Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-173
AllowedImproper Handling of Alternate Encoding
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
The product does not properly handle when an input uses an alternate encoding that is valid for the control sphere to which the input is being sent.
9 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-10050 (GCVE-0-2026-10050)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-04 11:02 – Updated: 2026-08-04 12:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Digest authentication lossy encoding
Summary
In Eclipse Jetty, the Digest authentication server-side component uses ISO-8859-1 to encode the password as bytes.
This was done because the initial specification for HTTP did not specify explicitly a charset, and it was assumed to be ISO-8859-1 for historical reasons.
If the password contains characters that cannot be represented in ISO-8859-1, they are silently replaced by `?`. This happens with passwords that contain Chinese, Cyrillic or Greek characters, for example: `αβ123` converts to `??123`.
An attacker can send a request with a digest `Authorization` header crafted with a password made of only `?` characters; the server would match any password of the same length that contains non-ISO-8859-1 characters.
Recent HTTP Digest [RFC-7616](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7616) supports a `charset` parameters that defaults to UTF-8 that allows for correct encoding/decoding of passwords.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eclipse Foundation | Eclipse Jetty - EE8 |
Affected:
12.0.0 , ≤ 12.0.35
(semver)
Affected: 12.1.0 , ≤ 12.1.9 (semver) |
|
| Eclipse Foundation | Eclipse Jetty - EE9 |
Affected:
12.0.0 , ≤ 12.0.35
(semver)
Affected: 12.1.0 , ≤ 12.1.9 (semver) |
|
| Eclipse Foundation | Eclipse Jetty |
Affected:
9.4.0 , ≤ 9.4.62
(semver)
Affected: 10.0.0 , ≤ 10.0.30 (semver) Affected: 11.0.0 , ≤ 11.0.30 (semver) Affected: 12.0.0 , ≤ 12.0.35 (semver) Affected: 12.1.0 , ≤ 12.1.9 (semver) |
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-10050",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-04T12:45:13.270660Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-04T12:46:38.770Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/security/advisories/GHSA-2fvj-hgj9-j2gr"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "org.eclipse.jetty.ee8:jetty-ee8-security",
"product": "Eclipse Jetty - EE8",
"vendor": "Eclipse Foundation",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "12.0.35",
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "12.1.9",
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.1.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "org.eclipse.jetty.ee9:jetty-ee9-security",
"product": "Eclipse Jetty - EE9",
"vendor": "Eclipse Foundation",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "12.0.35",
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "12.1.9",
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.1.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-security",
"product": "Eclipse Jetty",
"vendor": "Eclipse Foundation",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "9.4.62",
"status": "affected",
"version": "9.4.0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "10.0.30",
"status": "affected",
"version": "10.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "11.0.30",
"status": "affected",
"version": "11.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "12.0.35",
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "12.1.9",
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.1.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "https://github.com/hrykx-zy"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eIn Eclipse Jetty, the Digest authentication server-side component uses ISO-8859-1 to encode the password as bytes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis was done because the initial specification for HTTP did not specify explicitly a charset, and it was assumed to be ISO-8859-1 for historical reasons.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf the password contains characters that cannot be represented in ISO-8859-1, they are silently replaced by `?`. This happens with passwords that contain Chinese, Cyrillic or Greek characters, for example: `\u03b1\u03b2123` converts to `??123`.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAn attacker can send a request with a digest `Authorization` header crafted with a password made of only `?` characters; the server would match any password of the same length that contains non-ISO-8859-1 characters.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRecent HTTP Digest [RFC-7616](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7616) supports a `charset` parameters that defaults to UTF-8 that allows for correct encoding/decoding of passwords.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "In Eclipse Jetty, the Digest authentication server-side component uses ISO-8859-1 to encode the password as bytes.\n\n\n\nThis was done because the initial specification for HTTP did not specify explicitly a charset, and it was assumed to be ISO-8859-1 for historical reasons.\n\n\n\nIf the password contains characters that cannot be represented in ISO-8859-1, they are silently replaced by `?`. This happens with passwords that contain Chinese, Cyrillic or Greek characters, for example: `\u03b1\u03b2123` converts to `??123`.\n\n\n\nAn attacker can send a request with a digest `Authorization` header crafted with a password made of only `?` characters; the server would match any password of the same length that contains non-ISO-8859-1 characters.\n\n\n\nRecent HTTP Digest [RFC-7616](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7616) supports a `charset` parameters that defaults to UTF-8 that allows for correct encoding/decoding of passwords."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-173",
"description": "CWE-173",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-303",
"description": "CWE-303",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-04T11:02:40.503Z",
"orgId": "e51fbebd-6053-4e49-959f-1b94eeb69a2c",
"shortName": "eclipse"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/security/advisories/GHSA-2fvj-hgj9-j2gr"
},
{
