CWE-190
AllowedInteger Overflow or Wraparound
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may become a very small or negative number.
3907 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4H82-F35F-JVF5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:51 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:23An issue was discovered in Xpdf 4.01.01. There is an Integer overflow in the function JBIG2Bitmap::combine at JBIG2Stream.cc for the "one byte per line" case.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-14288"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-27T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Xpdf 4.01.01. There is an Integer overflow in the function JBIG2Bitmap::combine at JBIG2Stream.cc for the \"one byte per line\" case.",
"id": "GHSA-4h82-f35f-jvf5",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:23:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:51:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-14288"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forum.xpdfreader.com/viewtopic.php?f=3\u0026t=41851"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TeamSeri0us/pocs/tree/master/xpdf/4.01.01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4HCP-RR7C-2JM2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-21 21:30 – Updated: 2024-10-28 18:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/amd/display: Avoid overflow assignment in link_dp_cts
sampling_rate is an uint8_t but is assigned an unsigned int, and thus it can overflow. As a result, sampling_rate is changed to uint32_t.
Similarly, LINK_QUAL_PATTERN_SET has a size of 2 bits, and it should only be assigned to a value less or equal than 4.
This fixes 2 INTEGER_OVERFLOW issues reported by Coverity.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-50016"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-21T19:15:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/amd/display: Avoid overflow assignment in link_dp_cts\n\nsampling_rate is an uint8_t but is assigned an unsigned int, and thus it\ncan overflow. As a result, sampling_rate is changed to uint32_t.\n\nSimilarly, LINK_QUAL_PATTERN_SET has a size of 2 bits, and it should\nonly be assigned to a value less or equal than 4.\n\nThis fixes 2 INTEGER_OVERFLOW issues reported by Coverity.",
"id": "GHSA-4hcp-rr7c-2jm2",
"modified": "2024-10-28T18:31:40Z",
"published": "2024-10-21T21:30:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-50016"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/26ced9d86240868f5b41708ceee02e6ec2924498"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a1495acc6234fa79b775599d3f49009afd53299f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a15268787b79fd183dd526cc16bec9af4f4e49a1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/adeed800bc30ef718478b28c08f79231e5980e3d"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4HJ9-GJV4-4363
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-10 00:00 – Updated: 2025-05-01 18:31Apache HTTP Server 2.4.53 and earlier may crash or disclose information due to a read beyond bounds in ap_strcmp_match() when provided with an extremely large input buffer. While no code distributed with the server can be coerced into such a call, third-party modules or lua scripts that use ap_strcmp_match() may hypothetically be affected.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28615"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-09T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Apache HTTP Server 2.4.53 and earlier may crash or disclose information due to a read beyond bounds in ap_strcmp_match() when provided with an extremely large input buffer. While no code distributed with the server can be coerced into such a call, third-party modules or lua scripts that use ap_strcmp_match() may hypothetically be affected.",
"id": "GHSA-4hj9-gjv4-4363",
"modified": "2025-05-01T18:31:42Z",
"published": "2022-06-10T00:00:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28615"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/7QUGG2QZWHTITMABFLVXA4DNYUOTPWYQ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YPY2BLEVJWFH34AX77ZJPLD2OOBYR6ND"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/7QUGG2QZWHTITMABFLVXA4DNYUOTPWYQ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YPY2BLEVJWFH34AX77ZJPLD2OOBYR6ND"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-20"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220624-0005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/06/08/9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4HMJ-JQ37-HMF2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 00:34 – Updated: 2026-07-02 15:32Integer overflow in Safe Browsing in Google Chrome on Mac prior to 150.0.7871.47 allowed a remote attacker to bypass navigation restrictions via a malicious file. (Chromium security severity: Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-13974"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190",
"CWE-472"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-30T23:17:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Integer overflow in Safe Browsing in Google Chrome on Mac prior to 150.0.7871.47 allowed a remote attacker to bypass navigation restrictions via a malicious file. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
"id": "GHSA-4hmj-jq37-hmf2",
"modified": "2026-07-02T15:32:01Z",
"published": "2026-07-01T00:34:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-13974"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_0175352312.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/513850475"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4HQ6-C566-V4H6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-29 21:30 – Updated: 2025-10-29 21:30GIMP WBMP File Parsing Integer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of GIMP. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of WBMP files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in an integer overflow before allocating a buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-27878.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-10923"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-29T20:15:35Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "GIMP WBMP File Parsing Integer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of GIMP. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of WBMP files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in an integer overflow before allocating a buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-27878.",
"id": "GHSA-4hq6-c566-v4h6",
"modified": "2025-10-29T21:30:33Z",
"published": "2025-10-29T21:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10923"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gimp/-/commit/2d2d39f3da1d0b01ca7d71ad2b7a8725ee92ed96"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-912"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4HVH-M426-WV8W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-30 03:30 – Updated: 2026-05-12 12:32An issue was discovered in libexpat before 2.6.3. xmlparse.c does not reject a negative length for XML_ParseBuffer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-45490"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190",
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-30T03:15:03Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in libexpat before 2.6.3. xmlparse.c does not reject a negative length for XML_ParseBuffer.",
"id": "GHSA-4hvh-m426-wv8w",
"modified": "2026-05-12T12:32:05Z",
"published": "2024-08-30T03:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45490"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/issues/887"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/pull/890"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-613116.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/09/msg00036.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20241018-0004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Dec/10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Dec/12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Dec/6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Dec/7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Dec/8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4J5W-HMF4-595G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:36In decode_Huffman of JBig2_SddProc.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an integer overflow. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-11Android ID: A-155473137
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-0495"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-15T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In decode_Huffman of JBig2_SddProc.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an integer overflow. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-11Android ID: A-155473137",
