CWE-1021
AllowedImproper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The web application does not restrict or incorrectly restricts frame objects or UI layers that belong to another application or domain.
451 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-V3PH-2Q5Q-CG88
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-09 19:07 – Updated: 2025-06-09 21:44Summary
In the HAX site editor, users can create a website block to load another site in an iframe. The application allows users to supply a target URL in the website block. When the HAX site is visited, the client's browser will query the supplied URL.
Affected Resources
- Operations.php:868
https://<site>/<user>/system/api/saveNode
PoC
- Set the URL in an iframe pointing to an attacker-controlled server running Responder
- Once another user visits the site, they are prompted to sign in.
- If a user inputs credentials, the username and password hash are outputted in Responder.
Impact
An authenticated attacker can create a HAX site with a website block pointing at an attacker-controlled server running Responder or a similar tool. The attacker can then conduct a phishing attack by convincing another user to visit their malicious HAX site to harvest credentials.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@haxtheweb/haxcms-nodejs"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "11.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-49139"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-09T19:07:21Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-09T21:15:47Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nIn the HAX site editor, users can create a website block to load another site in an iframe. The application allows users to supply a target URL in the website block. When the HAX site is visited, the client\u0027s browser will query the supplied URL.\n\n### Affected Resources\n\n- [Operations.php:868](https://github.com/haxtheweb/haxcms-php/blob/master/system/backend/php/lib/Operations.php#L868)\n- `https://\u003csite\u003e/\u003cuser\u003e/system/api/saveNode`\n\n### PoC\n\n1. Set the URL in an iframe pointing to an attacker-controlled server running Responder\n\n\n\n2. Once another user visits the site, they are prompted to sign in.\n\n\n\n3. If a user inputs credentials, the username and password hash are outputted in Responder.\n\n\n\n### Impact\n\nAn authenticated attacker can create a HAX site with a website block pointing at an attacker-controlled server running Responder or a similar tool. The attacker can then conduct a phishing attack by convincing another user to visit their malicious HAX site to harvest credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-v3ph-2q5q-cg88",
"modified": "2025-06-09T21:44:07Z",
"published": "2025-06-09T19:07:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/haxtheweb/issues/security/advisories/GHSA-v3ph-2q5q-cg88"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49139"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/haxtheweb/haxcms-nodejs/commit/5368eb9b278ca47cd9a83b8d3e6216375615b8f5"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/haxtheweb/issues"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "@haxtheweb/haxcms-nodejs Iframe Phishing vulnerability"
}
GHSA-V42V-GMQW-HV7Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:11 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:11The MiCollab Client Service component in Mitel MiCollab before 9.3 could allow an attacker to perform a clickjacking attack due to an insecure header response. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to modify the browser header and redirect users.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-32070"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-13T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The MiCollab Client Service component in Mitel MiCollab before 9.3 could allow an attacker to perform a clickjacking attack due to an insecure header response. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to modify the browser header and redirect users.",
"id": "GHSA-v42v-gmqw-hv7q",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:11:05Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:11:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32070"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mitel.com/support/security-advisories"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mitel.com/support/security-advisories/mitel-product-security-advisory-21-0005"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-V6MW-975H-X9GW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-11 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-13 00:00Multiple vulnerabilities in the web interface of Cisco Webex Meetings could allow a remote attacker to conduct a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack or a frame hijacking attack against a user of the web interface. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-20852"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021",
"CWE-20"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-10T09:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in the web interface of Cisco Webex Meetings could allow a remote attacker to conduct a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack or a frame hijacking attack against a user of the web interface. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.",
"id": "GHSA-v6mw-975h-x9gw",
"modified": "2022-08-13T00:00:32Z",
"published": "2022-08-11T00:00:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20852"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-webex-xss-frmhijck-kO3wmkuS"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V93V-FXGX-33QF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-16 00:00 – Updated: 2021-12-18 00:01In onCreate of UsbPermissionActivity.java, there is a possible way to grant an app access to USB without informed user consent due to a tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-12Android ID: A-183610267
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1016"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-15T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In onCreate of UsbPermissionActivity.java, there is a possible way to grant an app access to USB without informed user consent due to a tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-12Android ID: A-183610267",
"id": "GHSA-v93v-fxgx-33qf",
"modified": "2021-12-18T00:01:18Z",
