Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-190

Allowed

Integer Overflow or Wraparound

Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable

The product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may become a very small or negative number.

3903 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-3RC3-5G2J-XQJQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-27 09:30 – Updated: 2026-01-27 09:30
VLAI
Details

Integer Overflow or Wraparound vulnerability in MuntashirAkon AppManager (app/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/compress/archivers/tar modules). This vulnerability is associated with program files TarUtils.Java.

This issue affects AppManager: before 4.0.4.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-1464"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-27T09:15:48Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Integer Overflow or Wraparound vulnerability in MuntashirAkon AppManager (app/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/compress/archivers/tar modules). This vulnerability is associated with program files TarUtils.Java.\n\nThis issue affects AppManager: before 4.0.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-3rc3-5g2j-xqjq",
  "modified": "2026-01-27T09:30:29Z",
  "published": "2026-01-27T09:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1464"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MuntashirAkon/AppManager/pull/1598"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:N/AU:Y/R:U/V:C/RE:L/U:Amber",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3RRW-PV9W-QGCH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-04 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-11 00:01
VLAI
Details

In libxml2 before 2.9.14, several buffer handling functions in buf.c (xmlBuf) and tree.c (xmlBuffer) don't check for integer overflows. This can result in out-of-bounds memory writes. Exploitation requires a victim to open a crafted, multi-gigabyte XML file. Other software using libxml2's buffer functions, for example libxslt through 1.1.35, is affected as well.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-29824"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-03T03:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In libxml2 before 2.9.14, several buffer handling functions in buf.c (xmlBuf*) and tree.c (xmlBuffer*) don\u0027t check for integer overflows. This can result in out-of-bounds memory writes. Exploitation requires a victim to open a crafted, multi-gigabyte XML file. Other software using libxml2\u0027s buffer functions, for example libxslt through 1.1.35, is affected as well.",
  "id": "GHSA-3rrw-pv9w-qgch",
  "modified": "2022-05-11T00:01:54Z",
  "published": "2022-05-04T00:00:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29824"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/2554a2408e09f13652049e5ffb0d26196b02ebab"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/6c283d83eccd940bcde15634ac8c7f100e3caefd"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/tags/v2.9.14"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxslt/-/tags"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/05/msg00023.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FZOBT5Y6Y2QLDDX2HZGMV7MJMWGXORKK"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/P3NVZVWFRBXBI3AKZZWUWY6INQQPQVSF"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/P5363EDV5VHZ5C77ODA43RYDCPMA7ARM"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-03"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220715-0006"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5142"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167345/libxml2-xmlBufAdd-Heap-Buffer-Overflow.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/169825/libxml2-xmlParseNameComplex-Integer-Overflow.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3V2P-PV62-PG94

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:27 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:31
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Artifex Software, Inc. MuJS before 8f62ea10a0af68e56d5c00720523ebcba13c2e6a. The MakeDay function in jsdate.c does not validate the month, leading to an integer overflow when parsing a specially crafted JS file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-5628"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-01-30T04:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Artifex Software, Inc. MuJS before 8f62ea10a0af68e56d5c00720523ebcba13c2e6a. The MakeDay function in jsdate.c does not validate the month, leading to an integer overflow when parsing a specially crafted JS file.",
  "id": "GHSA-3v2p-pv62-pg94",
  "modified": "2025-04-20T03:31:59Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:27:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5628"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=697496"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://git.ghostscript.com/?p=mujs.git%3Bh=8f62ea10a0af68e56d5c00720523ebcba13c2e6a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://git.ghostscript.com/?p=mujs.git;h=8f62ea10a0af68e56d5c00720523ebcba13c2e6a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95855"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3V6P-5M88-XQX6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:18 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:18
VLAI
Details

Integer overflow in the wrestool program in icoutils before 0.31.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted executable, which triggers a denial of service (application crash) or the possibility of execution of arbitrary code.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-5208"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-08-22T18:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Integer overflow in the wrestool program in icoutils before 0.31.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted executable, which triggers a denial of service (application crash) or the possibility of execution of arbitrary code.",
  "id": "GHSA-3v6p-5m88-xqx6",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T01:18:46Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:18:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5208"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1411251"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201801-12"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017-0837.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-3756"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2017/01/08/5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95315"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3V99-HPV7-9HH9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:51 – Updated: 2024-11-21 22:17
VLAI
Summary
Capstone Integer overflow
Details

