Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-125

Allowed

Out-of-bounds Read

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

11369 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-RH2P-PVPM-758Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:31 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:31
VLAI
Details

Kofax Power PDF JP2 File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Kofax Power PDF. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.

The specific flaw exists within the parsing of JP2 files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21836.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-51611"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T03:16:23Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Kofax Power PDF JP2 File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Kofax Power PDF. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of JP2 files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21836.",
  "id": "GHSA-rh2p-pvpm-758q",
  "modified": "2024-05-03T03:31:08Z",
  "published": "2024-05-03T03:31:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-51611"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-1912"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RH2Q-252V-CCQC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-05 03:30 – Updated: 2023-12-05 03:30
VLAI
Details

Transient DOS while parsing a vender specific IE (Information Element) of reassociation response management frame.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-33080"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125",
      "CWE-126"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-05T03:15:12Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Transient DOS while parsing a vender specific IE (Information Element) of reassociation response management frame.",
  "id": "GHSA-rh2q-252v-ccqc",
  "modified": "2023-12-05T03:30:22Z",
  "published": "2023-12-05T03:30:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33080"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/december-2023-bulletin"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RH2Q-C54F-9CRG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:08 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:08
VLAI
Details

Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2019.021.20061 and earlier, 2017.011.30156 and earlier, 2017.011.30156 and earlier, and 2015.006.30508 and earlier have an out-of-bounds read vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to information disclosure .

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-3744"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-02-13T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2019.021.20061 and earlier, 2017.011.30156 and earlier, 2017.011.30156 and earlier, and 2015.006.30508 and earlier have an out-of-bounds read vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to information disclosure .",
  "id": "GHSA-rh2q-c54f-9crg",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:08:57Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:08:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-3744"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb20-05.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-RH2V-79C5-2V68

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-22 09:31 – Updated: 2024-11-07 18:31
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

isofs: Fix out of bound access for corrupted isofs image

When isofs image is suitably corrupted isofs_read_inode() can read data beyond the end of buffer. Sanity-check the directory entry length before using it.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-47478"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-22T09:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nisofs: Fix out of bound access for corrupted isofs image\n\nWhen isofs image is suitably corrupted isofs_read_inode() can read data\nbeyond the end of buffer. Sanity-check the directory entry length before\nusing it.",
  "id": "GHSA-rh2v-79c5-2v68",
  "modified": "2024-11-07T18:31:20Z",
  "published": "2024-05-22T09:31:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-47478"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/156ce5bb6cc43a80a743810199defb1dc3f55b7f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6e80e9314f8bb52d9eabe1907698718ff01120f5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/86d4aedcbc69c0f84551fb70f953c24e396de2d7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9ec33a9b8790c212cc926a88c5e2105f97f3f57e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/afbd40f425227e661d991757e11cc4db024e761f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b0ddff8d68f2e43857a84dce54c3deab181c8ae1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b2fa1f52d22c5455217b294629346ad23a744945"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e7fb722586a2936b37bdff096c095c30ca06404d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e96a1866b40570b5950cda8602c2819189c62a48"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RH46-CPW6-2W59

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:48 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:04
VLAI
Details

Array bounds check failure in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 67.0.3396.62 allowed a remote attacker to perform an out of bounds memory read via a crafted PDF file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-6142"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-06-27T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Array bounds check failure in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 67.0.3396.62 allowed a remote attacker to perform an out of bounds memory read via a crafted PDF file.",
  "id": "GHSA-rh46-cpw6-2w59",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T01:04:56Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:48:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-6142"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2018/05/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_58.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://crbug.com/837939"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RH4C-X2X3-PR79

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-27 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-27 21:30
VLAI
Details

Adobe Substance 3D Stager versions 2.0.0 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-25876"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-27T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Adobe Substance 3D Stager versions 2.0.0 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
  "id": "GHSA-rh4c-x2x3-pr79",
  "modified": "2023-03-27T21:30:24Z",
  "published": "2023-03-27T21:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25876"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/substance3d_stager/apsb23-22.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RH4M-VG7C-86X5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-09 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-09 18:30
VLAI
Details

Secure Boot Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-26175"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-09T17:15:36Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Secure Boot Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability",
  "id": "GHSA-rh4m-vg7c-86x5",
  "modified": "2024-04-09T18:30:24Z",
  "published": "2024-04-09T18:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-26175"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-26175"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RH5J-39RR-M4JH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:46 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:46
VLAI
Details

Adobe Bridge CC versions 9.0.2 have an out-of-bounds read vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to information disclosure.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-7134"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-05-23T16:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Adobe Bridge CC versions 9.0.2 have an out-of-bounds read vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to information disclosure.",
  "id": "GHSA-rh5j-39rr-m4jh",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T00:46:15Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:46:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-7134"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/bridge/apsb19-25.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-19-351"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RH5J-H9C4-559R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-10 15:30 – Updated: 2024-01-10 15:30
VLAI
Details

Adobe Substance 3D Stager versions 2.1.3 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-20710"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-10T13:15:48Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Adobe Substance 3D Stager versions 2.1.3 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
  "id": "GHSA-rh5j-h9c4-559r",
  "modified": "2024-01-10T15:30:19Z",
  "published": "2024-01-10T15:30:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-20710"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/substance3d_stager/apsb24-06.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RH6V-853J-MQJH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-18 15:31 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:33
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

jfs: fix slab-out-of-bounds read in ea_get()

During the "size_check" label in ea_get(), the code checks if the extended attribute list (xattr) size matches ea_size. If not, it logs "ea_get: invalid extended attribute" and calls print_hex_dump().