"id": "GHSA-4j5w-hmf4-595g",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:36:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:36:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-0495"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2020-12-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-4J6F-P6G5-R4MH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-30 00:34 – Updated: 2026-04-02 21:31An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 16.7.9 and iPadOS 16.7.9, macOS Ventura 13.6.8, iOS 17.6 and iPadOS 17.6, watchOS 10.6, tvOS 17.6, visionOS 1.3, macOS Sonoma 14.6. Processing a maliciously crafted file may lead to unexpected app termination.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-40784"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-29T23:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 16.7.9 and iPadOS 16.7.9, macOS Ventura 13.6.8, iOS 17.6 and iPadOS 17.6, watchOS 10.6, tvOS 17.6, visionOS 1.3, macOS Sonoma 14.6. Processing a maliciously crafted file may lead to unexpected app termination.",
"id": "GHSA-4j6f-p6g5-r4mh",
"modified": "2026-04-02T21:31:49Z",
"published": "2024-07-30T00:34:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-40784"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120908"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120909"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120911"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120912"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120914"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120915"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120916"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214116"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214117"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214119"
},
{
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"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214120"
},
{
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"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214122"
},
{
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"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214123"
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{
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"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214124"
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{
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"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214116"
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{
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"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214117"
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"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214119"
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"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214120"
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{
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"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214122"
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{
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"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214123"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214124"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/16"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/17"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/18"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/19"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/21"
},
{
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"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/22"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/23"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4J76-6GGR-2P88
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:27 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:33Integer overflow in libavcodec/mpeg12dec.c in libav 11.8 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-9822"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-03-01T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Integer overflow in libavcodec/mpeg12dec.c in libav 11.8 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted file.",
"id": "GHSA-4j76-6ggr-2p88",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:33:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:27:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-9822"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blogs.gentoo.org/ago/2016/12/01/libav-multiple-crashes-from-the-undefined-behavior-sanitizer"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-3833"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94732"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4J97-QMHM-9528
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:35 – Updated: 2023-03-12 00:30A floating point math calculation in ScaleAnyToQuantum() of /MagickCore/quantum-private.h could lead to undefined behavior in the form of a value outside the range of type unsigned long long. The flaw could be triggered by a crafted input file under certain conditions when it is processed by ImageMagick. Red Hat Product Security marked this as Low because although it could potentially lead to an impact to application availability, no specific impact was shown in this case. This flaw affects ImageMagick versions prior to 7.0.8-68.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-27757"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-08T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A floating point math calculation in ScaleAnyToQuantum() of /MagickCore/quantum-private.h could lead to undefined behavior in the form of a value outside the range of type unsigned long long. The flaw could be triggered by a crafted input file under certain conditions when it is processed by ImageMagick. Red Hat Product Security marked this as Low because although it could potentially lead to an impact to application availability, no specific impact was shown in this case. This flaw affects ImageMagick versions prior to 7.0.8-68.",
"id": "GHSA-4j97-qmhm-9528",
"modified": "2023-03-12T00:30:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:35:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-27757"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1894234"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/03/msg00030.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/03/msg00008.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Ensure that all protocols are strictly defined, such that all out-of-bounds behavior can be identified simply, and require strict conformance to the protocol.
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- If possible, choose a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking.
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- Use libraries or frameworks that make it easier to handle numbers without unexpected consequences.
- Examples include safe integer handling packages such as SafeInt (C++) or IntegerLib (C or C++). [REF-106]
Mitigation MIT-8
Strategy: Input Validation
- Perform input validation on any numeric input by ensuring that it is within the expected range. Enforce that the input meets both the minimum and maximum requirements for the expected range.
- Use unsigned integers where possible. This makes it easier to perform validation for integer overflows. When signed integers are required, ensure that the range check includes minimum values as well as maximum values.
Mitigation MIT-36
- Understand the programming language's underlying representation and how it interacts with numeric calculation (CWE-681). Pay close attention to byte size discrepancies, precision, signed/unsigned distinctions, truncation, conversion and casting between types, "not-a-number" calculations, and how the language handles numbers that are too large or too small for its underlying representation. [REF-7]
- Also be careful to account for 32-bit, 64-bit, and other potential differences that may affect the numeric representation.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-26
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Examine compiler warnings closely and eliminate problems with potential security implications, such as signed / unsigned mismatch in memory operations, or use of uninitialized variables. Even if the weakness is rarely exploitable, a single failure may lead to the compromise of the entire system.
CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow
This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.