Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-125
AllowedOut-of-bounds Read
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
11270 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JRHG-66XP-FMHV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-15 18:30 – Updated: 2024-11-15 18:30
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability in Cisco TelePresence CE and RoomOS could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to view sensitive information on an affected device.
This vulnerability exists because the affected software performs improper bounds checks. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause an out-of-bounds read that discloses sensitive information. Note: This vulnerability only affects Cisco Webex Desk Hub. There are no workarounds that address this vulnerability.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-20094"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-15T16:15:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in Cisco TelePresence CE and RoomOS could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to view sensitive information on an affected device.\n\nThis vulnerability exists because the affected software performs improper bounds checks. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause an out-of-bounds read that discloses sensitive information.\nNote: This vulnerability only affects Cisco Webex Desk Hub.\nThere are no workarounds that address this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-jrhg-66xp-fmhv",
"modified": "2024-11-15T18:30:50Z",
"published": "2024-11-15T18:30:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20094"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-roomos-file-write-rHKwegKf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRPG-G4VF-P4HW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-11 18:35 – Updated: 2026-05-12 15:31
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ALSA: usb-audio: Validate UAC3 cluster segment descriptors
UAC3 class segment descriptors need to be verified whether their sizes match with the declared lengths and whether they fit with the allocated buffer sizes, too. Otherwise malicious firmware may lead to the unexpected OOB accesses.
Severity
7.1 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-39757"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-11T17:15:39Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nALSA: usb-audio: Validate UAC3 cluster segment descriptors\n\nUAC3 class segment descriptors need to be verified whether their sizes\nmatch with the declared lengths and whether they fit with the\nallocated buffer sizes, too. Otherwise malicious firmware may lead to\nthe unexpected OOB accesses.",
"id": "GHSA-jrpg-g4vf-p4hw",
"modified": "2026-05-12T15:31:06Z",
"published": "2025-09-11T18:35:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39757"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1034719fdefd26caeec0a44a868bb5a412c2c1a5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/275e37532e8ebe25e8a4069b2d9f955bfd202a46"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/47ab3d820cb0a502bd0074f83bb3cf7ab5d79902"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/786571b10b1ae6d90e1242848ce78ee7e1d493c4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/799c06ad4c9c790c265e8b6b94947213f1fb389c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7ef3fd250f84494fb2f7871f357808edaa1fc6ce"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ae17b3b5e753efc239421d186cd1ff06e5ac296e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dfdcbcde5c20df878178245d4449feada7d5b201"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ecfd41166b72b67d3bdeb88d224ff445f6163869"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRQ9-FH3P-H9G6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-28 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-28 21:31
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, Pages 15.1, macOS Tahoe 26.1. Processing a maliciously crafted Pages document may result in unexpected termination or disclosure of process memory.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-46316"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-28T18:16:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, Pages 15.1, macOS Tahoe 26.1. Processing a maliciously crafted Pages document may result in unexpected termination or disclosure of process memory.",
"id": "GHSA-jrq9-fh3p-h9g6",
"modified": "2026-01-28T21:31:21Z",
"published": "2026-01-28T18:30:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46316"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125632"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125634"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126255"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRQP-JJ3R-GR59
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-29 21:32 – Updated: 2026-06-30 00:31
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds access issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.5.2, iOS 26.5.2 and iPadOS 26.5.2, macOS Tahoe 26.5.2. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to an unexpected Safari crash.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-43676"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-29T20:17:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds access issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.5.2, iOS 26.5.2 and iPadOS 26.5.2, macOS Tahoe 26.5.2. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to an unexpected Safari crash.",
"id": "GHSA-jrqp-jj3r-gr59",
"modified": "2026-06-30T00:31:28Z",
"published": "2026-06-29T21:32:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43676"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/127594"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/127595"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/127685"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRRP-87J9-7387
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:24 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:24
VLAI
Details
In the PatternMatch function in fontfile/fontdir.c in libXfont through 1.5.2 and 2.x before 2.0.2, an attacker with access to an X connection can cause a buffer over-read during pattern matching of fonts, leading to information disclosure or a crash (denial of service). This occurs because '\0' characters are incorrectly skipped in situations involving ? characters.