"url": "https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/cve-assignment/-/work_items/120"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Digest authentication lossy encoding",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.4"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "e51fbebd-6053-4e49-959f-1b94eeb69a2c",
"assignerShortName": "eclipse",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-10050",
"datePublished": "2026-08-04T11:02:40.503Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-05-29T07:26:26.368Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-04T12:46:38.770Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2023-26303 (GCVE-0-2023-26303)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-02-22 23:44 – Updated: 2025-03-11 18:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
markdown-it-py crash on null assertions
Summary
Denial of service could be caused to markdown-it-py, before v2.2.0, if an attacker was allowed to force null assertions with specially crafted input.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Executable Books | markdown-it-py |
Affected:
0 , < v2.2.0
(semver)
|
Date Public
2023-02-22 04:56
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T11:46:24.274Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"patch",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/commit/ae03c6107dfa18e648f6fdd1280f5b89092d5d49"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2023-26303",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-03-11T18:22:03.295337Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-173",
"description": "CWE-173 Improper Handling of Alternate Encoding",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-03-11T18:22:36.539Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/releases",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "markdown-it-py",
"platforms": [
"Linux",
"MacOS",
"Windows"
],
"product": "markdown-it-py",
"repo": "https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py",
"vendor": "Executable Books",
"versions": [
{
"changes": [
{
"at": "commit ae03c61",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThan": "v2.2.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Mark Esler"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "Chris Sewell"
}
],
"datePublic": "2023-02-22T04:56:39.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Denial of service could be caused to markdown-it-py, before v2.2.0, if an attacker was allowed to force null assertions with specially crafted input."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-267",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-267"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 3.3,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-173",
"description": "CWE-173",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2023-02-22T23:44:40.711Z",
"orgId": "cc1ad9ee-3454-478d-9317-d3e869d708bc",
"shortName": "canonical"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/commit/ae03c6107dfa18e648f6fdd1280f5b89092d5d49"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2023-02-07T20:19:00.000Z",
"value": "Reported to upstream."
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2023-02-22T04:56:39.000Z",
"value": "Patched by upstream."
}
],
"title": "markdown-it-py crash on null assertions"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "cc1ad9ee-3454-478d-9317-d3e869d708bc",
"assignerShortName": "canonical",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-26303",
"datePublished": "2023-02-22T23:44:40.711Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-02-21T22:36:47.685Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-03-11T18:22:36.539Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2023-26302 (GCVE-0-2023-26302)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-02-22 22:02 – Updated: 2025-03-11 18:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
markdown-it-py CLI crash on invalid UTF-8 characters
Summary
Denial of service could be caused to the command line interface of markdown-it-py, before v2.2.0, if an attacker was allowed to use invalid UTF-8 characters as input.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Executable Books | markdown-it-py |
Affected:
0 , < v2.2.0
(semver)
|
Date Public
2023-02-22 05:39
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T11:46:23.950Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"patch",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/commit/53ca3e9c2b9e9b295f6abf7f4ad2730a9b70f68c"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2023-26302",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-03-11T18:23:16.508837Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-173",
"description": "CWE-173 Improper Handling of Alternate Encoding",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-03-11T18:23:39.942Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/releases",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "markdown-it-py",
"platforms": [
"Linux",
"MacOS",
"Windows"
],
"product": "markdown-it-py",
"repo": "https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py",
"vendor": "Executable Books",
"versions": [
{
"changes": [
{
"at": "commit 53ca3e9",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThan": "v2.2.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Mark Esler"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "Chris Sewell"
}
],
"datePublic": "2023-02-22T05:39:56.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Denial of service could be caused to the command line interface of markdown-it-py, before v2.2.0, if an attacker was allowed to use invalid UTF-8 characters as input."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-267",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-267"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 3.3,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-173",
"description": "CWE-173",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2023-02-22T22:02:35.556Z",
"orgId": "cc1ad9ee-3454-478d-9317-d3e869d708bc",
"shortName": "canonical"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/commit/53ca3e9c2b9e9b295f6abf7f4ad2730a9b70f68c"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2023-02-07T20:19:00.000Z",
"value": "Reported to upstream."
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2023-02-22T05:39:56.000Z",
"value": "Patched by upstream."
