Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-178

Weakness Allowed

Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The product does not properly account for differences in case sensitivity when accessing or determining the properties of a resource, leading to inconsistent results.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-706 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-706 · View CWE-1003
CanPrecede: CWE-433 · View CWE-1000
CanPrecede: CWE-289 · View CWE-1000
Modes of introduction
Implementation
Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Notes

Research Gap

These are probably under-studied in Windows and Mac environments, where file names are case-insensitive and thus are subject to equivalence manipulations involving case.

Content history
Submission: PLOVER · 2006-07-19 · CWE Draft 3
Modification: Sean Eidemiller · Cigital · 2008-07-01 · CWE 1.0

added/updated demonstrative examples

Modification: Eric Dalci · Cigital · 2008-07-01 · CWE 1.0

updated Potential_Mitigations, Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Description, Relationships, Observed_Example, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-11-24 · CWE 1.1

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-07-27 · CWE 1.5

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-12-13 · CWE 1.11

updated Name

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Observed_Examples, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-10-30 · CWE 2.3

updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Affected_Resources, Applicable_Platforms, Functional_Areas, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-10-13 · CWE 4.9

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-01-31 · CWE 4.10

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated Applicable_Platforms, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Common_Consequences, Description, Detection_Factors, Observed_Examples

254 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-128100 (GCVE-0-2026-128100)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-13 20:10 – Updated: 2026-11-13 21:10
VLAI
Title
Vault vulnerable to ACL deny bypass via case-variant auth method user and group names
Summary
Vault Community Edition and Vault Enterprise did not apply explicit ACL policy deny rules to letter case variants of user and group names in auth methods that treat these names as case-insensitive. This may allow an authenticated user with delegated permissions to modify a protected user or group, potentially leading to privilege escalation. This vulnerability (CVE-2026-128100) is fixed in Vault Community Edition 2.2.2 and Vault Enterprise 2.2.2, 1.21.14, and 1.19.25.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-13 21:10 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
HashiCorp CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 70/100 over 51 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
HashiCorp Vault Affected: 0.10.0 , < 2.2.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
HashiCorp Vault Enterprise Affected: 0.10.0 , < 2.2.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-128048 (GCVE-0-2026-128048)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-13 09:33 – Updated: 2026-11-13 09:33
VLAI
Title
OpenMage magento-lts before 20.18.2 Information Disclosure via Email Template getConfig
Summary
OpenMage magento-lts before 20.18.2 and 21.0.0-beta1 before 21.0.0-beta3 lets restricted administrators read decrypted configuration secrets because the store.getConfig email template directive's encrypted-path check missed config.xml-declared paths, case variants of the getConfig method name, and parent paths. Administrators with Transactional Emails access can preview a crafted template to expose PayPal, payment gateway, and carrier credentials.
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 8184 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenMage magento-lts Affected: 0 , < 20.18.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 20.18.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
OpenMage magento-lts Affected: 21.0.0-beta1 , < 21.0.0-beta3 (semver)
Unaffected: 21.0.0-beta3 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-26 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-126364 (GCVE-0-2026-126364)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-12 22:33 – Updated: 2026-11-13 00:37
VLAI
Title
Astro: Image endpoint in @astrojs/node can read files from a case-variant sibling of the output directory on case-sensitive filesystems
Summary
Astro is a web framework for content-driven websites. From 5.14.3 until 7.4.7, Astro's /_image endpoint compared the requested local-image path with the build output directory without preserving case on case-sensitive filesystems. A sibling directory whose path differed from the output directory only by letter case could therefore pass the containment check, allowing an unauthenticated requester to read image files accepted by the image service from outside the output directory. Exploitation required on-demand rendering with the @astrojs/node adapter, a case-sensitive filesystem, and a preexisting case-variant sibling directory; ordinary traversal to unrelated paths was already rejected. This issue is fixed in Astro version 7.4.7.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-13 00:37 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7868 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
withastro astro Affected: >= 5.14.3, < 7.4.7
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-126312 (GCVE-0-2026-126312)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-13 09:36 – Updated: 2026-11-13 09:36
VLAI
Title
OpenBao before 2.6.5 and 2.7.2 ACL Bypass via Non-Canonical Plugin Paths
Summary
OpenBao before 2.6.5 and 2.7.x before 2.7.2, and the openbao-plugins LDAP and RADIUS auth plugins before 0.2.0, contain an ACL bypass in the AppRole, Cert, LDAP, and RADIUS auth methods caused by implicit path canonicalization. Authenticated attackers can request non-canonical paths for AppRole Role IDs, Cert CRLs, LDAP groups and users, or RADIUS users to evade ACL deny rules.
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 8184 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
openbao openbao Affected: 0 , < 2.6.5 (semver)
Unaffected: 2.6.5 (semver)
Affected: 2.7.0 , < 2.7.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 2.7.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
openbao openbao Affected: 0 , < 0.2.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 0.2.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-26 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-126208 (GCVE-0-2026-126208)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-12 20:59 – Updated: 2026-11-13 00:32
