CWE-125
AllowedOut-of-bounds Read
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
11543 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-5XWR-VWVM-VHH2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-08 18:34 – Updated: 2025-07-14 21:31A local code execution vulnerability exists in the Rockwell Automation Arena® due to a stack-based memory buffer overflow. The flaw is result of improper validation of user-supplied data. If exploited a threat actor can disclose information and execute arbitrary code on the system. To exploit the vulnerability a legitimate user must open a malicious DOE file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-3287"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-08T16:15:28Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A local code execution vulnerability exists in the Rockwell Automation\u00a0Arena\u00ae due to a stack-based memory buffer overflow. The flaw is result of improper validation of user-supplied data. If exploited a threat actor can disclose information and execute arbitrary code on the system. To exploit the vulnerability a legitimate user must open a malicious DOE file.",
"id": "GHSA-5xwr-vwvm-vhh2",
"modified": "2025-07-14T21:31:43Z",
"published": "2025-04-08T18:34:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3287"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.rockwellautomation.com/en-us/trust-center/security-advisories/advisory.SD1726.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6239-6F98-F8VF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-21 15:31 – Updated: 2025-04-30 15:30In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
kvm: avoid speculation-based attacks from out-of-range memslot accesses
KVM's mechanism for accessing guest memory translates a guest physical address (gpa) to a host virtual address using the right-shifted gpa (also known as gfn) and a struct kvm_memory_slot. The translation is performed in __gfn_to_hva_memslot using the following formula:
hva = slot->userspace_addr + (gfn - slot->base_gfn) * PAGE_SIZE
It is expected that gfn falls within the boundaries of the guest's physical memory. However, a guest can access invalid physical addresses in such a way that the gfn is invalid.
__gfn_to_hva_memslot is called from kvm_vcpu_gfn_to_hva_prot, which first retrieves a memslot through __gfn_to_memslot. While __gfn_to_memslot does check that the gfn falls within the boundaries of the guest's physical memory or not, a CPU can speculate the result of the check and continue execution speculatively using an illegal gfn. The speculation can result in calculating an out-of-bounds hva. If the resulting host virtual address is used to load another guest physical address, this is effectively a Spectre gadget consisting of two consecutive reads, the second of which is data dependent on the first.
Right now it's not clear if there are any cases in which this is exploitable. One interesting case was reported by the original author of this patch, and involves visiting guest page tables on x86. Right now these are not vulnerable because the hva read goes through get_user(), which contains an LFENCE speculation barrier. However, there are patches in progress for x86 uaccess.h to mask kernel addresses instead of using LFENCE; once these land, a guest could use speculation to read from the VMM's ring 3 address space. Other architectures such as ARM already use the address masking method, and would be susceptible to this same kind of data-dependent access gadgets. Therefore, this patch proactively protects from these attacks by masking out-of-bounds gfns in __gfn_to_hva_memslot, which blocks speculation of invalid hvas.
Sean Christopherson noted that this patch does not cover kvm_read_guest_offset_cached. This however is limited to a few bytes past the end of the cache, and therefore it is unlikely to be useful in the context of building a chain of data dependent accesses.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-47277"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-21T15:15:16Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nkvm: avoid speculation-based attacks from out-of-range memslot accesses\n\nKVM\u0027s mechanism for accessing guest memory translates a guest physical\naddress (gpa) to a host virtual address using the right-shifted gpa\n(also known as gfn) and a struct kvm_memory_slot. The translation is\nperformed in __gfn_to_hva_memslot using the following formula:\n\n hva = slot-\u003euserspace_addr + (gfn - slot-\u003ebase_gfn) * PAGE_SIZE\n\nIt is expected that gfn falls within the boundaries of the guest\u0027s\nphysical memory. However, a guest can access invalid physical addresses\nin such a way that the gfn is invalid.\n\n__gfn_to_hva_memslot is called from kvm_vcpu_gfn_to_hva_prot, which first\nretrieves a memslot through __gfn_to_memslot. While __gfn_to_memslot\ndoes check that the gfn falls within the boundaries of the guest\u0027s\nphysical memory or not, a CPU can speculate the result of the check and\ncontinue execution speculatively using an illegal gfn. The speculation\ncan result in calculating an out-of-bounds hva. If the resulting host\nvirtual address is used to load another guest physical address, this\nis effectively a Spectre gadget consisting of two consecutive reads,\nthe second of which is data dependent on the first.\n\nRight now it\u0027s not clear if there are any cases in which this is\nexploitable. One interesting case was reported by the original author\nof this patch, and involves visiting guest page tables on x86. Right\nnow these are not vulnerable because the hva read goes through get_user(),\nwhich contains an LFENCE speculation barrier. However, there are\npatches in progress for x86 uaccess.h to mask kernel addresses instead of\nusing LFENCE; once these land, a guest could use speculation to read\nfrom the VMM\u0027s ring 3 address space. Other architectures such as ARM\nalready use the address masking method, and would be susceptible to\nthis same kind of data-dependent access gadgets. Therefore, this patch\nproactively protects from these attacks by masking out-of-bounds gfns\nin __gfn_to_hva_memslot, which blocks speculation of invalid hvas.\n\nSean Christopherson noted that this patch does not cover\nkvm_read_guest_offset_cached. This however is limited to a few bytes\npast the end of the cache, and therefore it is unlikely to be useful in\nthe context of building a chain of data dependent accesses.",
"id": "GHSA-6239-6f98-f8vf",
"modified": "2025-04-30T15:30:44Z",
"published": "2024-05-21T15:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-47277"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/22b87fb17a28d37331bb9c1110737627b17f6781"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3098b86390a6b9ea52657689f08410baf130ceff"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/361ce3b917aff93123e9e966d8608655c967f438"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/740621309b25bbf619b8a0ba5fd50a8e58989441"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7af299b97734c7e7f465b42a2139ce4d77246975"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bff1fbf0cf0712686f1df59a83fba6e31d2746a0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/da27a83fd6cc7780fea190e1f5c19e87019da65c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ed0e2a893092c7fcb4ff7ba74e5efce53a6f5940"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-624H-QQFX-32PV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:46 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:46Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2019.010.20098 and earlier, 2019.010.20098 and earlier, 2017.011.30127 and earlier version, and 2015.006.30482 and earlier have an out-of-bounds read vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to information disclosure .
