CWE-201
AllowedInsertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The code transmits data to another actor, but a portion of the data includes sensitive information that should not be accessible to that actor.
674 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2FC2-FMG6-QJPW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-15 15:31 – Updated: 2026-06-15 15:31Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Stiofan GetPaid allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.
This issue affects GetPaid: from n/a through 2.8.49.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-49064"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-15T14:16:35Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Stiofan GetPaid allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.\n\nThis issue affects GetPaid: from n/a through 2.8.49.",
"id": "GHSA-2fc2-fmg6-qjpw",
"modified": "2026-06-15T15:31:33Z",
"published": "2026-06-15T15:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-49064"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/invoicing/vulnerability/wordpress-getpaid-plugin-2-8-49-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FF9-PFJH-8587
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-06 18:32 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:31Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Sovlix MeetingHub meetinghub allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects MeetingHub: from n/a through <= 1.23.9.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-62038"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-06T16:16:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Sovlix MeetingHub meetinghub allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects MeetingHub: from n/a through \u003c= 1.23.9.",
"id": "GHSA-2ff9-pfjh-8587",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:31:53Z",
"published": "2025-11-06T18:32:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62038"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/meetinghub/vulnerability/wordpress-meetinghub-plugin-1-23-9-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/meetinghub/vulnerability/wordpress-meetinghub-plugin-1-23-9-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/meetinghub/vulnerability/wordpress-meetinghub-plugin-1-23-9-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FPF-9QRW-VJ6R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-27 00:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:31Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in InstaWP Team InstaWP Connect – 1-click WP Staging & Migration.This issue affects InstaWP Connect – 1-click WP Staging & Migration: from n/a through 0.1.0.9.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-23506"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-27T00:15:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in InstaWP Team InstaWP Connect \u2013 1-click WP Staging \u0026 Migration.This issue affects InstaWP Connect \u2013 1-click WP Staging \u0026 Migration: from n/a through 0.1.0.9.",
"id": "GHSA-2fpf-9qrw-vj6r",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:31:41Z",
"published": "2024-01-27T00:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-23506"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/instawp-connect/vulnerability/wordpress-instawp-connect-plugin-0-1-0-9-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/instawp-connect/wordpress-instawp-connect-plugin-0-1-0-9-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FRH-GC5F-R5QJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-25 15:32 – Updated: 2026-06-25 15:32Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Saad Iqbal APIExperts Square for WooCommerce allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.
This issue affects APIExperts Square for WooCommerce: from n/a through 4.7.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-54848"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-25T14:16:49Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Saad Iqbal APIExperts Square for WooCommerce allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.\n\nThis issue affects APIExperts Square for WooCommerce: from n/a through 4.7.3.",
"id": "GHSA-2frh-gc5f-r5qj",
"modified": "2026-06-25T15:32:01Z",
"published": "2026-06-25T15:32:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-54848"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/woosquare/vulnerability/wordpress-apiexperts-square-for-woocommerce-plugin-4-7-3-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2MHH-W6Q8-5HXW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-02-18 23:56 – Updated: 2020-08-31 18:09Versions of ws prior to 1.0.1 are affected by a remote memory disclosure vulnerability.
In certain rare circumstances, applications which allow users to control the arguments of a client.ping() call will cause ws to send the contents of an allocated but non-zero-filled buffer to the server. This may disclose sensitive information that still exists in memory after previous use of the memory for other tasks.
Proof of Concept
var ws = require('ws')
var server = new ws.Server({ port: 9000 })
var client = new ws('ws://localhost:9000')
client.on('open', function () {
console.log('open')
client.ping(50) // this sends a non-zeroed buffer of 50 bytes
client.on('pong', function (data) {
console.log('got pong')
console.log(data) // Data from the client.