}
],
"title": "markdown-it-py CLI crash on invalid UTF-8 characters"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "cc1ad9ee-3454-478d-9317-d3e869d708bc",
"assignerShortName": "canonical",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-26302",
"datePublished": "2023-02-22T22:02:35.556Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-02-21T22:36:47.685Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-03-11T18:23:39.942Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
GHSA-2FVJ-HGJ9-J2GR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 22:55 – Updated: 2026-07-22 22:55
VLAI
Summary
Eclipse Jetty Digest Authentication: ISO-8859-1 lossy encoding allows authentication bypass via character substitution
Details
Summary
The DigestAuthentication.apply() method in Jetty's HTTP client uses getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1) at three locations (lines 171, 179, 196) to compute Digest auth response hashes. ISO-8859-1 silently replaces any character above U+00FF (Chinese, Japanese, Cyrillic, Arabic, Emoji, etc.) with 0x3F (?), causing all such characters to produce identical hash contributions. An attacker who knows a victim's username can bypass Digest authentication by replacing all non-Latin-1 characters in the password with ? characters, since the collision password produces the same MD5-based Digest response hash as the original password.
Details
Root Cause
In jetty-core/jetty-client/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/client/DigestAuthentication.java, the apply() method computes the three Digest auth hashes (H(A1), H(A2), and the final response) using ISO-8859-1 character encoding:
// Line 171 — H(A1)
String hashA1 = toHexString(digester.digest(a1.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1)));
// Line 179 — H(A2)
String hashA2 = toHexString(digester.digest(a2.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1)));
// Line 196 — Final response hash
final String hashA3 = toHexString(digester.digest(a3.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1)));
ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) can only encode characters in the range U+0000–U+00FF. Any character outside this range — including all CJK, Cyrillic, Arabic, Greek, Hangul, and emoji characters — is silently replaced with the byte 0x3F (?). String.getBytes(ISO_8859_1) in Java performs this replacement without any warning or exception.
PoC
Password: "我爱Java!密码123★" (7 non-Latin-1 characters)
UTF-8 encoding: 45 bytes → MD5 H(A1) = 9a4e61484f228633d5d0f95d1bbb0a99
ISO-8859-1: 31 bytes → MD5 H(A1) = d60ddc903d71913bcc3ab4a94f7fc239
Collision "??...": 31 bytes → MD5 H(A1) = d60ddc903d71913bcc3ab4a94f7fc239 ← IDENTICAL
Multi-language confirmation — all four language passwords below produce the same hash:
Chinese (密码123) → H(A1) = db87f31e8d96cd15f9acec7eabdc4560
Korean (비번123) → H(A1) = db87f31e8d96cd15f9acec7eabdc4560
Cyrillic(аб123) → H(A1) = db87f31e8d96cd15f9acec7eabdc4560
Greek (αβ123) → H(A1) = db87f31e8d96cd15f9acec7eabdc4560
Attacker(??123) → H(A1) = db87f31e8d96cd15f9acec7eabdc4560 ← all collide!
Impact
Scenario 1: Authentication Bypass (Collision Attack)
If a service using Jetty for Digest authentication has a user with a non-Latin-1 password (e.g., Chinese, Japanese, Russian), an attacker can authenticate as that user using a collision password where all non-Latin-1 characters are replaced with ?:
- Original password:
我爱Java!密码123★ - Collision password:
??Java!??123? - Both produce identical MD5 hashes under ISO-8859-1 → Authentication succeeds
This affects any password containing characters > U+00FF, which covers: - Chinese (CJK): U+4E00–U+9FFF - Japanese (Hiragana/Katakana/Kanji): U+3040–U+30FF, U+4E00+ - Korean (Hangul): U+AC00–U+D7AF - Cyrillic: U+0400–U+04FF (Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, etc.) - Arabic: U+0600–U+06FF - Greek: U+0370–U+03FF - Latin Extended: U+0100–U+024F (accented European characters like ĉ, ğ, ñ when > U+00FF) - Emoji / Symbols > U+00FF
Scenario 2: Denial of Service for Non-Latin-1 Users
Most modern web applications store password hashes computed using UTF-8. When Jetty's Digest client computes a hash with ISO-8859-1, the bytes differ from what the server stored/expects. This means any user with non-ASCII (Latin-1+) characters in their password can never successfully authenticate via Digest auth — even the legitimate user. This is not just a security issue but a functional correctness bug that silently breaks authentication for most non-European-language users.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.4.58.v20250814"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-security"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.4.0.v20161208"
},
{
"fixed": "9.4.63"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 10.0.26"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-security"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "10.0.31"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 11.0.26"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-security"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "11.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "11.0.31"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.0.35"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-security"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "12.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "12.0.36"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.0.35"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty.ee8:jetty-ee8-security"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "12.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "12.0.36"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.0.35"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty.ee9:jetty-ee9-security"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "12.