Severity
7.1 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-13720"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-10-11T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the PatternMatch function in fontfile/fontdir.c in libXfont through 1.5.2 and 2.x before 2.0.2, an attacker with access to an X connection can cause a buffer over-read during pattern matching of fonts, leading to information disclosure or a crash (denial of service). This occurs because \u0027\\0\u0027 characters are incorrectly skipped in situations involving ? characters.",
"id": "GHSA-jrrp-87j9-7387",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:24:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:24:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-13720"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1500690"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1054285"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cgit.freedesktop.org/xorg/lib/libXfont/commit/?id=d1e670a4a8704b8708e493ab6155589bcd570608"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201711-08"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.x.org/releases/individual/lib/libXfont2-2.0.2.tar.bz2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-3995"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRV3-F6MQ-763R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-04 03:30 – Updated: 2025-12-17 21:30
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in visionOS 26.1, macOS Sonoma 14.8.2, macOS Sequoia 15.7.2, watchOS 26.1, iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, tvOS 26.1. Processing a maliciously crafted media file may lead to unexpected app termination or corrupt process memory.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-43445"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-04T02:15:50Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in visionOS 26.1, macOS Sonoma 14.8.2, macOS Sequoia 15.7.2, watchOS 26.1, iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, tvOS 26.1. Processing a maliciously crafted media file may lead to unexpected app termination or corrupt process memory.",
"id": "GHSA-jrv3-f6mq-763r",
"modified": "2025-12-17T21:30:37Z",
"published": "2025-11-04T03:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43445"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125632"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125633"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125634"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125635"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125636"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125637"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125638"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125639"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRV4-GGGM-R53C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-15 00:00 – Updated: 2024-11-22 12:39
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds read/write vulnerability was found in e2fsprogs 1.46.5. This issue leads to a segmentation fault and possibly arbitrary code execution via a specially crafted filesystem.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1304"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-14T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds read/write vulnerability was found in e2fsprogs 1.46.5. This issue leads to a segmentation fault and possibly arbitrary code execution via a specially crafted filesystem.",
"id": "GHSA-jrv4-gggm-r53c",
"modified": "2024-11-22T12:39:07Z",
"published": "2022-04-15T00:00:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1304"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2022:7720"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2022:8361"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2022-1304"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2069726"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/10/msg00001.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20241122-0010"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRVF-VCCR-MVP6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-11 00:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:32
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in psi/zfile.c in Artifex Ghostscript before 10.04.0. Out-of-bounds data access in filenameforall can lead to arbitrary code execution.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-46956"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-10T22:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in psi/zfile.c in Artifex Ghostscript before 10.04.0. Out-of-bounds data access in filenameforall can lead to arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-jrvf-vccr-mvp6",
"modified": "2025-11-04T00:32:02Z",
"published": "2024-11-11T00:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-46956"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=707895"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cgit.ghostscript.com/cgi-bin/cgit.cgi/ghostpdl.git/commit/?id=f4151f12db32cd3ed26c24327de714bf2c3ed6ca"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ArtifexSoftware/ghostpdl/blob/master/doc/News.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/11/msg00023.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.suse.com/support/update/announcement/2024/suse-su-20243942-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRW3-VMVW-GW3C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-17 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-17 21:31
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the EMF functionality of Canva Affinity. By using a specially crafted EMF file, an attacker could exploit this vulnerability to perform an out-of-bounds read, potentially leading to the disclosure of sensitive information.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-62403"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-17T19:15:58Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the EMF functionality of Canva Affinity. By using a specially crafted EMF file, an attacker could exploit this vulnerability to perform an out-of-bounds read, potentially leading to the disclosure of sensitive information.",
"id": "GHSA-jrw3-vmvw-gw3c",
"modified": "2026-03-17T21:31:45Z",
"published": "2026-03-17T21:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62403"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2321"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://trust.canva.com/?tcuUid=1f728b0d-17f3-4c9c-97e9-6662b769eb62"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2321"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRW9-9G4G-6HXF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:35 – Updated: 2023-03-12 00:30
VLAI
Details
The PALM image coder at coders/palm.c makes an improper call to AcquireQuantumMemory() in routine WritePALMImage() because it needs to be offset by 256. This can cause a out-of-bounds read later on in the routine. The patch adds 256 to bytes_per_row in the call to AcquireQuantumMemory(). This could cause impact to reliability. This flaw affects ImageMagick versions prior to 7.0.8-68.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-25665"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-08T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The PALM image coder at coders/palm.c makes an improper call to AcquireQuantumMemory() in routine WritePALMImage() because it needs to be offset by 256. This can cause a out-of-bounds read later on in the routine. The patch adds 256 to bytes_per_row in the call to AcquireQuantumMemory(). This could cause impact to reliability. This flaw affects ImageMagick versions prior to 7.0.8-68.",
"id": "GHSA-jrw9-9g4g-6hxf",
"modified": "2023-03-12T00:30:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:35:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25665"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1891606"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/01/msg00010.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/03/msg00008.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Language Selection
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers
An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.