"published": "2021-12-16T00:00:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1016"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2021-12-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-V9RJ-M949-R3XX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-08 18:30 – Updated: 2022-12-12 18:30The response header has not enabled X-FRAME-OPTIONS, Which helps prevents against Clickjacking attack.. Some browsers would interpret these results incorrectly, allowing clickjacking attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3260"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-08T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The response header has not enabled X-FRAME-OPTIONS, Which helps prevents against Clickjacking attack.. Some browsers would interpret these results incorrectly, allowing clickjacking attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-v9rj-m949-r3xx",
"modified": "2022-12-12T18:30:29Z",
"published": "2022-12-08T18:30:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3260"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2106780"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VGG7-24RF-JCX7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-12 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-19 00:01An attacker could trick a user of Hitachi ABB Power Grids Ellipse Enterprise Asset Management (EAM) versions prior to and including 9.0.25 into visiting a malicious website posing as a login page for the Ellipse application and gather authentication credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-27414"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021",
"CWE-451"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-11T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An attacker could trick a user of Hitachi ABB Power Grids Ellipse Enterprise Asset Management (EAM) versions prior to and including 9.0.25 into visiting a malicious website posing as a login page for the Ellipse application and gather authentication credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-vgg7-24rf-jcx7",
"modified": "2022-03-19T00:01:19Z",
"published": "2022-03-12T00:00:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27414"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://search.abb.com/library/Download.aspx?DocumentID=9AKK107991A7777\u0026LanguageCode=en\u0026DocumentPartId=\u0026Action=Launch"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-21-061-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VHH4-6MXG-JM86
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-07 12:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:39Missing HTTP headers (X-Frame-Options, Content-Security-Policy) in KNIME Business Hub before 1.4.0 has left users vulnerable to click jacking. Clickjacking is an attack that occurs when an attacker uses a transparent iframe in a window to trick a user into clicking on an actionable item, such as a button or link, to another server in which they have an identical webpage. The attacker essentially hijacks the user activity intended for the original server and sends them to the other server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-3140"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-07T10:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing HTTP headers (X-Frame-Options, Content-Security-Policy) in KNIME\n Business Hub before 1.4.0 has left users vulnerable to click \njacking. Clickjacking is an attack that occurs when an attacker uses a \ntransparent iframe in a window to trick a user into clicking on an \nactionable item, such as a button or link, to another server in which \nthey have an identical webpage. The attacker essentially hijacks the \nuser activity intended for the original server and sends them to the \nother server.",
"id": "GHSA-vhh4-6mxg-jm86",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:39:15Z",
"published": "2023-06-07T12:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3140"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.knime.com/security/advisories#CVE-2023-3140"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VJ43-QMPM-3QQP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:11 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:11LedgerSMB does not sufficiently guard against being wrapped by other sites, making it vulnerable to 'clickjacking'. This allows an attacker to trick a targetted user to execute unintended actions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-3731"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-23T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "LedgerSMB does not sufficiently guard against being wrapped by other sites, making it vulnerable to \u0027clickjacking\u0027. This allows an attacker to trick a targetted user to execute unintended actions.",
"id": "GHSA-vj43-qmpm-3qqp",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:11:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:11:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3731"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/5664331d-f5f8-4412-8566-408f8655888a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ledgersmb.org/cve-2021-3731-clickjacking"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4962"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-VM87-5P79-RW78
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-24 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-22 15:31Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames vulnerability in Automattic Jetpack allows Clickjacking.This issue affects Jetpack: from n/a before 12.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-47774"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-24T16:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames vulnerability in Automattic Jetpack allows Clickjacking.This issue affects Jetpack: from n/a before 12.7.",
"id": "GHSA-vm87-5p79-rw78",
"modified": "2026-01-22T15:31:28Z",
"published": "2024-04-24T18:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47774"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/jetpack/wordpress-jetpack-plugin-12-7-contributor-iframe-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VMVX-M6XV-8FW6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-08 03:30 – Updated: 2025-01-08 03:30Cross-process screen stack vulnerability in the UIExtension module Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect service confidentiality.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-56435"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021",
"CWE-200"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-08T02:15:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cross-process screen stack vulnerability in the UIExtension module\nImpact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect service confidentiality.",
"id": "GHSA-vmvx-m6xv-8fw6",
"modified": "2025-01-08T03:30:23Z",
"published": "2025-01-08T03:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56435"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2025/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- The use of X-Frame-Options allows developers of web content to restrict the usage of their application within the form of overlays, frames, or iFrames. The developer can indicate from which domains can frame the content.
