CWE-125
AllowedOut-of-bounds Read
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
12313 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-XG8Q-RR62-82PP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-19 12:30 – Updated: 2026-07-24 15:32In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ksmbd: fix out-of-bounds read in smb_check_perm_dacl()
The permission-check ACE walk in smb_check_perm_dacl() validates the ACE header size and caps sid.num_subauth at SID_MAX_SUB_AUTHORITIES, but it never checks that ace->size is actually large enough to contain num_subauth sub-authorities before compare_sids() dereferences them.
CIFS_SID_BASE_SIZE covers the SID header up to but excluding the sub_auth[] array, and offsetof(struct smb_ace, sid) is the ACE header, so the existing guards only guarantee the 8-byte SID base, i.e. zero sub-authorities. compare_sids() then reads ace->sid.sub_auth[i] for i < min(local_sid->num_subauth, ace->sid.num_subauth). The local comparison SIDs (sid_everyone, sid_unix_NFS_mode, and the id_to_sid() result) always have at least one sub-authority, and an attacker controls the ACE revision and authority bytes (which lie within the in-bounds SID base), so they can match one of those SIDs and force the sub_auth read.
A crafted ACE with size == 16 and num_subauth >= 1 placed at the tail of the security descriptor therefore causes a heap out-of-bounds read of up to SID_MAX_SUB_AUTHORITIES * sizeof(__le32) bytes past the pntsd allocation. The security descriptor is loaded by ksmbd_vfs_get_sd_xattr() into a buffer sized exactly to the on-disk data (kzalloc(sd_size) in ndr_decode_v4_ntacl()), so the read lands past the allocation. The malformed descriptor can be stored verbatim via SMB2_SET_INFO (the DACL is not normalised before being written to the security.NTACL xattr) and the read fires on a subsequent SMB2_CREATE access check, making this reachable by an authenticated client on a share that uses ACL xattrs.
Add the missing num_subauth-versus-ace_size check, mirroring the identical guards already present in the sibling parsers parse_dacl() and smb_inherit_dacl().
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-53390"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-19T12:16:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nksmbd: fix out-of-bounds read in smb_check_perm_dacl()\n\nThe permission-check ACE walk in smb_check_perm_dacl() validates the ACE\nheader size and caps sid.num_subauth at SID_MAX_SUB_AUTHORITIES, but it\nnever checks that ace-\u003esize is actually large enough to contain\nnum_subauth sub-authorities before compare_sids() dereferences them.\n\nCIFS_SID_BASE_SIZE covers the SID header up to but excluding the\nsub_auth[] array, and offsetof(struct smb_ace, sid) is the ACE header,\nso the existing guards only guarantee the 8-byte SID base, i.e. zero\nsub-authorities. compare_sids() then reads ace-\u003esid.sub_auth[i] for\ni \u003c min(local_sid-\u003enum_subauth, ace-\u003esid.num_subauth). The local\ncomparison SIDs (sid_everyone, sid_unix_NFS_mode, and the id_to_sid()\nresult) always have at least one sub-authority, and an attacker controls\nthe ACE revision and authority bytes (which lie within the in-bounds SID\nbase), so they can match one of those SIDs and force the sub_auth read.\n\nA crafted ACE with size == 16 and num_subauth \u003e= 1 placed at the tail of\nthe security descriptor therefore causes a heap out-of-bounds read of up\nto SID_MAX_SUB_AUTHORITIES * sizeof(__le32) bytes past the pntsd\nallocation. The security descriptor is loaded by ksmbd_vfs_get_sd_xattr()\ninto a buffer sized exactly to the on-disk data (kzalloc(sd_size) in\nndr_decode_v4_ntacl()), so the read lands past the allocation. The\nmalformed descriptor can be stored verbatim via SMB2_SET_INFO (the DACL\nis not normalised before being written to the security.NTACL xattr) and\nthe read fires on a subsequent SMB2_CREATE access check, making this\nreachable by an authenticated client on a share that uses ACL xattrs.\n\nAdd the missing num_subauth-versus-ace_size check, mirroring the\nidentical guards already present in the sibling parsers parse_dacl() and\nsmb_inherit_dacl().",
"id": "GHSA-xg8q-rr62-82pp",
"modified": "2026-07-24T15:32:42Z",
"published": "2026-07-19T12:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53390"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1ef06004ed4bd6d3ed8c840d9d1a376b66d4935b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/36599894fa8536fefdf1e296c0af71b8b7226859"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7627ff8c4f9919f14de562b0160ab4ec9d80b1f7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/988c93d3bba066d8669143e6ec30bb2be9608d53"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c7488c85fd822959e9b5c22fbd9e7c8a21caf5e0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d5c81a095c86fe507c032d08f3a8cfc518444927"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e36e35660adb9b8ef1435ac359151dda5f094c55"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XG8R-6FGF-CRXR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:49 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:49This vulnerability allows local attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Parallels Desktop 15.1.5-47309. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute high-privileged code on the target guest system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the IDE virtual device. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of the hypervisor. Was ZDI-CAN-13190.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-31432"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-29T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows local attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Parallels Desktop 15.1.5-47309. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute high-privileged code on the target guest system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the IDE virtual device. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of the hypervisor. Was ZDI-CAN-13190.",
"id": "GHSA-xg8r-6fgf-crxr",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:49:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:49:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31432"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.parallels.com/en/125013"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-440"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-XG9P-HHC9-47Q5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:42 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:42The LLDP parser in tcpdump before 4.9.2 has a buffer over-read in print-lldp.c:lldp_mgmt_addr_tlv_print().