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "12.0.36"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.1.9"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-security"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "12.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "12.1.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.1.9"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty.ee8:jetty-ee8-security"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "12.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "12.1.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.1.9"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty.ee9:jetty-ee9-security"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "12.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "12.1.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-10050"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-173",
"CWE-303"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-22T22:55:18Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nThe `DigestAuthentication.apply()` method in Jetty\u0027s HTTP client uses `getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1)` at three locations (lines 171, 179, 196) to compute Digest auth response hashes. ISO-8859-1 silently replaces any character above U+00FF (Chinese, Japanese, Cyrillic, Arabic, Emoji, etc.) with 0x3F (`?`), causing all such characters to produce identical hash contributions. An attacker who knows a victim\u0027s username can bypass Digest authentication by replacing all non-Latin-1 characters in the password with `?` characters, since the collision password produces the same MD5-based Digest response hash as the original password.\n\n### Details\n### Root Cause\n\nIn `jetty-core/jetty-client/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/client/DigestAuthentication.java`, the `apply()` method computes the three Digest auth hashes (H(A1), H(A2), and the final response) using ISO-8859-1 character encoding:\n\n```java\n// Line 171 \u2014 H(A1)\nString hashA1 = toHexString(digester.digest(a1.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1)));\n\n// Line 179 \u2014 H(A2)\nString hashA2 = toHexString(digester.digest(a2.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1)));\n\n// Line 196 \u2014 Final response hash\nfinal String hashA3 = toHexString(digester.digest(a3.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1)));\n```\n\nISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) can only encode characters in the range U+0000\u2013U+00FF. Any character outside this range \u2014 including all CJK, Cyrillic, Arabic, Greek, Hangul, and emoji characters \u2014 is silently replaced with the byte `0x3F` (`?`). `String.getBytes(ISO_8859_1)` in Java performs this replacement without any warning or exception.\n\n### PoC\n```\nPassword: \"\u6211\u7231Java!\u5bc6\u7801123\u2605\" (7 non-Latin-1 characters)\n\nUTF-8 encoding: 45 bytes \u2192 MD5 H(A1) = 9a4e61484f228633d5d0f95d1bbb0a99\nISO-8859-1: 31 bytes \u2192 MD5 H(A1) = d60ddc903d71913bcc3ab4a94f7fc239\nCollision \"??...\": 31 bytes \u2192 MD5 H(A1) = d60ddc903d71913bcc3ab4a94f7fc239 \u2190 IDENTICAL\n```\n\nMulti-language confirmation \u2014 all four language passwords below produce the same hash:\n\n```\nChinese (\u5bc6\u7801123) \u2192 H(A1) = db87f31e8d96cd15f9acec7eabdc4560\nKorean (\ube44\ubc88123) \u2192 H(A1) = db87f31e8d96cd15f9acec7eabdc4560\nCyrillic(\u0430\u0431123) \u2192 H(A1) = db87f31e8d96cd15f9acec7eabdc4560\nGreek (\u03b1\u03b2123) \u2192 H(A1) = db87f31e8d96cd15f9acec7eabdc4560\nAttacker(??123) \u2192 H(A1) = db87f31e8d96cd15f9acec7eabdc4560 \u2190 all collide!\n```\n\n### Impact\n**Scenario 1: Authentication Bypass (Collision Attack)**\n\nIf a service using Jetty for Digest authentication has a user with a non-Latin-1 password (e.g., Chinese, Japanese, Russian), an attacker can authenticate as that user using a collision password where all non-Latin-1 characters are replaced with `?`:\n\n- Original password: `\u6211\u7231Java!\u5bc6\u7801123\u2605`\n- Collision password: `??Java!??123?`\n- **Both produce identical MD5 hashes under ISO-8859-1** \u2192 Authentication succeeds\n\nThis affects any password containing characters \u003e U+00FF, which covers:\n- Chinese (CJK): U+4E00\u2013U+9FFF\n- Japanese (Hiragana/Katakana/Kanji): U+3040\u2013U+30FF, U+4E00+\n- Korean (Hangul): U+AC00\u2013U+D7AF\n- Cyrillic: U+0400\u2013U+04FF (Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, etc.)\n- Arabic: U+0600\u2013U+06FF\n- Greek: U+0370\u2013U+03FF\n- Latin Extended: U+0100\u2013U+024F (accented European characters like \u0109, \u011f, \u00f1 when \u003e U+00FF)\n- Emoji / Symbols \u003e U+00FF\n\n**Scenario 2: Denial of Service for Non-Latin-1 Users**\n\nMost modern web applications store password hashes computed using UTF-8. When Jetty\u0027s Digest client computes a hash with ISO-8859-1, the bytes differ from what the server stored/expects. This means **any user with non-ASCII (Latin-1+) characters in their password can never successfully authenticate via Digest auth** \u2014 even the legitimate user. This is not just a security issue but a functional correctness bug that silently breaks authentication for most non-European-language users.",
"id": "GHSA-2fvj-hgj9-j2gr",
"modified": "2026-07-22T22:55:19Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T22:55:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/security/advisories/GHSA-2fvj-hgj9-j2gr"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/issues/15136"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/pull/15160"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/pull/15183"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/commit/4bcdbc7db387ce9e20e2c7571a7250280466221d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/commit/d0bb829ccecbf19e3ad3d32f2649b2800f01222d"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/releases/tag/jetty-12.0.36"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/releases/tag/jetty-12.1.10"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Eclipse Jetty Digest Authentication: ISO-8859-1 lossy encoding allows authentication bypass via character substitution"
