CWE-190
AllowedInteger Overflow or Wraparound
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may become a very small or negative number.
4312 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-X4PR-8J2P-F6J2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:02 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:31Integer overflow in the mov_build_index function in libavformat/mov.c in FFmpeg before 2.8.8, 3.0.x before 3.0.3 and 3.1.x before 3.1.1 allows remote attackers to have unspecified impact via vectors involving sample size.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-6164"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-01-23T21:59:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Integer overflow in the mov_build_index function in libavformat/mov.c in FFmpeg before 2.8.8, 3.0.x before 3.0.3 and 3.1.x before 3.1.1 allows remote attackers to have unspecified impact via vectors involving sample size.",
"id": "GHSA-x4pr-8j2p-f6j2",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:31:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:02:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6164"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ffmpeg.org/security.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://git.videolan.org/gitweb.cgi/ffmpeg.git/?a=commit%3Bh=8a3221cc67a516dfc1700bdae3566ec52c7ee823"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://git.videolan.org/gitweb.cgi/ffmpeg.git/?a=commit;h=8a3221cc67a516dfc1700bdae3566ec52c7ee823"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95862"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X4QM-MCJQ-V2GF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-25 20:55 – Updated: 2023-06-13 20:26Affected versions of this crate contained a bug in which untrusted input could cause an overflow and panic when converting a Timestamp to SystemTime. It is recommended to upgrade to prost-types v0.8 and switch the usage of From for SystemTime to TryFrom for SystemTime.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "prost-types"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.8.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-38192"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-120",
"CWE-190"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-08-18T21:29:54Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-08T06:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Affected versions of this crate contained a bug in which untrusted input could cause an overflow and panic when converting a Timestamp to SystemTime. It is recommended to upgrade to prost-types v0.8 and switch the usage of From\u003cTimestamp\u003e for SystemTime to TryFrom\u003cTimestamp\u003e for SystemTime.",
"id": "GHSA-x4qm-mcjq-v2gf",
"modified": "2023-06-13T20:26:47Z",
"published": "2021-08-25T20:55:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38192"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tokio-rs/prost/issues/438"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tokio-rs/prost/pull/439"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tokio-rs/prost/commit/59f2a7311dd6540696bfd0145f5281ce495f4385"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/tokio-rs/prost/tree/master/prost-types"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2021-0073.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Overflow in prost-types"
}
GHSA-X4QX-4FJV-HMW6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-09 23:45 – Updated: 2024-11-13 22:33Impact
The implementation of SparseCountSparseOutput can be made to crash a TensorFlow process by an integer overflow whose result is then used in a memory allocation:
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
tf.raw_ops.SparseCountSparseOutput(
indices=[[1,1]],
values=[2],
dense_shape=[2 ** 31, 2 ** 32],
weights=[1],
binary_output=True,
minlength=-1,
maxlength=-1,
name=None)
Patches
We have patched the issue in GitHub commit 6f4d3e8139ec724dbbcb40505891c81dd1052c4a.
The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.8.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.7.1, TensorFlow 2.6.3, and TensorFlow 2.5.3, as these are also affected and still in supported range.
For more information
Please consult our security guide for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.
Attribution
This vulnerability has been reported by Faysal Hossain Shezan from University of Virginia.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.6.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.6.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.7.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"2.7.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.6.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.6.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.7.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"2.7.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.6.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.6.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.7.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"2.7.0"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-21738"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-02-03T20:03:36Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-03T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact \nThe [implementation of `SparseCountSparseOutput`](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/5100e359aef5c8021f2e71c7b986420b85ce7b3d/tensorflow/core/kernels/count_ops.cc#L168-L273) can be made to crash a TensorFlow process by an integer overflow whose result is then used in a memory allocation:\n\n```python\nimport tensorflow as tf\nimport numpy as np\n \ntf.raw_ops.SparseCountSparseOutput(\n indices=[[1,1]],\n values=[2],\n dense_shape=[2 ** 31, 2 ** 32],\n weights=[1],\n binary_output=True,\n minlength=-1,\n maxlength=-1,\n name=None)\n```\n\n### Patches\nWe have patched the issue in GitHub commit [6f4d3e8139ec724dbbcb40505891c81dd1052c4a](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/6f4d3e8139ec724dbbcb40505891c81dd1052c4a).\n\nThe fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.8.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.7.1, TensorFlow 2.6.3, and TensorFlow 2.5.3, as these are also affected and still in supported range.\n\n### For more information\nPlease consult [our security guide](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/SECURITY.md) for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.\n\n### Attribution\nThis vulnerability has been reported by Faysal Hossain Shezan from University of Virginia.",
"id": "GHSA-x4qx-4fjv-hmw6",
"modified": "2024-11-13T22:33:01Z",
"published": "2022-02-09T23:45:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/security/advisories/GHSA-x4qx-4fjv-hmw6"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-21738"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/6f4d3e8139ec724dbbcb40505891c81dd1052c4a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-cpu/PYSEC-2022-62.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-gpu/PYSEC-2022-117.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/5100e359aef5c8021f2e71c7b986420b85ce7b3d/tensorflow/core/kernels/count_ops.cc#L168-L273"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Integer overflow leading to crash in Tensorflow"
}
GHSA-X57C-56XP-XRPH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-13 18:38 – Updated: 2024-02-13 18:38Microsoft Word Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21379"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-13T18:15:55Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft Word Remote Code Execution Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-x57c-56xp-xrph",
"modified": "2024-02-13T18:38:24Z",
"published": "2024-02-13T18:38:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21379"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-21379"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X582-7573-343X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-20 03:31 – Updated: 2026-03-20 15:31Integer overflow in Dawn in Google Chrome on Mac prior to 146.0.7680.153 allowed a remote attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4453"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190",