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-7116"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-05-23T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2019.010.20098 and earlier, 2019.010.20098 and earlier, 2017.011.30127 and earlier version, and 2015.006.30482 and earlier have an out-of-bounds read vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to information disclosure .",
"id": "GHSA-624h-qqfx-32pv",
"modified": "2024-04-04T00:46:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:46:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-7116"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb19-17.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-625J-HW78-RQFX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:57 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:04In NFC, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10Android ID: A-121035878
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-9242"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-09-27T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In NFC, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10Android ID: A-121035878",
"id": "GHSA-625j-hw78-rqfx",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:04:45Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:57:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9242"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/android-10"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-626M-2FCR-7J48
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:07 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:47In the Lustre file system before 2.12.3, the ptlrpc module has an out-of-bounds read and panic (via a modified lm_bufcount field) due to the lack of validation for specific fields of packets sent by a client. This is caused by interaction between sptlrpc_svc_unwrap_request and lustre_msg_hdr_size_v2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-20429"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-01-27T05:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Lustre file system before 2.12.3, the ptlrpc module has an out-of-bounds read and panic (via a modified lm_bufcount field) due to the lack of validation for specific fields of packets sent by a client. This is caused by interaction between sptlrpc_svc_unwrap_request and lustre_msg_hdr_size_v2.",
"id": "GHSA-626m-2fcr-7j48",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:47:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:07:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-20429"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jira.whamcloud.com/browse/LU-12590"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://review.whamcloud.com/#/c/36119"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lustre.org"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://wiki.lustre.org/Lustre_2.12.3_Changelog"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6275-8J43-765J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:47 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:47An out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the Obj File TriangleMesh::TriangleMesh() functionality of Slic3r libslic3r 1.3.0 and Master Commit 92abbc42. A specially crafted obj file could lead to information disclosure. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-28590"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-13T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the Obj File TriangleMesh::TriangleMesh() functionality of Slic3r libslic3r 1.3.0 and Master Commit 92abbc42. A specially crafted obj file could lead to information disclosure. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-6275-8j43-765j",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:47:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:47:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28590"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2020-1213"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6289-PGQJ-G67G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:13 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:13Heap-based buffer overflow in the CalcMinMax function in coders/mat.c in ImageMagick before 6.9.4-0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and application crash) via a crafted mat file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-10070"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-03-03T18:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in the CalcMinMax function in coders/mat.c in ImageMagick before 6.9.4-0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and application crash) via a crafted mat file.",
"id": "GHSA-6289-pgqj-g67g",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:13:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:13:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10070"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/commit/a6240a163cb787909703d9fc649cf861f60ddd7c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/commit/b173a352397877775c51c9a0e9d59eb6ce24c455"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/imagemagick/+bug/1545366"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1410510"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2017-02/msg00028.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2017-02/msg00031.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/12/26/9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95221"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6294-7W44-GQ9G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-21 21:31 – Updated: 2025-07-21 21:31IrfanView CADImage Plugin DXF File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of IrfanView CADImage Plugin. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of DXF files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-26246.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-7298"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-21T20:15:52Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IrfanView CADImage Plugin DXF File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of IrfanView CADImage Plugin. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of DXF files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-26246.",
"id": "GHSA-6294-7w44-gq9g",
"modified": "2025-07-21T21:31:41Z",
"published": "2025-07-21T21:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7298"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-542"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-629R-J729-X3WM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-23 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:19The news MonkeyC operation code in CIQ API version 1.0.0 through 4.1.7 fails to check that string resources are not extending past the end of the expected sections. A malicious CIQ application could craft a string that starts near the end of a section, and whose length extends past its end. Upon loading the string, the GarminOS TVM component may read out-of-bounds memory.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-23301"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-23T20:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The `news` MonkeyC operation code in CIQ API version 1.0.0 through 4.1.7 fails to check that string resources are not extending past the end of the expected sections. A malicious CIQ application could craft a string that starts near the end of a section, and whose length extends past its end. Upon loading the string, the GarminOS TVM component may read out-of-bounds memory.",
"id": "GHSA-629r-j729-x3wm",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:19:02Z",
"published": "2023-05-23T21:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23301"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/anvilsecure/garmin-ciq-app-research/blob/main/advisories/CVE-2023-23301.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-62HP-RG2V-HRFR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:57 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:05In NFC server, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10Android ID: A-111699773
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-9356"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-09-27T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In NFC server, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10Android ID: A-111699773",
"id": "GHSA-62hp-rg2v-hrfr",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:05:55Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:57:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9356"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/android-10"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Strategy: Language Selection
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers
An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.