Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-125
AllowedOut-of-bounds Read
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
11727 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3975-PF2X-843G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-27 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30
VLAI
Details
The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14. An attacker may be able to cause unexpected system termination or read kernel memory.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-40436"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-27T15:19:15Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14. An attacker may be able to cause unexpected system termination or read kernel memory.",
"id": "GHSA-3975-pf2x-843g",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:41Z",
"published": "2023-09-27T15:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40436"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213940"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213940"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Oct/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-398P-2VFW-CH77
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-19 18:31 – Updated: 2026-08-11 21:32
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
iommu/amd: Remove latent out-of-bounds access in IOMMU debugfs
In iommu_mmio_write() and iommu_capability_write(), the variables dbg_mmio_offset and dbg_cap_offset are declared as int. However, they are populated using kstrtou32_from_user(). If a user provides a sufficiently large value, it can become a negative integer.
Prior to this patch, the AMD IOMMU debugfs implementation was already protected by different mechanisms.
-
define OFS_IN_SZ 8 ensures the user string <= 8 bytes, so
e.g. 0xffffffff isn't a valid input.
if (cnt > OFS_IN_SZ) return -EINVAL;
- Implicit type promotion in iommu_mmio_write(), dbg_mmio_offset is int and iommu->mmio_phys_end is u64
if (dbg_mmio_offset > iommu->mmio_phys_end - sizeof(u64)) return -EINVAL;
- The show handlers would currently catch the negative number and refuse to perform the read.
Replace kstrtou32_from_user() with kstrtos32_from_user() to parse the input, and check for negative values to explicitly prevent out-of-bounds memory accesses directly in iommu_mmio_write() and iommu_capability_write().
Severity
7.1 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-64186"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-19T16:18:01Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\niommu/amd: Remove latent out-of-bounds access in IOMMU debugfs\n\nIn iommu_mmio_write() and iommu_capability_write(), the variables\ndbg_mmio_offset and dbg_cap_offset are declared as int. However, they\nare populated using kstrtou32_from_user(). If a user provides a\nsufficiently large value, it can become a negative integer.\n\nPrior to this patch, the AMD IOMMU debugfs implementation was already\nprotected by different mechanisms.\n\n1. #define OFS_IN_SZ 8 ensures the user string \u003c= 8 bytes, so\n e.g. 0xffffffff isn\u0027t a valid input.\n\n if (cnt \u003e OFS_IN_SZ)\n return -EINVAL;\n\n2. Implicit type promotion in iommu_mmio_write(), dbg_mmio_offset is int\n and iommu-\u003emmio_phys_end is u64\n\n if (dbg_mmio_offset \u003e iommu-\u003emmio_phys_end - sizeof(u64))\n return -EINVAL;\n\n3. The show handlers would currently catch the negative number and\n refuse to perform the read.\n\nReplace kstrtou32_from_user() with kstrtos32_from_user() to parse the\ninput, and check for negative values to explicitly prevent out-of-bounds\nmemory accesses directly in iommu_mmio_write() and\niommu_capability_write().",
"id": "GHSA-398p-2vfw-ch77",
"modified": "2026-08-11T21:32:24Z",
"published": "2026-07-19T18:31:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-64186"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/488d2c76bd9f78433a70690d1054bfae3d39a407"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/62f9dfbf1aceae88b03c5ca08f7d36e943939dec"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8dfd3d8d74435344ee8dc9237596959c8b2a6cbe"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3993-5R92-H3RG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-13 18:30 – Updated: 2023-11-13 18:30
VLAI
Details
An improper input validation in saped_rec_silence in libsaped prior to SMR Nov-2023 Release 1 allows attacker to cause out-of-bounds read and write.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-42538"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-07T08:15:19Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An improper input validation in saped_rec_silence in libsaped prior to SMR Nov-2023 Release 1 allows attacker to cause out-of-bounds read and write.",
"id": "GHSA-3993-5r92-h3rg",
"modified": "2023-11-13T18:30:59Z",
"published": "2023-11-13T18:30:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42538"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb?year=2023\u0026month=11"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-399F-937R-FWR9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-12 12:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:03
VLAI
Details
Adobe Media Encoder versions 22.0, 15.4.2 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious 3GP ?file
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-43757"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-12T12:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Media Encoder versions 22.0, 15.4.2 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious 3GP ?file",
"id": "GHSA-399f-937r-fwr9",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:03:52Z",
"published": "2023-07-12T12:31:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43757"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/media-encoder/apsb21-118.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-399H-RRQC-RPGV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-01 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-26 15:30
VLAI
Details
When reading an HTTP response from a server, if no read amount is specified, the default behavior will be to use Content-Length. This allows a malicious server to cause the client to read large amounts of data into memory, potentially causing OOM or other DoS.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-13836"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-01T18:16:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "When reading an HTTP response from a server, if no read amount is specified, the default behavior will be to use Content-Length. This allows a malicious server to cause the client to read large amounts of data into memory, potentially causing OOM or other DoS.",
"id": "GHSA-399h-rrqc-rpgv",
"modified": "2026-01-26T15:30:30Z",