VLAI
Title
Loofah: SVG `<textPath>` and `<mpath>` bypass local-reference restriction
Summary
Loofah is a general library for manipulating and transforming HTML/XML documents and fragments, built on top of Nokogiri. Prior to 2.25.3, Loofah's SVG_ALLOW_LOCAL_HREF safelist lists textPath with lowercase spelling that does not match the HTML5 parser's element name and omits mpath, so external href and xlink:href values on those elements survive sanitization. Firefox fetches the attacker-chosen URL when a viewer renders the content, which can disclose the viewer's IP address, user agent, referrer, and access to hosts routable only from the viewer's network. Chrome and WebKit do not fetch these references, and the impact is a network request rather than script execution. The rails-html-sanitizer PermitScrubber reuses the affected safelist when SVG elements are permitted. This issue is fixed in version 2.25.3.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-13 00:32 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
  • CWE-184 - Incomplete List of Disallowed Inputs
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7868 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
flavorjones loofah Affected: < 2.25.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-123806 (GCVE-0-2026-123806)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-09 20:18 – Updated: 2026-11-13 13:09
VLAI
Title
python-tuf: Platform-dependent delegation path matching
Summary
python-tuf is a Python reference implementation of The Update Framework (TUF). Prior to 7.0.0, DelegatedRole._is_target_in_pathpattern in tuf/api/_payload.py uses fnmatch.fnmatch, which applies os.path.normcase before matching and makes delegation path authorization case-insensitive on Windows. When a TUF repository has path-based delegations that differ only by case and an attacker-controlled role is visited before the legitimate role, ngclient can accept an attacker-provided target from the wrong delegation for a requested path. Linux and macOS clients are not affected because their path normalization does not change case. This issue is fixed in 7.0.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-13 13:09 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7868 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-123012 (GCVE-0-2026-123012)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 04:52 – Updated: 2026-11-09 20:36
VLAI
Summary
In Gogs 0.14.3, the Git Smart HTTP authorization layer in internal/route/repo/http.go allows a push when only read access was intended, a different vulnerability than CVE-2026-52810. This occurs because of a case-sensitivity desync between the authorization classifier and the request dispatcher: the gitHTTPIsPull function compares the Git action verb case-sensitively and defaults to pull (read access) for any unrecognized string, whereas the request dispatcher lowercases the same verb before routing it to the receive-pack handler. Capitalizing a single letter in the URL (e.g. info/Refs instead of info/refs, or git-receive-Pack instead of git-receive-pack) causes the classifier to misidentify a push as a pull, granting only read-level authorization, whereas the dispatcher routes it to the write handler. An authenticated read-only collaborator can exploit this to push to a private repository, creating, updating, or deleting refs.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-09 20:36 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
mitre CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 29/100 over 2132 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Gogs Gogs Affected: 0.14.3 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:gogs:gogs:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-116469 (GCVE-0-2026-116469)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-26 10:35 – Updated: 2026-10-27 18:14
VLAI
Title
MISP Guard Case-Sensitive Policy Bypass Allows Unauthorized Feed Data Forwarding
Summary
MISP Guard, a proxy-based security filter for MISP feed distribution, contains a case-sensitivity flaw in multiple policy enforcement checks. The functions check_required_taxonomy_exists, check_required_taxonomy_tags_allowed, check_blocked_attribute_categories, and check_blocked_analyst_data_sharing_groups_uuids performed case-sensitive string comparisons when matching event tags, attribute categories, and sharing-group UUIDs against configured allow/block lists. An attacker with the ability to create or modify events in a MISP instance (or a connected instance that pushes events through the guard) could craft events using different letter case in taxonomy tag names, attribute categories, or sharing-group UUIDs to bypass the configured security policies. For example, if the policy requires the 'tlp' taxonomy with only 'tlp:clear' allowed, an event tagged 'TLP:AMBER' would not be recognized as belonging to the 'tlp' taxonomy and would therefore not be checked against the allowed-tags list, resulting in the event being forwarded to feed consumers. Similarly, a blocked attribute category such as 'Person' would not match a configured block entry of 'person', allowing the attribute to pass through the filter. The security impact is unauthorized disclosure of threat-intelligence data that the operator intended to restrict. Events carrying non-allowed TLP (Traffic Light Protocol) markings, blocked attribute categories, or blocked sharing-group associations are forwarded to downstream feed consumers in violation of the configured distribution policy. This undermines the confidentiality controls that MISP Guard is designed to enforce. The vulnerability is trivially exploitable: the attacker only needs to alter the letter case of a tag, category, or UUID string. No authentication beyond normal MISP event-creation privileges is required, and no user interaction is needed.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
Supplier · CIRCL (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-26 10:33 UTC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-26 13:32 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
Assigner
CIRCL CNA under the ENISA root
CNA scorecard A 91/100 over 255 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MISP misp-guard Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.3 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:misp:misp-guard:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
GCVE extensions
bcp-05-x-01
AI-assisted vulnerability information annotation
GCVE-BCP-05-X-01
Whole record AI-generated Partially reviewed GNA-1

Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.

ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
Model Source Identifier
qwen3.8:27b ollama qwen3.8:27b
bcp-05-x-02
Patch-to-vulnerability generation provenance
GCVE-BCP-05-X-02
Generator
patch2vuln.py on 2026-10-26 10:33
Model
qwen3.8:27b
Input
https://github.com/MISP/misp-guard/commit/9868b1d93fc9cc40cc7c69ca11c86afd825bbc1c.patch 26a847175a70…
Confidence
medium
Commit Subject Patch SHA-256
9868b1d93fc9 fix: [security] match categories and required taxonomies 26a847175a70…
Fix summary

The fix makes all policy-matching comparisons case-insensitive by applying .lower() to both the input value (tag name, attribute category, sharing-group UUID) and the configured policy value (required taxonomy prefix, allowed tags, blocked categories, blocked UUIDs) before performing the comparison. This ensures that a tag such as 'TLP:AMBER' is correctly recognized as belonging to the 'tlp' taxonomy and is checked against the allowed-tags list, and that a blocked category or UUID is matched regardless of letter case.

Patch summary

In src/mispguard.py, four comparison sites were changed: (1) check_required_taxonomy_exists now uses tag['name'].lower().startswith(required_taxonomy.lower() + ':') instead of a case-sensitive startswith; (2) check_required_taxonomy_tags_allowed applies .lower() to both the tag name and the required taxonomy prefix in the startswith check; (3) check_blocked_attribute_categories compares attribute['category'].lower() against a lowercased list of blocked categories; (4) check_blocked_analyst_data_sharing_groups_uuids compares the UUID in lowercase against a lowercased list of blocked UUIDs. Ninety-one lines of test cases were added to src/test/test_misp_guard.py covering mixed-case TLP tags in required-taxonomy checks and mixed-case blocked attribute categories.

CVSS rationale

AV:N: The MISP feed is consumed over the network (HTTP). AC:L: Exploitation requires only changing the letter case of a tag, category, or UUID string. AT:N: No log or audit tampering is needed. PR:L: The attacker needs the ability to create or modify events in a MISP instance, which typically requires a low-privilege user account or a connected instance. UI:N: No user interaction is required. VC:H: The primary impact is unauthorized disclosure of data that the operator intended to restrict (non-allowed TLP tags, blocked categories, blocked sharing groups are forwarded to feed consumers). VI:N: The data content is not modified, only improperly shared. VA:N: No availability impact. SC/SI/SA:N: No secondary system impact is evidenced.

