Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-125

Allowed

Out-of-bounds Read

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

11292 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-HC4R-H68V-6HHH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-09 21:32 – Updated: 2026-06-09 21:32
VLAI
Details

Acrobat Reader versions 24.001.30365, 26.001.21651 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to disclose sensitive information. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-47923"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-09T21:17:22Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Acrobat Reader versions 24.001.30365, 26.001.21651 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to disclose sensitive information. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
  "id": "GHSA-hc4r-h68v-6hhh",
  "modified": "2026-06-09T21:32:38Z",
  "published": "2026-06-09T21:32:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47923"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb26-63.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HC4R-W26M-267C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-17 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-17 00:00
VLAI
Details

Adobe Animate version 21.0.11 (and earlier) and 22.0.7 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability when parsing a crafted file, which could result in a read past the end of an allocated memory structure. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-38412"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-09-16T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Adobe Animate version 21.0.11 (and earlier) and 22.0.7 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability when parsing a crafted file, which could result in a read past the end of an allocated memory structure. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
  "id": "GHSA-hc4r-w26m-267c",
  "modified": "2022-09-17T00:00:34Z",
  "published": "2022-09-17T00:00:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38412"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/animate/apsb22-54.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HC5G-H53M-QC95

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-24 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-29 18:30
VLAI
Details

In multiple locations of p2p_iface.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-257029912

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-21011"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-24T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In multiple locations of p2p_iface.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-257029912",
  "id": "GHSA-hc5g-h53m-qc95",
  "modified": "2023-03-29T18:30:29Z",
  "published": "2023-03-24T21:30:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21011"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2023-03-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HC5R-VM96-H4GH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:26 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:26
VLAI
Details

ok-file-formats through 2018-10-16 has a heap-based buffer over-read in the ok_mo_decode2 function in ok_mo.c.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-20618"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-12-31T15:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "ok-file-formats through 2018-10-16 has a heap-based buffer over-read in the ok_mo_decode2 function in ok_mo.c.",
  "id": "GHSA-hc5r-vm96-h4gh",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:26:58Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:26:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-20618"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/brackeen/ok-file-formats/issues/6"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HC69-V44J-9F5C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-26 21:31 – Updated: 2025-06-26 21:31
VLAI
Details

PDF-XChange Editor U3D File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of PDF-XChange Editor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.

The specific flaw exists within the parsing of U3D files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-26712.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-6650"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-06-25T22:15:22Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "PDF-XChange Editor U3D File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of PDF-XChange Editor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of U3D files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-26712.",
  "id": "GHSA-hc69-v44j-9f5c",
  "modified": "2025-06-26T21:31:15Z",
  "published": "2025-06-26T21:31:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6650"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.pdf-xchange.com/support/security-bulletins.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-435"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HC7J-44JC-Q764

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-08 15:31 – Updated: 2026-05-21 18:33
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

netfilter: nft_set_pipapo: fix stack out-of-bounds read in pipapo_drop()

pipapo_drop() passes rulemap[i + 1].n to pipapo_unmap() as the to_offset argument on every iteration, including the last one where i == m->field_count - 1. This reads one element past the end of the stack-allocated rulemap array (declared as rulemap[NFT_PIPAPO_MAX_FIELDS] with NFT_PIPAPO_MAX_FIELDS == 16).

Although pipapo_unmap() returns early when is_last is true without using the to_offset value, the argument is evaluated at the call site before the function body executes, making this a genuine out-of-bounds stack read confirmed by KASAN:

BUG: KASAN: stack-out-of-bounds in pipapo_drop+0x50c/0x57c [nf_tables] Read of size 4 at addr ffff8000810e71a4

This frame has 1 object: [32, 160) 'rulemap'

The buggy address is at offset 164 -- exactly 4 bytes past the end of the rulemap array.