}
GHSA-5MG8-W23W-74H3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-03-25 17:04 – Updated: 2026-02-23 22:45
VLAI
Summary
Information Disclosure in Guava
Details
A temp directory creation vulnerability exists in Guava prior to version 32.0.0 allowing an attacker with access to the machine to potentially access data in a temporary directory created by the Guava com.google.common.io.Files.createTempDir(). The permissions granted to the directory created default to the standard unix-like /tmp ones, leaving the files open. Maintainers recommend explicitly changing the permissions after the creation of the directory, or removing uses of the vulnerable method.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.guava:guava"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "32.0.0-android"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-8908"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-173",
"CWE-200",
"CWE-378",
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-03-25T17:01:09Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-10T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A temp directory creation vulnerability exists in Guava prior to version 32.0.0 allowing an attacker with access to the machine to potentially access data in a temporary directory created by the Guava `com.google.common.io.Files.createTempDir()`. The permissions granted to the directory created default to the standard unix-like /tmp ones, leaving the files open. Maintainers recommend explicitly changing the permissions after the creation of the directory, or removing uses of the vulnerable method.",
"id": "GHSA-5mg8-w23w-74h3",
"modified": "2026-02-23T22:45:53Z",
"published": "2021-03-25T17:04:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-8908"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/issues/4011"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/issues/4011#issuecomment-1578991974"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/commit/feb83a1c8fd2e7670b244d5afd23cba5aca43284"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava/commit/fec0dbc4634006a6162cfd4d0d09c962073ddf40"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd5d58088812cf8e677d99b07f73c654014c524c94e7fedbdee047604@%3Ctorque-dev.db.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd5d58088812cf8e677d99b07f73c654014c524c94e7fedbdee047604%40%3Ctorque-dev.db.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd2704306ec729ccac726e50339b8a8f079515cc29ccb77713b16e7c5@%3Cissues.hive.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd2704306ec729ccac726e50339b8a8f079515cc29ccb77713b16e7c5%40%3Cissues.hive.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd01f5ff0164c468ec7abc96ff7646cea3cce6378da2e4aa29c6bcb95@%3Cgithub.arrow.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd01f5ff0164c468ec7abc96ff7646cea3cce6378da2e4aa29c6bcb95%40%3Cgithub.arrow.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rcafc3a637d82bdc9a24036b2ddcad1e519dd0e6f848fcc3d606fd78f@%3Cdev.hive.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rcafc3a637d82bdc9a24036b2ddcad1e519dd0e6f848fcc3d606fd78f%40%3Cdev.hive.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc607bc52f3507b8b9c28c6a747c3122f51ac24afe80af2a670785b97@%3Cissues.geode.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc607bc52f3507b8b9c28c6a747c3122f51ac24afe80af2a670785b97%40%3Cissues.geode.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc2dbc4633a6eea1fcbce6831876cfa17b73759a98c65326d1896cb1a@%3Ctorque-dev.db.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc2dbc4633a6eea1fcbce6831876cfa17b73759a98c65326d1896cb1a%40%3Ctorque-dev.db.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rbc7642b9800249553f13457e46b813bea1aec99d2bc9106510e00ff3@%3Ctorque-dev.db.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rbc7642b9800249553f13457e46b813bea1aec99d2bc9106510e00ff3%40%3Ctorque-dev.db.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rb8c0f1b7589864396690fe42a91a71dea9412e86eec66dc85bbacaaf@%3Ccommits.cxf.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rb8c0f1b7589864396690fe42a91a71dea9412e86eec66dc85bbacaaf%40%3Ccommits.cxf.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rb2364f4cf4d274eab5a7ecfaf64bf575cedf8b0173551997c749d322@%3Cgitbox.hive.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rb2364f4cf4d274eab5a7ecfaf64bf575cedf8b0173551997c749d322%40%3Cgitbox.hive.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ra7ab308481ee729f998691e8e3e02e93b1dedfc98f6b1cd3d86923b3@%3Cyarn-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-COMGOOGLEGUAVA-1015415"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220210-0003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rfc27e2727a20a574f39273e0432aa97486a332f9b3068f6ac1346594@%3Cdev.myfaces.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rfc27e2727a20a574f39273e0432aa97486a332f9b3068f6ac1346594%40%3Cdev.myfaces.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf9f0fa84b8ae1a285f0210bafec6de2a9eba083007d04640b82aa625@%3Cissues.geode.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf9f0fa84b8ae1a285f0210bafec6de2a9eba083007d04640b82aa625%40%3Cissues.geode.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf00b688ffa620c990597f829ff85fdbba8bf73ee7bfb34783e1f0d4e@%3Cyarn-dev.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf00b688ffa620c990597f829ff85fdbba8bf73ee7bfb34783e1f0d4e%40%3Cyarn-dev.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/reebbd63c25bc1a946caa419cec2be78079f8449d1af48e52d47c9e85@%3Cissues.geode.