CWE-201
AllowedInsertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The code transmits data to another actor, but a portion of the data includes sensitive information that should not be accessible to that actor.
674 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2X52-8F29-7CJR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-07 15:30 – Updated: 2025-02-06 19:33In Eclipse Dataspace Components from version 0.2.1 to 0.6.2, in the EDC Connector component, an attacker might obtain OAuth2 client secrets from the vault.
In Eclipse Dataspace Components from version 0.2.1 to 0.6.2, we have identified a security vulnerability in the EDC Connector component ( https://github.com/eclipse-edc/Connector ) regarding the OAuth2-protected data sink feature. When using a custom, OAuth2-protected data sink, the OAuth2-specific data address properties are resolved by the provider data plane. Problematically, the consumer-provided clientSecretKey, which indicates the OAuth2 client secret to retrieve from a secrets vault, is resolved in the context of the provider's vault, not the consumer. This secret's value is then sent to the tokenUrl, also consumer-controlled, as part of an OAuth2 client credentials grant. The returned access token is then sent as a bearer token to the data sink URL.
This feature is now disabled entirely, because not all code paths necessary for a successful realization were fully implemented.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.edc:connector-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.2.1"
},
{
"fixed": "0.6.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-4536"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-07T16:51:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-07T13:15:48Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Eclipse Dataspace Components from version 0.2.1 to 0.6.2, in the [EDC Connector component](https://github.com/eclipse-edc/Connector), an attacker might obtain OAuth2 client secrets from the vault.\n\nIn Eclipse Dataspace Components from version 0.2.1 to 0.6.2, we have identified a security vulnerability in the EDC Connector component ( https://github.com/eclipse-edc/Connector ) regarding the OAuth2-protected data sink feature. When using a custom, OAuth2-protected data sink, the OAuth2-specific data address properties are resolved by the provider data plane. Problematically, the consumer-provided clientSecretKey, which indicates the OAuth2 client secret to retrieve from a secrets vault, is resolved in the context of the provider\u0027s vault, not the consumer. This secret\u0027s value is then sent to the tokenUrl, also consumer-controlled, as part of an OAuth2 client credentials grant. The returned access token is then sent as a bearer token to the data sink URL.\n\nThis feature is now disabled entirely, because not all code paths necessary for a successful realization were fully implemented.",
"id": "GHSA-2x52-8f29-7cjr",
"modified": "2025-02-06T19:33:44Z",
"published": "2024-05-07T15:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4536"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-edc/Connector/commit/a4e6018d2c0457fba6f672fafa6c590513c45d1b"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-edc/Connector"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-edc/Connector/releases/tag/v0.6.3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/cve-assignement/-/issues/22"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/vulnerability-reports/-/issues/198"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Eclipse Dataspace Components vulnerable to OAuth2 client secret disclosure"
}
GHSA-3278-C88V-XRH4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-19 19:28 – Updated: 2026-06-08 20:13Summary
A vulnerability in the Kong Ingress Controller (KIC) allows for the unauthorized exposure of sensitive plugin credentials through the diagnostics interface. Even when configured to redact sensitive information (using --dump-sensitive-config=false), KIC fails to sanitize the Plugins field in diagnostic configuration dumps. This causes secrets referenced via configFrom.secretKeyRef to be resolved and displayed in plaintext.
Because the diagnostics HTTP endpoints require no authentication, any process within the cluster network capable of reaching the KIC pod can exfiltrate sensitive data, including API keys, bearer tokens, and database passwords.
Am I affected?
You are affected if all of the following hold:
1. You are using Kong Ingress Controller with diagnostics enabled (--dump-config=true).
2. You have not explicitly enabled sensitive dumping (--dump-sensitive-config=false), creating an expectation of redaction.
3. You use KongPlugin or KongClusterPlugin resources that reference Kubernetes Secrets via configFrom.secretKeyRef.
4. The KIC diagnostics port (default 10256) is reachable by other workloads or users within your cluster.
You are not affected if:
- The --dump-config flag is set to false (default behavior).
- You do not use secret-backed configurations in your Kong plugins.
- Access to the KIC pod's diagnostic port is strictly blocked by NetworkPolicies.