Pass 0 instead of rulemap[i + 1].n on the last iteration to avoid the out-of-bounds read.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-43453"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-08T15:16:58Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nft_set_pipapo: fix stack out-of-bounds read in pipapo_drop()\n\npipapo_drop() passes rulemap[i + 1].n to pipapo_unmap() as the\nto_offset argument on every iteration, including the last one where\ni == m-\u003efield_count - 1. This reads one element past the end of the\nstack-allocated rulemap array (declared as rulemap[NFT_PIPAPO_MAX_FIELDS]\nwith NFT_PIPAPO_MAX_FIELDS == 16).\n\nAlthough pipapo_unmap() returns early when is_last is true without\nusing the to_offset value, the argument is evaluated at the call site\nbefore the function body executes, making this a genuine out-of-bounds\nstack read confirmed by KASAN:\n\n  BUG: KASAN: stack-out-of-bounds in pipapo_drop+0x50c/0x57c [nf_tables]\n  Read of size 4 at addr ffff8000810e71a4\n\n  This frame has 1 object:\n   [32, 160) \u0027rulemap\u0027\n\n  The buggy address is at offset 164 -- exactly 4 bytes past the end\n  of the rulemap array.\n\nPass 0 instead of rulemap[i + 1].n on the last iteration to avoid\nthe out-of-bounds read.",
  "id": "GHSA-hc7j-44jc-q764",
  "modified": "2026-05-21T18:33:06Z",
  "published": "2026-05-08T15:31:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43453"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0a55d62cdb628923d8a21724374a70c76ac7d19d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1957e793196e7f8557374fd4eda53abcbb42e1c0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/324b749aa5b2d516ccfab933df9d3f56e7807f5f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/57fb87ca095d5127cd7a27583b8ec43dcf7c9e9e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/60c1d18781e37bfb96290b86510eb01c5fa24d75"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d6d8cd2db236a9dd13dbc2d05843b3445cc964b5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dfbdac719198778b581bc0dd055df2542edb8c62"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e047f6fbb975f685d6c9fcef95b3b7787a79b46d"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HCC6-FP5W-RFRR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-23 00:30 – Updated: 2022-12-30 18:30
VLAI
Details

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the TGA file format parser of OpenImageIO v2.3.19.0. A specially-crafted targa file can lead to out of bounds read and write on the process stack, which can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-41981"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-125",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-22T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the TGA file format parser of OpenImageIO v2.3.19.0. A specially-crafted targa file can lead to out of bounds read and write on the process stack, which can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-hcc6-fp5w-rfrr",
  "modified": "2022-12-30T18:30:44Z",
  "published": "2022-12-23T00:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41981"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MLUXEL7AB2S5ACSDCHG67GEZHUYZBR5O"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202305-33"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2022-1628"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5384"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HCC9-635H-2QG5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:04 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:04
VLAI
Details

SDL (Simple DirectMedia Layer) through 1.2.15 and 2.x through 2.0.9 has a heap-based buffer over-read in IMA_ADPCM_decode in audio/SDL_wave.c.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-7574"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-02-07T07:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "SDL (Simple DirectMedia Layer) through 1.2.15 and 2.x through 2.0.9 has a heap-based buffer over-read in IMA_ADPCM_decode in audio/SDL_wave.c.",
  "id": "GHSA-hcc9-635h-2qg5",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:04:46Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:04:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-7574"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.libsdl.org/show_bug.cgi?id=4496"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://discourse.libsdl.org/t/vulnerabilities-found-in-libsdl-1-2-15/25720"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/03/msg00015.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/03/msg00016.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/10/msg00020.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/10/msg00021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/10/msg00032.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/02/msg00008.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/7ZO47LLKKRXKMUGSRCFNHSTHG5OEBYCG"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201909-07"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202305-17"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4156-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4156-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-04/msg00063.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-04/msg00073.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-04/msg00088.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HCFM-V43M-QW33

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-10 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-10 15:30
VLAI
Details

Photoshop Desktop versions 24.7.2, 25.3.1 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-20770"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-10T13:51:38Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Photoshop Desktop versions 24.7.2, 25.3.1 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
  "id": "GHSA-hcfm-v43m-qw33",
  "modified": "2024-04-10T15:30:40Z",
  "published": "2024-04-10T15:30:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-20770"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/photoshop/apsb24-16.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HCH7-PH7X-Q553

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 00:57 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:43
VLAI
Details

The ReadMNGImage function in coders/png.c in GraphicsMagick 1.3.26 mishandles large MNG images, leading to an invalid memory read in the SetImageColorCallBack function in magick/image.c.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-12935"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-08-18T12:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The ReadMNGImage function in coders/png.c in GraphicsMagick 1.3.26 mishandles large MNG images, leading to an invalid memory read in the SetImageColorCallBack function in magick/image.c.",
  "id": "GHSA-hch7-ph7x-q553",
  "modified": "2025-04-20T03:43:14Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T00:57:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-12935"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blogs.gentoo.org/ago/2017/08/05/graphicsmagick-invalid-memory-read-in-setimagecolorcallback-image-c"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/08/msg00002.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PF62B5PJA2JDUOCKJGUQO3SPL74BEYSV"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WHIKB4TP6KBJWT2UIPWL5MWMG5QXKGEJ"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PF62B5PJA2JDUOCKJGUQO3SPL74BEYSV"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WHIKB4TP6KBJWT2UIPWL5MWMG5QXKGEJ"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4222-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4321"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://hg.code.sf.net/p/graphicsmagick/code/rev/cd699a44f188"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Language Selection

Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.

CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers

An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.