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/reebbd63c25bc1a946caa419cec2be78079f8449d1af48e52d47c9e85%40%3Cissues.geode.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/re120f6b3d2f8222121080342c5801fdafca2f5188ceeb3b49c8a1d27@%3Cyarn-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/re120f6b3d2f8222121080342c5801fdafca2f5188ceeb3b49c8a1d27%40%3Cyarn-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd7e12d56d49d73e2b8549694974b07561b79b05455f7f781954231bf@%3Cdev.pig.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd7e12d56d49d73e2b8549694974b07561b79b05455f7f781954231bf%40%3Cdev.pig.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ra7ab308481ee729f998691e8e3e02e93b1dedfc98f6b1cd3d86923b3%40%3Cyarn-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r4776f62dfae4a0006658542f43034a7fc199350e35a66d4e18164ee6%40%3Ccommits.cxf.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3dd8881de891598d622227e9840dd7c2ef1d08abbb49e9690c7ae1bc@%3Cissues.geode.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3dd8881de891598d622227e9840dd7c2ef1d08abbb49e9690c7ae1bc%40%3Cissues.geode.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3c3b33ee5bef0c67391d27a97cbfd89d44f328cf072b601b58d4e748@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3c3b33ee5bef0c67391d27a97cbfd89d44f328cf072b601b58d4e748%40%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r2fe45d96eea8434b91592ca08109118f6308d60f6d0e21d52438cfb4@%3Cdev.drill.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r2fe45d96eea8434b91592ca08109118f6308d60f6d0e21d52438cfb4%40%3Cdev.drill.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r294be9d31c0312d2c0837087204b5d4bf49d0552890e6eec716fa6a6@%3Cyarn-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r294be9d31c0312d2c0837087204b5d4bf49d0552890e6eec716fa6a6%40%3Cyarn-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r215b3d50f56faeb2f9383505f3e62faa9f549bb23e8a9848b78a968e@%3Ccommits.ws.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r215b3d50f56faeb2f9383505f3e62faa9f549bb23e8a9848b78a968e%40%3Ccommits.ws.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r161b87f8037bbaff400194a63cd2016c9a69f5949f06dcc79beeab54@%3Cdev.drill.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r161b87f8037bbaff400194a63cd2016c9a69f5949f06dcc79beeab54%40%3Cdev.drill.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r07ed3e4417ad043a27bee7bb33322e9bfc7d7e6d1719b8e3dfd95c14@%3Cdev.drill.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r07ed3e4417ad043a27bee7bb33322e9bfc7d7e6d1719b8e3dfd95c14%40%3Cdev.drill.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r037fed1d0ebde50c9caf8d99815db3093c344c3f651c5a49a09824ce@%3Cdev.drill.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r007add131977f4f576c232b25e024249a3d16f66aad14a4b52819d21@%3Ccommon-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r007add131977f4f576c232b25e024249a3d16f66aad14a4b52819d21%40%3Ccommon-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/google/guava"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r841c5e14e1b55281523ebcde661ece00b38a0569e00ef5e12bd5f6ba@%3Cissues.maven.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r841c5e14e1b55281523ebcde661ece00b38a0569e00ef5e12bd5f6ba%40%3Cissues.maven.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r7b0e81d8367264d6cad98766a469d64d11248eb654417809bfdacf09@%3Cyarn-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r7b0e81d8367264d6cad98766a469d64d11248eb654417809bfdacf09%40%3Cyarn-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r79e47ed555bdb1180e528420a7a2bb898541367a29a3bc6bbf0baf2c@%3Cissues.hive.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r79e47ed555bdb1180e528420a7a2bb898541367a29a3bc6bbf0baf2c%40%3Cissues.hive.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r68d86f4b06c808204f62bcb254fcb5b0432528ee8d37a07ef4bc8222@%3Ccommits.ws.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r68d86f4b06c808204f62bcb254fcb5b0432528ee8d37a07ef4bc8222%40%3Ccommits.ws.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6874dfe26eefc41b7c9a5e4a0487846fc4accf8c78ff948b24a1104a@%3Cdev.drill.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6874dfe26eefc41b7c9a5e4a0487846fc4accf8c78ff948b24a1104a%40%3Cdev.drill.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r5d61b98ceb7bba939a651de5900dbd67be3817db6bfcc41c6e04e199@%3Cyarn-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r5d61b98ceb7bba939a651de5900dbd67be3817db6bfcc41c6e04e199%40%3Cyarn-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r5b3d93dfdfb7708e796e8762ab40edbde8ff8add48aba53e5ea26f44@%3Cissues.geode.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r5b3d93dfdfb7708e796e8762ab40edbde8ff8add48aba53e5ea26f44%40%3Cissues.geode.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r58a8775205ab1839dba43054b09a9ab3b25b423a4170b2413c4067ac@%3Ccommon-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r58a8775205ab1839dba43054b09a9ab3b25b423a4170b2413c4067ac%40%3Ccommon-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r49549a8322f62cd3acfa4490d25bfba0be04f3f9ff4d14fe36199d27@%3Cyarn-dev.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r49549a8322f62cd3acfa4490d25bfba0be04f3f9ff4d14fe36199d27%40%3Cyarn-dev.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r4776f62dfae4a0006658542f43034a7fc199350e35a66d4e18164ee6@%3Ccommits.cxf.apache.org%3E"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Information Disclosure in Guava"
}
GHSA-JRWR-5X3P-HVC3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-23 00:30 – Updated: 2024-09-30 16:57
VLAI
Summary
markdown-it-py Denial of Service vulnerability in the command line interface
Details