"published": "2025-12-01T18:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13836"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/119451"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/119454"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/14b1fdb0a94b96f86fc7b86671ea9582b8676628"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/289f29b0fe38baf2d7cb5854f4bb573cc34a6a15"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/4ce27904b597c77d74dd93f2c912676021a99155"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/5a4c4a033a4a54481be6870aa1896fad732555b5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/5dc101675fd22918facbbe0fecdc821502beaaf0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/afc40bdd3dd71f343fd9016f6d8eebbacbd6587c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mail.python.org/archives/list/security-announce@python.org/thread/OQ6G7MKRQIS3OAREC3HNG3D2DPOU34XO"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-39C5-GVMJ-R7C2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-11 21:33 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:34
VLAI
Details
In ProtocolEmbmsGlobalCellIdAdapter::Init() of protocolembmsadapter.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote information disclosure with baseband firmware compromise required. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-35647"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-11T20:15:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In ProtocolEmbmsGlobalCellIdAdapter::Init() of protocolembmsadapter.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote information disclosure with baseband firmware compromise required. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-39c5-gvmj-r7c2",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:34:47Z",
"published": "2023-10-11T21:33:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-35647"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2023-10-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-39C8-XRQG-GQ92
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:28 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:28
VLAI
Details
Incorrect texture handling in Angle in Google Chrome prior to 70.0.3538.67 allowed a remote attacker to perform an out of bounds memory read via a crafted HTML page.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-17466"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-11-14T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Incorrect texture handling in Angle in Google Chrome prior to 70.0.3538.67 allowed a remote attacker to perform an out of bounds memory read via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-39c8-xrqg-gq92",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:28:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:28:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-17466"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3831"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3833"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0159"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0160"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2018/10/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/880906"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/12/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201811-10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3844-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3868-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4330"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4354"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4362"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105666"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106168"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-39CX-43VF-MHH2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:15 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:15
VLAI
Details
ngiflib.c in MiniUPnP ngiflib 0.4 has a heap-based buffer over-read in GifIndexToTrueColor.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-11576"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-05-31T00:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "ngiflib.c in MiniUPnP ngiflib 0.4 has a heap-based buffer over-read in GifIndexToTrueColor.",
"id": "GHSA-39cx-43vf-mhh2",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:15:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:15:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11576"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/miniupnp/ngiflib/issues/6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Edward-L/fuzzing-pocs/tree/master/ngiflib"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-39FR-GW2C-2QGC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:31 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:31
VLAI
Details
PDF-XChange Editor U3D File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of PDF-XChange Editor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of U3D files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-20943.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-42063"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T03:15:41Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PDF-XChange Editor U3D File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of PDF-XChange Editor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of U3D files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-20943.",
"id": "GHSA-39fr-gw2c-2qgc",
"modified": "2024-05-03T03:31:01Z",
"published": "2024-05-03T03:31:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42063"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tracker-software.com/support/security-bulletins.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-1357"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-39FW-PJXJ-MXHH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-25 19:00 – Updated: 2022-10-27 19:00
VLAI
Details
A denial of service vulnerability exists in the web_server hashFirst functionality of Robustel R1510 3.1.16 and 3.3.0. A specially-crafted network request can lead to denial of service. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.The /action/import_firmware/ API is affected by command injection vulnerability.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-35266"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-20",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-25T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A denial of service vulnerability exists in the web_server hashFirst functionality of Robustel R1510 3.1.16 and 3.3.0. A specially-crafted network request can lead to denial of service. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.The `/action/import_firmware/` API is affected by command injection vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-39fw-pjxj-mxhh",
"modified": "2022-10-27T19:00:38Z",
"published": "2022-10-25T19:00:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35266"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2022-1575"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Language Selection
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers
An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.