"CWE-472"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-20T02:16:38Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Integer overflow in Dawn in Google Chrome on Mac prior to 146.0.7680.153 allowed a remote attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)",
"id": "GHSA-x582-7573-343x",
"modified": "2026-03-20T15:31:11Z",
"published": "2026-03-20T03:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4453"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/03/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_18.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/488400770"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X58R-7627-PG7C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-11 18:30 – Updated: 2024-06-11 18:30Microsoft Event Trace Log File Parsing Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-30072"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-11T17:15:53Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft Event Trace Log File Parsing Remote Code Execution Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-x58r-7627-pg7c",
"modified": "2024-06-11T18:30:49Z",
"published": "2024-06-11T18:30:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-30072"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-30072"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X59Q-66Q3-MMF8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:16 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:50In nDPI through 3.2 Stable, the SSH protocol dissector has multiple KEXINIT integer overflows that result in a controlled remote heap overflow in concat_hash_string in ssh.c. Due to the granular nature of the overflow primitive and the ability to control both the contents and layout of the nDPI library's heap memory through remote input, this vulnerability may be abused to achieve full Remote Code Execution against any network inspection stack that is linked against nDPI and uses it to perform network traffic analysis.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-11939"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-04-23T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In nDPI through 3.2 Stable, the SSH protocol dissector has multiple KEXINIT integer overflows that result in a controlled remote heap overflow in concat_hash_string in ssh.c. Due to the granular nature of the overflow primitive and the ability to control both the contents and layout of the nDPI library\u0027s heap memory through remote input, this vulnerability may be abused to achieve full Remote Code Execution against any network inspection stack that is linked against nDPI and uses it to perform network traffic analysis.",
"id": "GHSA-x59q-66q3-mmf8",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:50:05Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:16:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-11939"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ntop/nDPI/commit/7ce478a58b4dd29a8d1e6f4e9df2f778613d9202"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2020-051_052-ntop-ndpi"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X5FR-93XJ-6PP3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:11 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:11In OMA DRM, there is a possible memory corruption due to an integer overflow. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS05722434; Issue ID: ALPS05722434.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-0627"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-18T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In OMA DRM, there is a possible memory corruption due to an integer overflow. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS05722434; Issue ID: ALPS05722434.",
"id": "GHSA-x5fr-93xj-6pp3",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:11:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:11:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0627"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/August-2021"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X5GR-9MC7-WWFG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-21 01:57 – Updated: 2023-02-02 15:30An integer overflow condition in poppler before 0.16.3 can occur when parsing CharCodes for fonts.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-4653"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-11-13T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An integer overflow condition in poppler before 0.16.3 can occur when parsing CharCodes for fonts.",
"id": "GHSA-x5gr-9mc7-wwfg",
"modified": "2023-02-02T15:30:40Z",
"published": "2022-04-21T01:57:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-4653"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2010-4653"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=672165"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2010-4653"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2010-4653"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/glsa-201310-03.xml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/45948"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X5HW-CVGG-Q39Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:12 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:12The mintToken function of a smart contract implementation for YAMBYO, an Ethereum token, has an integer overflow that allows the owner of the contract to set the balance of an arbitrary user to any value.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-13675"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-09T06:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The mintToken function of a smart contract implementation for YAMBYO, an Ethereum token, has an integer overflow that allows the owner of the contract to set the balance of an arbitrary user to any value.",
"id": "GHSA-x5hw-cvgg-q39q",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:12:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:12:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-13675"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/BlockChainsSecurity/EtherTokens/blob/master/GEMCHAIN/mint%20integer%20overflow.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/BlockChainsSecurity/EtherTokens/tree/master/YAMBYO"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Ensure that all protocols are strictly defined, such that all out-of-bounds behavior can be identified simply, and require strict conformance to the protocol.
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- If possible, choose a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking.
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- Use libraries or frameworks that make it easier to handle numbers without unexpected consequences.
- Examples include safe integer handling packages such as SafeInt (C++) or IntegerLib (C or C++). [REF-106]
Mitigation MIT-8
Strategy: Input Validation
- Perform input validation on any numeric input by ensuring that it is within the expected range. Enforce that the input meets both the minimum and maximum requirements for the expected range.
- Use unsigned integers where possible. This makes it easier to perform validation for integer overflows. When signed integers are required, ensure that the range check includes minimum values as well as maximum values.
Mitigation MIT-36
- Understand the programming language's underlying representation and how it interacts with numeric calculation (CWE-681). Pay close attention to byte size discrepancies, precision, signed/unsigned distinctions, truncation, conversion and casting between types, "not-a-number" calculations, and how the language handles numbers that are too large or too small for its underlying representation. [REF-7]
- Also be careful to account for 32-bit, 64-bit, and other potential differences that may affect the numeric representation.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-26
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Examine compiler warnings closely and eliminate problems with potential security implications, such as signed / unsigned mismatch in memory operations, or use of uninitialized variables. Even if the weakness is rarely exploitable, a single failure may lead to the compromise of the entire system.
CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow
This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.