Weakness rationale
  • CWE-178 The root cause is that string comparisons used to enforce security policies (taxonomy prefix matching, category blocking, UUID blocking) were case-sensitive, allowing an attacker to bypass the checks by altering letter case. CWE-178 is the most specific and accurate mapping.
  • CWE-20 More broadly, the guard failed to validate input against the policy in a canonical form, which is a form of improper input validation. CWE-20 is included as a secondary, broader mapping.
Attack pattern rationale
  • CAPEC-10 The attacker tampers with the letter case of tag names, attribute categories, or sharing-group UUIDs in MISP events to bypass the guard's policy checks. This is a form of parameter tampering where the input is modified in a way that the validation logic does not anticipate. CAPEC-10 is the closest available pattern; the uncertainty is that the tampering occurs in structured event data rather than in a traditional request parameter, but the underlying technique (modifying input to evade validation) aligns with this pattern.
Assumptions to verify
  • The MISP Guard is assumed to operate as a proxy filtering outbound MISP feed data; the attacker is assumed to have the ability to create or modify events in a MISP instance that feeds through the guard. The patch does not specify the exact deployment topology.
  • PR:L assumes that creating events in MISP requires at least a low-privilege authenticated account. If the guard is used in a context where events are pushed from a connected MISP instance without per-event authentication, PR could be None.
  • The CAPEC-10 mapping is the closest available pattern; the actual attack involves modifying structured JSON event fields rather than traditional HTTP parameters, so the mapping is approximate.
  • No specific affected or fixed version numbers are provided in the patch metadata; the version range is marked as unspecified.
  • The commit message references 'ID 004' as a prior related fix, suggesting this is a follow-up to an earlier incomplete case-sensitivity fix, but no further details about that prior fix are available in the patch.
Model comparison

Selected qwen3.8:27b by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.

Model Score Agreement Confidence Assumptions
qwen3.8:27b 7 11 medium 5
bcp-05-x-03
Vulnerability handling and disclosure timeline
GCVE-BCP-05-X-03
  1. 2026-10-26 09:25 UTC Fix developed Corrective change authored (9868b1d93fc9cc40cc7c69ca11c86afd825bbc1c): fix: [security] match categories and required taxonomies https://github.com/MISP/misp-guard/commit/9868b1d93fc9cc40cc7c69ca11c86afd825bbc1c.patch
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-116135 (GCVE-0-2026-116135)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 17:15 – Updated: 2026-11-05 20:57
VLAI
Title
HTTP::Body versions before 1.23_01 for Perl drop mixed-case percent escapes from urlencoded form fields instead of decoding them
Summary
HTTP::Body versions before 1.23_01 for Perl drop mixed-case percent escapes from urlencoded form fields instead of decoding them. The decode table holds only the all-lowercase and all-uppercase spelling of each hex pair, while the escape pattern matches either case. An escape such as %aB finds no entry and is replaced with nothing, joining the bytes on either side. Hex digits in percent escapes are case-insensitive, and conforming decoders return the byte. A remote attacker can send a field name or value that a conforming decoder in front of the application reads differently, so that pass%aBword reaches the application as password.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 20:57 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
CPANSec CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 61/100 over 360 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 0 , < 1.23_01 (custom)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-114132 (GCVE-0-2026-114132)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-21 17:50 – Updated: 2026-10-23 15:10
VLAI
Title
Nuxt: Server-side route rules (`redirect`, `headers`, `proxy`, `ssr`) are skipped for case-variant paths when routing is case-insensitive
Summary
Nuxt is an open-source web development framework for Vue.js. Prior to 4.6.2, Nuxt resolves pages case-insensitively by default while Nitro matches server-side route-rule keys case-sensitively, allowing a request whose path differs only by letter case to render without the server rule intended for that page. The mismatch can skip redirect, headers, proxy, ssr: false, and noScripts, and can cause getRouteRules(event) and matchRouteRules to return no rule for the case variant. Applications that set router.options.sensitive: true in nuxt.config are not affected; setting sensitive only in app/router.options.ts does not establish this exclusion because the server follows the nuxt.config value. Access checks implemented in server middleware, page route middleware, or page data fetching remain independent of this matcher. This issue is fixed in version 4.6.2.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-23 14:47 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
  • CWE-863 - Incorrect Authorization
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7868 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nuxt nuxt Affected: < 4.6.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation MIT-44
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Input Validation

Avoid making decisions based on names of resources (e.g. files) if those resources can have alternate names.

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-20
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.