Denial of service could be caused to the command line interface of markdown-it-py, before v2.2.0, if an attacker was allowed to use invalid UTF-8 characters as input.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "markdown-it-py"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-26302"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-173"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-02-23T19:40:54Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-22T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Denial of service could be caused to the command line interface of markdown-it-py, before v2.2.0, if an attacker was allowed to use invalid UTF-8 characters as input.",
"id": "GHSA-jrwr-5x3p-hvc3",
"modified": "2024-09-30T16:57:59Z",
"published": "2023-02-23T00:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26302"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/pull/247"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/commit/53ca3e9c2b9e9b295f6abf7f4ad2730a9b70f68c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/releases/tag/v2.2.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/markdown-it-py/PYSEC-2023-23.yaml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "markdown-it-py Denial of Service vulnerability in the command line interface"
}
GHSA-MJ26-H3P5-RJ2M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-04 12:31 – Updated: 2024-12-04 12:31
VLAI
Details
In JetBrains YouTrack before 2024.3.52635 potential spoofing attack was possible via lack of Punycode encoding
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-54158"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-173",
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-04T12:15:20Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "In JetBrains YouTrack before 2024.3.52635 potential spoofing attack was possible via lack of Punycode encoding",
"id": "GHSA-mj26-h3p5-rj2m",
"modified": "2024-12-04T12:31:45Z",
"published": "2024-12-04T12:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-54158"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/privacy-security/issues-fixed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R683-J2X4-V87G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-21 23:55 – Updated: 2023-09-07 18:38
VLAI
Summary
node-fetch forwards secure headers to untrusted sites
Details
node-fetch forwards secure headers such as authorization, www-authenticate, cookie, & cookie2 when redirecting to a untrusted site.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "node-fetch"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "node-fetch"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.6.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-0235"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-173",
"CWE-200",
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-01-18T22:51:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-16T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "node-fetch forwards secure headers such as `authorization`, `www-authenticate`, `cookie`, \u0026 `cookie2` when redirecting to a untrusted site.",
"id": "GHSA-r683-j2x4-v87g",
"modified": "2023-09-07T18:38:41Z",
"published": "2022-01-21T23:55:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0235"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/node-fetch/node-fetch/pull/1449/commits/5c32f002fdd65b1c6a8f1e3620210813d45c7e60"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/node-fetch/node-fetch/pull/1453"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/node-fetch/node-fetch/commit/1ef4b560a17e644a02a3bfdea7631ffeee578b35"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/node-fetch/node-fetch/commit/36e47e8a6406185921e4985dcbeff140d73eaa10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/node-fetch/node-fetch/commit/5c32f002fdd65b1c6a8f1e3620210813d45c7e60"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-637483.pdf"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/node-fetch/node-fetch"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/d26ab655-38d6-48b3-be15-f9ad6b6ae6f7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/12/msg00007.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "node-fetch forwards secure headers to untrusted sites"
}
GHSA-VRJV-MXR7-VJF8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-23 00:30 – Updated: 2024-09-30 20:22
VLAI
Summary
markdown-it-py Denial of Service vulnerability
Details
Denial of service could be caused to markdown-it-py, before v2.2.0, if an attacker was allowed to force null assertions with specially crafted input.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "markdown-it-py"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-26303"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-173"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-02-23T19:40:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-23T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Denial of service could be caused to markdown-it-py, before v2.2.0, if an attacker was allowed to force null assertions with specially crafted input.",
"id": "GHSA-vrjv-mxr7-vjf8",
"modified": "2024-09-30T20:22:35Z",
"published": "2023-02-23T00:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26303"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/pull/246"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/commit/53ca3e9c2b9e9b295f6abf7f4ad2730a9b70f68c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py/commit/ae03c6107dfa18e648f6fdd1280f5b89092d5d49"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/markdown-it-py/PYSEC-2023-24.yaml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "markdown-it-py Denial of Service vulnerability"
}
Mitigation MIT-44
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Input Validation
Avoid making decisions based on names of resources (e.g. files) if those resources can have alternate names.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-30
Implementation
Strategy: Output Encoding
Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.