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-13027"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-09-14T06:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The LLDP parser in tcpdump before 4.9.2 has a buffer over-read in print-lldp.c:lldp_mgmt_addr_tlv_print().",
"id": "GHSA-xg9p-hhc9-47q5",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:42:55Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:42:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-13027"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/the-tcpdump-group/tcpdump/commit/a77ff09c46560bc895dea11dc9fe643486b056ac"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHEA-2018:0705"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201709-23"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT208221"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-3971"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1039307"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.tcpdump.org/tcpdump-changes.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XGGP-8VGQ-QRWX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:46 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:46Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2019.010.20098 and earlier, 2019.010.20098 and earlier, 2017.011.30127 and earlier version, and 2015.006.30482 and earlier have an out-of-bounds read vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to information disclosure .
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-7122"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-05-23T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2019.010.20098 and earlier, 2019.010.20098 and earlier, 2017.011.30127 and earlier version, and 2015.006.30482 and earlier have an out-of-bounds read vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to information disclosure .",
"id": "GHSA-xggp-8vgq-qrwx",
"modified": "2024-04-04T00:46:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:46:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-7122"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb19-17.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XGMG-76MG-XW4G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:00 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:36RDesktop version 1.8.4 contains multiple out-of-bound access read vulnerabilities in its code, which results in a denial of service (DoS) condition. This attack appear to be exploitable via network connectivity. These issues have been fixed in version 1.8.5
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-15682"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-10-30T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "RDesktop version 1.8.4 contains multiple out-of-bound access read vulnerabilities in its code, which results in a denial of service (DoS) condition. This attack appear to be exploitable via network connectivity. These issues have been fixed in version 1.8.5",
"id": "GHSA-xgmg-76mg-xw4g",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:36:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:00:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-15682"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.kaspersky.com/advisories/klcert-advisories/2019/10/30/klcert-19-032-denial-of-service-in-rdesktop-before-1-8-4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XGMV-27H3-874R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:43 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:43A code execution vulnerability exists in the Nef polygon-parsing functionality of CGAL libcgal CGAL-5.1.1. An oob read vulnerability exists in Nef_2/PM_io_parser.h PM_io_parser::read_vertex() Face_of[] OOB read. An attacker can provide malicious input to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-28601"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-04T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A code execution vulnerability exists in the Nef polygon-parsing functionality of CGAL libcgal CGAL-5.1.1. An oob read vulnerability exists in Nef_2/PM_io_parser.h PM_io_parser::read_vertex() Face_of[] OOB read. An attacker can provide malicious input to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-xgmv-27h3-874r",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:43:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:43:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28601"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/05/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/12/msg00011.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/E4J344OKKDLPRN422OYRR46HDEN6MM6P"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NB5SF5OJR2DSV7CC6U7FVW5VJSJO5EKV"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202305-34"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2020-1225"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XGQH-HV6X-QPPM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:08 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:08There is an invalid memory access in the function GfxIndexedColorSpace::mapColorToBase() located in GfxState.cc in Xpdf 4.0.0, as used in pdfalto 0.2. It can be triggered by (for example) sending a crafted pdf file to the pdftops binary. It allows an attacker to cause Denial of Service (Segmentation fault) or possibly have unspecified other impact.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-9878"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-03-21T16:01:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "There is an invalid memory access in the function GfxIndexedColorSpace::mapColorToBase() located in GfxState.cc in Xpdf 4.0.0, as used in pdfalto 0.2. It can be triggered by (for example) sending a crafted pdf file to the pdftops binary. It allows an attacker to cause Denial of Service (Segmentation fault) or possibly have unspecified other impact.",
"id": "GHSA-xgqh-hv6x-qppm",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:08:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:08:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9878"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kermitt2/pdfalto/issues/46"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://research.loginsoft.com/bugs/invalid-memory-access-in-gfxindexedcolorspacemapcolortobase-pdfalto-0-2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XGV8-VX7R-X752
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-14 21:30 – Updated: 2024-02-23 21:30An out-of-bounds read flaw was found in the parse_module function in bfd/vms-alpha.c in Binutils.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25584"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-14T21:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds read flaw was found in the parse_module function in bfd/vms-alpha.c in Binutils.",
"id": "GHSA-xgv8-vx7r-x752",
"modified": "2024-02-23T21:30:47Z",
"published": "2023-09-14T21:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25584"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-25584"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2167467"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20231103-0002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceware.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=binutils-gdb.git;h=77c225bdeb410cf60da804879ad41622f5f1aa44"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XGW2-JW8V-C2PM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:20 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:20Possible buffer over read due to improper IE size check of Bearer capability IE in MT setup request from network in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1981"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-12T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Possible buffer over read due to improper IE size check of Bearer capability IE in MT setup request from network in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile",
"id": "GHSA-xgw2-jw8v-c2pm",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:20:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:20:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1981"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/november-2021-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-XGW2-QR4G-MXVG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:49 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:13In save_attr_seq of sdp_discovery.cc, there is a possible out-of-bound read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: Android-7.0 Android-7.1.1 Android-7.1.2 Android-8.0 Android-8.1 Android-9. Android ID: A-117105007.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-2116"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-08T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In save_attr_seq of sdp_discovery.cc, there is a possible out-of-bound read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: Android-7.0 Android-7.1.1 Android-7.1.2 Android-8.0 Android-8.1 Android-9. Android ID: A-117105007.",
"id": "GHSA-xgw2-qr4g-mxvg",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:13:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:49:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-2116"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2019-07-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Strategy: Language Selection
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers
An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.