Integer overflow in the cs_winkernel_malloc function in winkernel_mm.c in Capstone 3.0.4 and earlier allows attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow in a kernel driver) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a large value.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "capstone"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.0.5rc2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-6952"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-11-21T22:17:39Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-03-16T21:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Integer overflow in the cs_winkernel_malloc function in winkernel_mm.c in Capstone 3.0.4 and earlier allows attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow in a kernel driver) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a large value.",
  "id": "GHSA-3v99-hpv7-9hh9",
  "modified": "2024-11-21T22:17:39Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:51:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6952"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/aquynh/capstone/commit/6fe86eef621b9849f51a5e1e5d73258a93440403"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/capstone-engine/capstone"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/capstone/PYSEC-2017-113.yaml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Capstone Integer overflow"
}

GHSA-3V9M-736C-4X7X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-19 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:35
VLAI
Details

In PVRSRVBridgeRGXKickTA3D of the PowerVR kernel driver, a missing size check means there is a possible integer overflow that could allow out-of-bounds heap access. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android SoCAndroid ID: A-270396792

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-0880"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-19T20:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In PVRSRVBridgeRGXKickTA3D of the PowerVR kernel driver, a missing size check means there is a possible integer overflow that could allow out-of-bounds heap access. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android SoCAndroid ID: A-270396792",
  "id": "GHSA-3v9m-736c-4x7x",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T03:35:33Z",
  "published": "2023-04-19T21:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0880"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2023-04-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3VHP-J7W2-QXHV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 00:55 – Updated: 2022-05-14 00:55
VLAI
Details

procps-ng before version 3.3.15 is vulnerable to an incorrect integer size in proc/alloc.* leading to truncation/integer overflow issues. This flaw is related to CVE-2018-1124.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-1126"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-05-23T13:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "procps-ng before version 3.3.15 is vulnerable to an incorrect integer size in proc/alloc.* leading to truncation/integer overflow issues. This flaw is related to CVE-2018-1124.",
  "id": "GHSA-3vhp-j7w2-qxhv",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T00:55:30Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T00:55:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1126"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:1700"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:1777"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:1820"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2267"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2268"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1944"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2018-1126"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://help.ecostruxureit.com/display/public/UADCE725/Security+fixes+in+StruxureWare+Data+Center+Expert+v7.6.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/05/msg00021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3658-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3658-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4208"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.qualys.com/2018/05/17/procps-ng-audit-report-advisory.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-10/msg00058.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-10/msg00059.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2018/q2/122"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104214"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041057"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3VXF-WG7J-JJ54

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:47 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:47
VLAI
Details

There is a integer overflow in media_tools/av_parsers.c in the hevc_parse_slice_segment function in GPAC 1.0.1 which results in a crash.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-30014"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-04-19T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "There is a integer overflow in media_tools/av_parsers.c in the hevc_parse_slice_segment function in GPAC 1.0.1 which results in a crash.",
  "id": "GHSA-3vxf-wg7j-jj54",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:47:50Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:47:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-30014"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/gpac/gpac/issues/1721"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/gpac/gpac/commit/51cdb67ff7c5f1242ac58c5aa603ceaf1793b788"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-3W5G-989P-35R8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-10 00:00 – Updated: 2026-03-06 22:40
VLAI
Summary
Apache Avro Rust SDK corrupted data read can cause crash
Details

It is possible to crash (panic) an application by providing a corrupted data to be read. This issue affects Rust applications using Apache Avro Rust SDK prior to 0.14.0 (previously known as avro-rs). Users should update to apache-avro version 0.14.0 which addresses this issue.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "apache-avro"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-36125"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190",
      "CWE-20"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-08-18T19:14:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-09T07:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "It is possible to crash (panic) an application by providing a corrupted data to be read. This issue affects Rust applications using Apache Avro Rust SDK prior to 0.14.0 (previously known as avro-rs). Users should update to apache-avro version 0.14.0 which addresses this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-3w5g-989p-35r8",
  "modified": "2026-03-06T22:40:31Z",
  "published": "2022-08-10T00:00:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36125"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/a0x8o/avro"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/t1r5xz0pvhm4tosqopjpj6dz8zlsht07"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Apache Avro Rust SDK corrupted data read can cause crash"
}

GHSA-3W5P-95MH-GQ75

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-18 13:05 – Updated: 2026-06-18 13:05
VLAI
Summary
NCalc: Denial of Service via Unbounded and Non-Terminating Factorial Evaluation
Details

Impact

A denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerability exists in the factorial operator implementation of NCalc. Specially crafted expressions containing extremely large factorial operands can trigger excessive CPU consumption or cause evaluation to enter a non-terminating loop due to integer overflow in the factorial calculation logic.