Mitigation
- Disable Diagnostics: If not actively debugging, disable the diagnostic server by setting
--dump-config=false. - Network Isolation: Implement a
NetworkPolicyto restrict access to the KIC diagnostics port (default10256), ensuring only authorized administrative pods or IPs can reach it. - Restrict Port-Forwarding: Limit
kubectl port-forwardRBAC permissions to prevent unauthorized users from accessing the pod's local ports.
Fix
The fix introduces proper sanitization for the Plugins field within the configuration state. When sensitive dumping is disabled, the controller now replaces all plugin configuration values with a redaction placeholder before they are served via the diagnostics endpoints. Additionally, it is recommended to ensure your deployment environment follows the principle of least privilege regarding network access to controller components.
Users should upgrade to the latest patched version of Kong Ingress Controller to ensure diagnostic dumps are correctly redacted.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.5.6"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller/v3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.5.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "2.12.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.3.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-19T19:28:48Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nA vulnerability in the Kong Ingress Controller (KIC) allows for the unauthorized exposure of sensitive plugin credentials through the diagnostics interface. Even when configured to redact sensitive information (using `--dump-sensitive-config=false`), KIC fails to sanitize the `Plugins` field in diagnostic configuration dumps. This causes secrets referenced via `configFrom.secretKeyRef` to be resolved and displayed in plaintext.\n\nBecause the diagnostics HTTP endpoints require no authentication, any process within the cluster network capable of reaching the KIC pod can exfiltrate sensitive data, including API keys, bearer tokens, and database passwords.\n\n## Am I affected?\n\nYou are affected if all of the following hold:\n1. You are using Kong Ingress Controller with **diagnostics enabled** (`--dump-config=true`).\n2. You have **not explicitly enabled** sensitive dumping (`--dump-sensitive-config=false`), creating an expectation of redaction.\n3. You use `KongPlugin` or `KongClusterPlugin` resources that reference Kubernetes Secrets via **`configFrom.secretKeyRef`**.\n4. The KIC diagnostics port (default `10256`) is reachable by other workloads or users within your cluster.\n\nYou are not affected if:\n- The `--dump-config` flag is set to `false` (default behavior).\n- You do not use secret-backed configurations in your Kong plugins.\n- Access to the KIC pod\u0027s diagnostic port is strictly blocked by NetworkPolicies.\n\n## Mitigation\n\n1. **Disable Diagnostics**: If not actively debugging, disable the diagnostic server by setting `--dump-config=false`.\n2. **Network Isolation**: Implement a `NetworkPolicy` to restrict access to the KIC diagnostics port (default `10256`), ensuring only authorized administrative pods or IPs can reach it.\n3. **Restrict Port-Forwarding**: Limit `kubectl port-forward` RBAC permissions to prevent unauthorized users from accessing the pod\u0027s local ports.\n\n## Fix\n\nThe fix introduces proper sanitization for the `Plugins` field within the configuration state. When sensitive dumping is disabled, the controller now replaces all plugin configuration values with a redaction placeholder before they are served via the diagnostics endpoints. Additionally, it is recommended to ensure your deployment environment follows the principle of least privilege regarding network access to controller components.\n\nUsers should upgrade to the latest patched version of Kong Ingress Controller to ensure diagnostic dumps are correctly redacted.",
"id": "GHSA-3278-c88v-xrh4",
"modified": "2026-06-08T20:13:51Z",
"published": "2026-05-19T19:28:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller/security/advisories/GHSA-3278-c88v-xrh4"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/Kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Kong Ingress Controller for Kubernetes (KIC): Secret-backed plugin configurations leak through non-sensitive diagnostics endpoint"
}
GHSA-332C-X93C-2RH6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-26 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Benjamin Intal Stackable allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. This issue affects Stackable: from n/a through 3.18.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60095"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-26T09:15:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Benjamin Intal Stackable allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. This issue affects Stackable: from n/a through 3.18.1.",
"id": "GHSA-332c-x93c-2rh6",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:21Z",
"published": "2025-09-26T09:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60095"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/stackable-ultimate-gutenberg-blocks/vulnerability/wordpress-stackable-plugin-3-18-1-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-33Q3-RGGW-HH5X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-22 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Syed Balkhi All In One SEO Pack allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. This issue affects All In One SEO Pack: from n/a through 4.8.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-58649"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-22T19:16:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Syed Balkhi All In One SEO Pack allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. This issue affects All In One SEO Pack: from n/a through 4.8.7.",
"id": "GHSA-33q3-rggw-hh5x",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:16Z",
"published": "2025-09-22T21:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58649"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/all-in-one-seo-pack/vulnerability/wordpress-all-in-one-seo-pack-plugin-4-8-7-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-36MF-Q7M2-W6VP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:39 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:39A vulnerability in the authentication for the general purpose APIs implementation of Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA), Cisco Content Security Management Appliance (SMA), and Cisco Web Security Appliance (WSA) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to access general system information and certain configuration information from an affected device. The vulnerability exists because a secure authentication token is not required when authenticating to the general purpose API. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request for information to the general purpose API on an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to obtain system and configuration information from the affected device, resulting in an unauthorized information disclosure.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1129"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-20T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "\n A vulnerability in the authentication for the general purpose APIs implementation of Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA), Cisco Content Security Management Appliance (SMA), and Cisco Web Security Appliance (WSA) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to access general system information and certain configuration information from an affected device.\n The vulnerability exists because a secure authentication token is not required when authenticating to the general purpose API. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request for information to the general purpose API on an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to obtain system and configuration information from the affected device, resulting in an unauthorized information disclosure.\n ",