})
})
Recommendation
Update to version 1.0.1 or greater.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "ws"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-10518"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T20:52:34Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Versions of `ws` prior to 1.0.1 are affected by a remote memory disclosure vulnerability.\n\nIn certain rare circumstances, applications which allow users to control the arguments of a `client.ping()` call will cause `ws` to send the contents of an allocated but non-zero-filled buffer to the server. This may disclose sensitive information that still exists in memory after previous use of the memory for other tasks.\n\n\n\n## Proof of Concept\n```\nvar ws = require(\u0027ws\u0027)\n\nvar server = new ws.Server({ port: 9000 })\nvar client = new ws(\u0027ws://localhost:9000\u0027)\n\nclient.on(\u0027open\u0027, function () {\n console.log(\u0027open\u0027)\n client.ping(50) // this sends a non-zeroed buffer of 50 bytes\n\n client.on(\u0027pong\u0027, function (data) {\n console.log(\u0027got pong\u0027)\n console.log(data) // Data from the client. \n })\n})\n```\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 1.0.1 or greater.",
"id": "GHSA-2mhh-w6q8-5hxw",
"modified": "2020-08-31T18:09:55Z",
"published": "2019-02-18T23:56:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10518"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/websockets/ws/commit/29293ed11b679e0366fa0f6bb9310b330dafd795"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/c0nrad/e92005446c480707a74a"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2mhh-w6q8-5hxw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/websockets/ws/releases/tag/1.0.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/67"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Remote Memory Disclosure in ws"
}
GHSA-2PV4-Q67J-8W9H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-12 15:30 – Updated: 2024-09-04 21:30The "tokenKey" value used in user authorization is visible in the HTML source of the login page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-49261"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-12T15:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The \"tokenKey\" value used in user authorization is visible in the HTML source of the login page.",
"id": "GHSA-2pv4-q67j-8w9h",
"modified": "2024-09-04T21:30:30Z",
"published": "2024-01-12T15:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49261"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2024/01/CVE-2023-49253"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/posts/2024/01/CVE-2023-49253"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RFP-JRR8-M33F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-19 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-20 18:31Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Shahjahan Jewel Ninja Tables ninja-tables allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Ninja Tables: from n/a through <= 5.2.5.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-25008"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-19T09:16:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Shahjahan Jewel Ninja Tables ninja-tables allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Ninja Tables: from n/a through \u003c= 5.2.5.",
"id": "GHSA-2rfp-jrr8-m33f",
"modified": "2026-02-20T18:31:27Z",
"published": "2026-02-19T18:31:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25008"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/ninja-tables/vulnerability/wordpress-ninja-tables-plugin-5-2-5-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2V6M-6XW3-6467
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-26 19:53 – Updated: 2026-02-26 19:53Summary
A vulnerability in Fleet’s configuration API could expose Google Calendar service account credentials to authenticated users with low-privilege roles. This may allow unauthorized access to Google Calendar resources associated with the service account.
Impact
Fleet returns configuration data through an API endpoint that is accessible to authenticated users, including those with the lowest-privilege “Observer” role. In affected versions, Google Calendar service account credentials were not properly obfuscated before being returned.
As a result, a low-privilege user could retrieve the service account’s private key material. Depending on how the Google Calendar integration is configured, this could allow unauthorized access to calendar data or other Google Workspace resources associated with the service account.
This issue does not allow escalation of privileges within Fleet or access to device management functionality.
Patches
- v4.80.1
Workarounds
If an immediate upgrade is not possible, administrators should remove the Google Calendar integration from Fleet and rotate the affected Google service account credentials.