Applications that evaluate untrusted expressions using affected versions of NCalc may be vulnerable to resource exhaustion, potentially resulting in service disruption or application unresponsiveness.

This issue can be triggered with expressions such as:

99999999999999!
9223372036854775807!
1.5e16!

Patches

The vulnerability has been fixed by adding bounds validation for factorial operands and rejecting unsupported values before evaluation.

Users should upgrade to the first release containing the fix from pull request #575. (v6.1.1+)

Workarounds

If upgrading is not immediately possible:

  • Do not evaluate expressions originating from untrusted users.
  • Validate or sanitize expressions before evaluation and reject factorial operations on large values.
  • Implement execution time limits, request timeouts, or cancellation mechanisms around expression evaluation.

These mitigations may reduce exposure but do not fully address the underlying vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "NCalc.Core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.1.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "NCalcSync"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.1.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-55254"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-18T13:05:37Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nA denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerability exists in the factorial operator implementation of NCalc. Specially crafted expressions containing extremely large factorial operands can trigger excessive CPU consumption or cause evaluation to enter a non-terminating loop due to integer overflow in the factorial calculation logic.\n\nApplications that evaluate untrusted expressions using affected versions of NCalc may be vulnerable to resource exhaustion, potentially resulting in service disruption or application unresponsiveness.\n\nThis issue can be triggered with expressions such as:\n\n```text\n99999999999999!\n9223372036854775807!\n1.5e16!\n```\n\n### Patches\n\nThe vulnerability has been fixed by adding bounds validation for factorial operands and rejecting unsupported values before evaluation.\n\nUsers should upgrade to the first release containing the fix from pull request #575. (**v6.1.1+**)\n\n### Workarounds\n\nIf upgrading is not immediately possible:\n\n* Do not evaluate expressions originating from untrusted users.\n* Validate or sanitize expressions before evaluation and reject factorial operations on large values.\n* Implement execution time limits, request timeouts, or cancellation mechanisms around expression evaluation.\n\nThese mitigations may reduce exposure but do not fully address the underlying vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-3w5p-95mh-gq75",
  "modified": "2026-06-18T13:05:37Z",
  "published": "2026-06-18T13:05:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ncalc/ncalc/security/advisories/GHSA-3w5p-95mh-gq75"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ncalc/ncalc/pull/575"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ncalc/ncalc"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "NCalc: Denial of Service via Unbounded and Non-Terminating Factorial Evaluation"
}

Mitigation
Requirements

Ensure that all protocols are strictly defined, such that all out-of-bounds behavior can be identified simply, and require strict conformance to the protocol.

Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements

Strategy: Language Selection

  • Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • If possible, choose a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking.
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
  • Use libraries or frameworks that make it easier to handle numbers without unexpected consequences.
  • Examples include safe integer handling packages such as SafeInt (C++) or IntegerLib (C or C++). [REF-106]
Mitigation MIT-8
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Perform input validation on any numeric input by ensuring that it is within the expected range. Enforce that the input meets both the minimum and maximum requirements for the expected range.
  • Use unsigned integers where possible. This makes it easier to perform validation for integer overflows. When signed integers are required, ensure that the range check includes minimum values as well as maximum values.
Mitigation MIT-36
Implementation
  • Understand the programming language's underlying representation and how it interacts with numeric calculation (CWE-681). Pay close attention to byte size discrepancies, precision, signed/unsigned distinctions, truncation, conversion and casting between types, "not-a-number" calculations, and how the language handles numbers that are too large or too small for its underlying representation. [REF-7]
  • Also be careful to account for 32-bit, 64-bit, and other potential differences that may affect the numeric representation.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-26
Implementation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Examine compiler warnings closely and eliminate problems with potential security implications, such as signed / unsigned mismatch in memory operations, or use of uninitialized variables. Even if the weakness is rarely exploitable, a single failure may lead to the compromise of the entire system.

CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow

This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.