- The concept of X-Frame-Options is well documented, but implementation of this protection mechanism is in development to cover gaps. There is a need for allowing frames from multiple domains.
Mitigation
- A developer can use a "frame-breaker" script in each page that should not be framed. This is very helpful for legacy browsers that do not support X-Frame-Options security feature previously mentioned.
- It is also important to note that this tactic has been circumvented or bypassed. Improper usage of frames can persist in the web application through nested frames. The "frame-breaking" script does not intuitively account for multiple nested frames that can be presented to the user.
Mitigation
This defense-in-depth technique can be used to prevent the improper usage of frames in web applications. It prioritizes the valid sources of data to be loaded into the application through the usage of declarative policies. Based on which implementation of Content Security Policy is in use, the developer should use the "frame-ancestors" directive or the "frame-src" directive to mitigate this weakness. Both directives allow for the placement of restrictions when it comes to allowing embedded content.
Mitigation
In addition to frames or iframes as previously mentioned, the web application is expected to place restrictions on whether it is allowed to be rendered within objects, embed, or applet elements.
CAPEC-103: Clickjacking
An adversary tricks a victim into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from a seemingly completely different, usually an adversary controlled or intended, system.
CAPEC-181: Flash File Overlay
An attacker creates a transparent overlay using flash in order to intercept user actions for the purpose of performing a clickjacking attack. In this technique, the Flash file provides a transparent overlay over HTML content. Because the Flash application is on top of the content, user actions, such as clicks, are caught by the Flash application rather than the underlying HTML. The action is then interpreted by the overlay to perform the actions the attacker wishes.
CAPEC-222: iFrame Overlay
In an iFrame overlay attack the victim is tricked into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from seemingly completely different system.
CAPEC-504: Task Impersonation
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, impersonates an expected or routine task in an attempt to steal sensitive information or leverage a user's privileges.
CAPEC-506: Tapjacking
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, displays an interface that misleads the user and convinces them to tap on an attacker desired location on the screen. This is often accomplished by overlaying one screen on top of another while giving the appearance of a single interface. There are two main techniques used to accomplish this. The first is to leverage transparent properties that allow taps on the screen to pass through the visible application to an application running in the background. The second is to strategically place a small object (e.g., a button or text field) on top of the visible screen and make it appear to be a part of the underlying application. In both cases, the user is convinced to tap on the screen but does not realize the application that they are interacting with.
CAPEC-587: Cross Frame Scripting (XFS)
This attack pattern combines malicious Javascript and a legitimate webpage loaded into a concealed iframe. The malicious Javascript is then able to interact with a legitimate webpage in a manner that is unknown to the user. This attack usually leverages some element of social engineering in that an attacker must convinces a user to visit a web page that the attacker controls.
CAPEC-654: Credential Prompt Impersonation
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, impersonates a credential prompt in an attempt to steal a user's credentials.