For more information
If there are any questions or comments about this advisory:
Email Fleet at security@fleetdm.com
Join #fleet in osquery Slack
Credits
Fleet thanks @secfox-ai for responsibly reporting this issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/fleetdm/fleet/v4"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.80.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-27465"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-26T19:53:30Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-26T03:16:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nA vulnerability in Fleet\u2019s configuration API could expose Google Calendar service account credentials to authenticated users with low-privilege roles. This may allow unauthorized access to Google Calendar resources associated with the service account.\n\n### Impact\n\nFleet returns configuration data through an API endpoint that is accessible to authenticated users, including those with the lowest-privilege \u201cObserver\u201d role. In affected versions, Google Calendar service account credentials were not properly obfuscated before being returned.\n\nAs a result, a low-privilege user could retrieve the service account\u2019s private key material. Depending on how the Google Calendar integration is configured, this could allow unauthorized access to calendar data or other Google Workspace resources associated with the service account.\n\nThis issue does not allow escalation of privileges within Fleet or access to device management functionality.\n\n### Patches\n\n- v4.80.1\n\n### Workarounds\n\nIf an immediate upgrade is not possible, administrators should remove the Google Calendar integration from Fleet and rotate the affected Google service account credentials.\n\n### For more information\n\nIf there are any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\nEmail Fleet at [security@fleetdm.com](mailto:security@fleetdm.com) \nJoin #fleet in [osquery Slack](https://join.slack.com/t/osquery/shared_invite/zt-h29zm0gk-s2DBtGUTW4CFel0f0IjTEw)\n\n### Credits\n\nFleet thanks @secfox-ai for responsibly reporting this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-2v6m-6xw3-6467",
"modified": "2026-02-26T19:53:30Z",
"published": "2026-02-26T19:53:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fleetdm/fleet/security/advisories/GHSA-2v6m-6xw3-6467"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27465"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fleetdm/fleet/commit/23fc6804efe785f806f769d6be1f5f05b2e13ec2"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/fleetdm/fleet"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Fleet: Sensitive Google Calendar credentials disclosed to low-privileged users"
}
GHSA-2VHW-Q7VH-7XV2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-01 21:11 – Updated: 2026-04-01 21:11Summary
The /ready endpoint in openssl_encrypt_server/server.py at lines 159-175 catches database errors and returns the full exception string in the response.
Affected Code
except Exception as e:
return {"status": "not_ready", "reason": str(e)}
Impact
Database exception messages can leak: - Database hostnames and IP addresses - Connection parameters and port numbers - Driver version information - Potentially database credentials if included in connection string errors
This information is available to unauthenticated callers.
Recommended Fix
- Return a generic error message:
{"status": "not_ready", "reason": "database unavailable"} - Log the full exception server-side for debugging
Fix
Fixed in commit 7aa8787 on branch releases/1.4.x — replaced str(e) with generic "database check failed" message; full exception logged server-side at WARNING level.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "openssl-encrypt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.4.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-01T21:11:59Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nThe `/ready` endpoint in `openssl_encrypt_server/server.py` at **lines 159-175** catches database errors and returns the full exception string in the response.\n\n### Affected Code\n\n```python\nexcept Exception as e:\n return {\"status\": \"not_ready\", \"reason\": str(e)}\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nDatabase exception messages can leak:\n- Database hostnames and IP addresses\n- Connection parameters and port numbers\n- Driver version information\n- Potentially database credentials if included in connection string errors\n\nThis information is available to unauthenticated callers.\n\n### Recommended Fix\n\n- Return a generic error message: `{\"status\": \"not_ready\", \"reason\": \"database unavailable\"}`\n- Log the full exception server-side for debugging\n\n### Fix\n\nFixed in commit `7aa8787` on branch `releases/1.4.x` \u2014 replaced str(e) with generic \"database check failed\" message; full exception logged server-side at WARNING level.",
"id": "GHSA-2vhw-q7vh-7xv2",
"modified": "2026-04-01T21:11:59Z",
"published": "2026-04-01T21:11:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jahlives/openssl_encrypt/security/advisories/GHSA-2vhw-q7vh-7xv2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jahlives/openssl_encrypt/commit/7aa8787f4de2e9a23f58fca067bb16c4c69d28bb"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jahlives/openssl_encrypt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "openssl-encrypt\u0027s readiness endpoint leaks database error details to unauthenticated callers"
}
GHSA-2X2Q-MGPW-FFXM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:32Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Metagauss EventPrime eventprime-event-calendar-management allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects EventPrime: from n/a through <= 4.2.4.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-63007"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-09T16:18:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Metagauss EventPrime eventprime-event-calendar-management allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects EventPrime: from n/a through \u003c= 4.2.4.1.",
"id": "GHSA-2x2q-mgpw-ffxm",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:03Z",
"published": "2025-12-09T18:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-63007"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/eventprime-event-calendar-management/vulnerability/wordpress-eventprime-plugin-4-2-4-1-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/eventprime-event-calendar-management/vulnerability/wordpress-eventprime-plugin-4-2-4-1-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Specify which data in the software should be regarded as sensitive. Consider which types of users should have access to which types of data.