"id": "GHSA-36mf-q7m2-w6vp",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:39:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:39:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1129"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-esa-wsa-sma-info-RHp44vAC"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-37M4-HVW3-VWMC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-05 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-29 12:32Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in WP Swings Wallet System for WooCommerce allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Wallet System for WooCommerce: from n/a through 2.7.2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-68029"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-05T11:17:41Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in WP Swings Wallet System for WooCommerce allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Wallet System for WooCommerce: from n/a through 2.7.2.",
"id": "GHSA-37m4-hvw3-vwmc",
"modified": "2026-04-29T12:32:52Z",
"published": "2026-01-05T12:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68029"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wallet-system-for-woocommerce/vulnerability/wordpress-wallet-system-for-woocommerce-plugin-2-7-1-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wallet-system-for-woocommerce/vulnerability/wordpress-wallet-system-for-woocommerce-plugin-2-7-1-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-39QR-5P2V-7PWG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-20 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Crocoblock JetEngine allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. This issue affects JetEngine: from n/a through 3.7.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-53196"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-20T08:15:39Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Crocoblock JetEngine allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. This issue affects JetEngine: from n/a through 3.7.0.",
"id": "GHSA-39qr-5p2v-7pwg",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:54Z",
"published": "2025-08-20T09:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53196"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/jet-engine/vulnerability/wordpress-jetengine-3-7-0-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3C8X-JG6W-85XX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:03 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:03A flaw was found in the xdg-email component of xdg-utils-1.1.0-rc1 and newer. When handling mailto: URIs, xdg-email allows attachments to be discreetly added via the URI when being passed to Thunderbird. An attacker could potentially send a victim a URI that automatically attaches a sensitive file to a new email. If a victim user does not notice that an attachment was added and sends the email, this could result in sensitive information disclosure. It has been confirmed that the code behind this issue is in xdg-email and not in Thunderbird.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-27748"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-01T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in the xdg-email component of xdg-utils-1.1.0-rc1 and newer. When handling mailto: URIs, xdg-email allows attachments to be discreetly added via the URI when being passed to Thunderbird. An attacker could potentially send a victim a URI that automatically attaches a sensitive file to a new email. If a victim user does not notice that an attachment was added and sends the email, this could result in sensitive information disclosure. It has been confirmed that the code behind this issue is in xdg-email and not in Thunderbird.",
"id": "GHSA-3c8x-jg6w-85xx",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:03:47Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:03:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-27748"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1899769"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xdg/xdg-utils/-/issues/177"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-3CH4-XPRR-GJ8J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35Unauthenticated Sensitive Data Exposure in Bricksforge <= 3.1.8.4 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-34888"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T13:20:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Unauthenticated Sensitive Data Exposure in Bricksforge \u003c= 3.1.8.4 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-3ch4-xprr-gj8j",
"modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:48Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T18:35:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34888"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/bricksforge/vulnerability/wordpress-bricksforge-plugin-3-1-8-4-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3FJW-QGVR-6MVC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-06 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in CodeRevolution Crawlomatic Multisite Scraper Post Generator allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. This issue affects Crawlomatic Multisite Scraper Post Generator: from n/a through 2.6.8.2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-49294"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-201"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-06T13:15:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in CodeRevolution Crawlomatic Multisite Scraper Post Generator allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. This issue affects Crawlomatic Multisite Scraper Post Generator: from n/a through 2.6.8.2.",
"id": "GHSA-3fjw-qgvr-6mvc",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:22Z",
"published": "2025-06-06T15:30:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49294"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/crawlomatic-multipage-scraper-post-generator/vulnerability/wordpress-crawlomatic-multisite-scraper-post-generator-plugin-2-6-8-2-sensitive-data-exposure-via-log-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Specify which data in the software should be regarded as sensitive. Consider which types of users should have access to which types of data.
