-scripts\"\n\n_nb.NbconvertFileHandler.content_security_policy = property(_csp)\n_nb.NbconvertPostHandler.content_security_policy = property(_csp)\n```",
"id": "GHSA-fcw5-x6j4-ccmp",
"modified": "2026-06-18T15:04:07Z",
"published": "2026-06-18T15:04:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyter-server/jupyter_server/security/advisories/GHSA-fcw5-x6j4-ccmp"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyter-server/jupyter_server/commit/6cbee8d65e71abac851c4492fea987ad080580bd"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyter-server/jupyter_server"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Jupyter Server: Stored XSS in `NbconvertFileHandler` / `NbconvertPostHandler` via missing `sandbox` CSP "
}
Mitigation
- The use of X-Frame-Options allows developers of web content to restrict the usage of their application within the form of overlays, frames, or iFrames. The developer can indicate from which domains can frame the content.
- The concept of X-Frame-Options is well documented, but implementation of this protection mechanism is in development to cover gaps. There is a need for allowing frames from multiple domains.
Mitigation
- A developer can use a "frame-breaker" script in each page that should not be framed. This is very helpful for legacy browsers that do not support X-Frame-Options security feature previously mentioned.
- It is also important to note that this tactic has been circumvented or bypassed. Improper usage of frames can persist in the web application through nested frames. The "frame-breaking" script does not intuitively account for multiple nested frames that can be presented to the user.
Mitigation
This defense-in-depth technique can be used to prevent the improper usage of frames in web applications. It prioritizes the valid sources of data to be loaded into the application through the usage of declarative policies. Based on which implementation of Content Security Policy is in use, the developer should use the "frame-ancestors" directive or the "frame-src" directive to mitigate this weakness. Both directives allow for the placement of restrictions when it comes to allowing embedded content.
Mitigation
In addition to frames or iframes as previously mentioned, the web application is expected to place restrictions on whether it is allowed to be rendered within objects, embed, or applet elements.
CAPEC-103: Clickjacking
An adversary tricks a victim into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from a seemingly completely different, usually an adversary controlled or intended, system.
CAPEC-181: Flash File Overlay
An attacker creates a transparent overlay using flash in order to intercept user actions for the purpose of performing a clickjacking attack. In this technique, the Flash file provides a transparent overlay over HTML content. Because the Flash application is on top of the content, user actions, such as clicks, are caught by the Flash application rather than the underlying HTML. The action is then interpreted by the overlay to perform the actions the attacker wishes.
CAPEC-222: iFrame Overlay
In an iFrame overlay attack the victim is tricked into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from seemingly completely different system.
CAPEC-504: Task Impersonation
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, impersonates an expected or routine task in an attempt to steal sensitive information or leverage a user's privileges.
CAPEC-506: Tapjacking
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, displays an interface that misleads the user and convinces them to tap on an attacker desired location on the screen. This is often accomplished by overlaying one screen on top of another while giving the appearance of a single interface. There are two main techniques used to accomplish this. The first is to leverage transparent properties that allow taps on the screen to pass through the visible application to an application running in the background. The second is to strategically place a small object (e.g., a button or text field) on top of the visible screen and make it appear to be a part of the underlying application. In both cases, the user is convinced to tap on the screen but does not realize the application that they are interacting with.
CAPEC-587: Cross Frame Scripting (XFS)
This attack pattern combines malicious Javascript and a legitimate webpage loaded into a concealed iframe. The malicious Javascript is then able to interact with a legitimate webpage in a manner that is unknown to the user. This attack usually leverages some element of social engineering in that an attacker must convinces a user to visit a web page that the attacker controls.
CAPEC-654: Credential Prompt Impersonation
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, impersonates a credential prompt in an attempt to steal a user's credentials.