Mitigation
Ensure that any possibly sensitive data specified in the requirements is verified with designers to ensure that it is either a calculated risk or mitigated elsewhere. Any information that is not necessary to the functionality should be removed in order to lower both the overhead and the possibility of security sensitive data being sent.
Mitigation
Setup default error messages so that unexpected errors do not disclose sensitive information.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-217: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured SSL/TLS
An adversary takes advantage of incorrectly configured SSL/TLS communications that enables access to data intended to be encrypted. The adversary may also use this type of attack to inject commands or other traffic into the encrypted stream to cause compromise of either the client or server.
CAPEC-612: WiFi MAC Address Tracking
In this attack scenario, the attacker passively listens for WiFi messages and logs the associated Media Access Control (MAC) addresses. These addresses are intended to be unique to each wireless device (although they can be configured and changed by software). Once the attacker is able to associate a MAC address with a particular user or set of users (for example, when attending a public event), the attacker can then scan for that MAC address to track that user in the future.
CAPEC-613: WiFi SSID Tracking
In this attack scenario, the attacker passively listens for WiFi management frame messages containing the Service Set Identifier (SSID) for the WiFi network. These messages are frequently transmitted by WiFi access points (e.g., the retransmission device) as well as by clients that are accessing the network (e.g., the handset/mobile device). Once the attacker is able to associate an SSID with a particular user or set of users (for example, when attending a public event), the attacker can then scan for this SSID to track that user in the future.
CAPEC-618: Cellular Broadcast Message Request
In this attack scenario, the attacker uses knowledge of the target’s mobile phone number (i.e., the number associated with the SIM used in the retransmission device) to cause the cellular network to send broadcast messages to alert the mobile device. Since the network knows which cell tower the target’s mobile device is attached to, the broadcast messages are only sent in the Location Area Code (LAC) where the target is currently located. By triggering the cellular broadcast message and then listening for the presence or absence of that message, an attacker could verify that the target is in (or not in) a given location.
CAPEC-619: Signal Strength Tracking
In this attack scenario, the attacker passively monitors the signal strength of the target’s cellular RF signal or WiFi RF signal and uses the strength of the signal (with directional antennas and/or from multiple listening points at once) to identify the source location of the signal. Obtaining the signal of the target can be accomplished through multiple techniques such as through Cellular Broadcast Message Request or through the use of IMSI Tracking or WiFi MAC Address Tracking.
CAPEC-621: Analysis of Packet Timing and Sizes
An attacker may intercept and log encrypted transmissions for the purpose of analyzing metadata such as packet timing and sizes. Although the actual data may be encrypted, this metadata may reveal valuable information to an attacker. Note that this attack is applicable to VOIP data as well as application data, especially for interactive apps that require precise timing and low-latency (e.g. thin-clients).
CAPEC-622: Electromagnetic Side-Channel Attack
In this attack scenario, the attacker passively monitors electromagnetic emanations that are produced by the targeted electronic device as an unintentional side-effect of its processing. From these emanations, the attacker derives information about the data that is being processed (e.g. the attacker can recover cryptographic keys by monitoring emanations associated with cryptographic processing). This style of attack requires proximal access to the device, however attacks have been demonstrated at public conferences that work at distances of up to 10-15 feet. There have not been any significant studies to determine the maximum practical distance for such attacks. Since the attack is passive, it is nearly impossible to detect and the targeted device will continue to operate as normal after a successful attack.
CAPEC-623: Compromising Emanations Attack
Compromising Emanations (CE) are defined as unintentional signals which an attacker may intercept and analyze to disclose the information processed by the targeted equipment. Commercial mobile devices and retransmission devices have displays, buttons, microchips, and radios that emit mechanical emissions in the form of sound or vibrations. Capturing these emissions can help an adversary understand what the device is doing.