Mitigation MIT-20
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
CAPEC-120: Double Encoding
The adversary utilizes a repeating of the encoding process for a set of characters (that is, character encoding a character encoding of a character) to obfuscate the payload of a particular request. This may allow the adversary to bypass filters that attempt to detect illegal characters or strings, such as those that might be used in traversal or injection attacks. Filters may be able to catch illegal encoded strings, but may not catch doubly encoded strings. For example, a dot (.), often used in path traversal attacks and therefore often blocked by filters, could be URL encoded as %2E. However, many filters recognize this encoding and would still block the request. In a double encoding, the % in the above URL encoding would be encoded again as %25, resulting in %252E which some filters might not catch, but which could still be interpreted as a dot (.) by interpreters on the target.
CAPEC-267: Leverage Alternate Encoding
An adversary leverages the possibility to encode potentially harmful input or content used by applications such that the applications are ineffective at validating this encoding standard.
CAPEC-3: Using Leading 'Ghost' Character Sequences to Bypass Input Filters
Some APIs will strip certain leading characters from a string of parameters. An adversary can intentionally introduce leading "ghost" characters (extra characters that don't affect the validity of the request at the API layer) that enable the input to pass the filters and therefore process the adversary's input. This occurs when the targeted API will accept input data in several syntactic forms and interpret it in the equivalent semantic way, while the filter does not take into account the full spectrum of the syntactic forms acceptable to the targeted API.
CAPEC-4: Using Alternative IP Address Encodings
This attack relies on the adversary using unexpected formats for representing IP addresses. Networked applications may expect network location information in a specific format, such as fully qualified domains names (FQDNs), URL, IP address, or IP Address ranges. If the location information is not validated against a variety of different possible encodings and formats, the adversary can use an alternate format to bypass application access control.
CAPEC-52: Embedding NULL Bytes
An adversary embeds one or more null bytes in input to the target software. This attack relies on the usage of a null-valued byte as a string terminator in many environments. The goal is for certain components of the target software to stop processing the input when it encounters the null byte(s).
CAPEC-53: Postfix, Null Terminate, and Backslash
If a string is passed through a filter of some kind, then a terminal NULL may not be valid. Using alternate representation of NULL allows an adversary to embed the NULL mid-string while postfixing the proper data so that the filter is avoided. One example is a filter that looks for a trailing slash character. If a string insertion is possible, but the slash must exist, an alternate encoding of NULL in mid-string may be used.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-71: Using Unicode Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic
An attacker may provide a Unicode string to a system component that is not Unicode aware and use that to circumvent the filter or cause the classifying mechanism to fail to properly understanding the request. That may allow the attacker to slip malicious data past the content filter and/or possibly cause the application to route the request incorrectly.
CAPEC-72: URL Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the URL. An adversary can take advantage of the multiple way of encoding an URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.
CAPEC-80: Using UTF-8 Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack is a specific variation on leveraging alternate encodings to bypass validation logic. This attack leverages the possibility to encode potentially harmful input in UTF-8 and submit it to applications not expecting or effective at validating this encoding standard making input filtering difficult. UTF-8 (8-bit UCS/Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode. Legal UTF-8 characters are one to four bytes long. However, early version of the UTF-8 specification got some entries wrong (in some cases it permitted overlong characters). UTF-8 encoders are supposed to use the "shortest possible" encoding, but naive decoders may accept encodings that are longer than necessary. According to the RFC 3629, a particularly subtle form of this attack can be carried out against a parser which performs security-critical validity checks against the UTF-8 encoded form of its input, but interprets certain illegal octet sequences as characters.