Here, EALIST_SIZE(ea_buf->xattr) returns 4110417968, which exceeds INT_MAX (2,147,483,647). Then ea_size is clamped:

int size = clamp_t(int, ea_size, 0, EALIST_SIZE(ea_buf->xattr));

Although clamp_t aims to bound ea_size between 0 and 4110417968, the upper limit is treated as an int, causing an overflow above 2^31 - 1. This leads "size" to wrap around and become negative (-184549328).

The "size" is then passed to print_hex_dump() (called "len" in print_hex_dump()), it is passed as type size_t (an unsigned type), this is then stored inside a variable called "int remaining", which is then assigned to "int linelen" which is then passed to hex_dump_to_buffer(). In print_hex_dump() the for loop, iterates through 0 to len-1, where len is 18446744073525002176, calling hex_dump_to_buffer() on each iteration:

for (i = 0; i < len; i += rowsize) {
    linelen = min(remaining, rowsize);
    remaining -= rowsize;

    hex_dump_to_buffer(ptr + i, linelen, rowsize, groupsize,
               linebuf, sizeof(linebuf), ascii);

    ...
}

The expected stopping condition (i < len) is effectively broken since len is corrupted and very large. This eventually leads to the "ptr+i" being passed to hex_dump_to_buffer() to get closer to the end of the actual bounds of "ptr", eventually an out of bounds access is done in hex_dump_to_buffer() in the following for loop:

for (j = 0; j < len; j++) {
        if (linebuflen < lx + 2)
            goto overflow2;
        ch = ptr[j];
    ...
}

To fix this we should validate "EALIST_SIZE(ea_buf->xattr)" before it is utilised.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-39735"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-18T07:15:44Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\njfs: fix slab-out-of-bounds read in ea_get()\n\nDuring the \"size_check\" label in ea_get(), the code checks if the extended\nattribute list (xattr) size matches ea_size. If not, it logs\n\"ea_get: invalid extended attribute\" and calls print_hex_dump().\n\nHere, EALIST_SIZE(ea_buf-\u003exattr) returns 4110417968, which exceeds\nINT_MAX (2,147,483,647). Then ea_size is clamped:\n\n\tint size = clamp_t(int, ea_size, 0, EALIST_SIZE(ea_buf-\u003exattr));\n\nAlthough clamp_t aims to bound ea_size between 0 and 4110417968, the upper\nlimit is treated as an int, causing an overflow above 2^31 - 1. This leads\n\"size\" to wrap around and become negative (-184549328).\n\nThe \"size\" is then passed to print_hex_dump() (called \"len\" in\nprint_hex_dump()), it is passed as type size_t (an unsigned\ntype), this is then stored inside a variable called\n\"int remaining\", which is then assigned to \"int linelen\" which\nis then passed to hex_dump_to_buffer(). In print_hex_dump()\nthe for loop, iterates through 0 to len-1, where len is\n18446744073525002176, calling hex_dump_to_buffer()\non each iteration:\n\n\tfor (i = 0; i \u003c len; i += rowsize) {\n\t\tlinelen = min(remaining, rowsize);\n\t\tremaining -= rowsize;\n\n\t\thex_dump_to_buffer(ptr + i, linelen, rowsize, groupsize,\n\t\t\t\t   linebuf, sizeof(linebuf), ascii);\n\n\t\t...\n\t}\n\nThe expected stopping condition (i \u003c len) is effectively broken\nsince len is corrupted and very large. This eventually leads to\nthe \"ptr+i\" being passed to hex_dump_to_buffer() to get closer\nto the end of the actual bounds of \"ptr\", eventually an out of\nbounds access is done in hex_dump_to_buffer() in the following\nfor loop:\n\n\tfor (j = 0; j \u003c len; j++) {\n\t\t\tif (linebuflen \u003c lx + 2)\n\t\t\t\tgoto overflow2;\n\t\t\tch = ptr[j];\n\t\t...\n\t}\n\nTo fix this we should validate \"EALIST_SIZE(ea_buf-\u003exattr)\"\nbefore it is utilised.",
  "id": "GHSA-rh6v-853j-mqjh",
  "modified": "2025-11-03T21:33:41Z",
  "published": "2025-04-18T15:31:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39735"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0beddc2a3f9b9cf7d8887973041e36c2d0fa3652"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/16d3d36436492aa248b2d8045e75585ebcc2f34d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d6fd5b9c6acbc005e53d0211c7381f566babec1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/46e2c031aa59ea65128991cbca474bd5c0c2ecdb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/50afcee7011155933d8d5e8832f52eeee018cfd3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5263822558a8a7c0d0248d5679c2dcf4d5cda61f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78c9cbde8880ec02d864c166bcb4fe989ce1d95f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a8c31808925b11393a6601f534bb63bac5366bab"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fdf480da5837c23b146c4743c18de97202fcab37"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Language Selection

Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.

CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers

An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.