Mitigation
Ensure that any possibly sensitive data specified in the requirements is verified with designers to ensure that it is either a calculated risk or mitigated elsewhere. Any information that is not necessary to the functionality should be removed in order to lower both the overhead and the possibility of security sensitive data being sent.
Mitigation
Setup default error messages so that unexpected errors do not disclose sensitive information.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-217: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured SSL/TLS
An adversary takes advantage of incorrectly configured SSL/TLS communications that enables access to data intended to be encrypted. The adversary may also use this type of attack to inject commands or other traffic into the encrypted stream to cause compromise of either the client or server.
CAPEC-612: WiFi MAC Address Tracking
In this attack scenario, the attacker passively listens for WiFi messages and logs the associated Media Access Control (MAC) addresses. These addresses are intended to be unique to each wireless device (although they can be configured and changed by software). Once the attacker is able to associate a MAC address with a particular user or set of users (for example, when attending a public event), the attacker can then scan for that MAC address to track that user in the future.
CAPEC-613: WiFi SSID Tracking
In this attack scenario, the attacker passively listens for WiFi management frame messages containing the Service Set Identifier (SSID) for the WiFi network. These messages are frequently transmitted by WiFi access points (e.g., the retransmission device) as well as by clients that are accessing the network (e.g., the handset/mobile device). Once the attacker is able to associate an SSID with a particular user or set of users (for example, when attending a public event), the attacker can then scan for this SSID to track that user in the future.
CAPEC-618: Cellular Broadcast Message Request
In this attack scenario, the attacker uses knowledge of the target’s mobile phone number (i.e., the number associated with the SIM used in the retransmission device) to cause the cellular network to send broadcast messages to alert the mobile device. Since the network knows which cell tower the target’s mobile device is attached to, the broadcast messages are only sent in the Location Area Code (LAC) where the target is currently located. By triggering the cellular broadcast message and then listening for the presence or absence of that message, an attacker could verify that the target is in (or not in) a given location.
CAPEC-619: Signal Strength Tracking
In this attack scenario, the attacker passively monitors the signal strength of the target’s cellular RF signal or WiFi RF signal and uses the strength of the signal (with directional antennas and/or from multiple listening points at once) to identify the source location of the signal. Obtaining the signal of the target can be accomplished through multiple techniques such as through Cellular Broadcast Message Request or through the use of IMSI Tracking or WiFi MAC Address Tracking.
CAPEC-621: Analysis of Packet Timing and Sizes
An attacker may intercept and log encrypted transmissions for the purpose of analyzing metadata such as packet timing and sizes. Although the actual data may be encrypted, this metadata may reveal valuable information to an attacker. Note that this attack is applicable to VOIP data as well as application data, especially for interactive apps that require precise timing and low-latency (e.g. thin-clients).
CAPEC-622: Electromagnetic Side-Channel Attack
In this attack scenario, the attacker passively monitors electromagnetic emanations that are produced by the targeted electronic device as an unintentional side-effect of its processing. From these emanations, the attacker derives information about the data that is being processed (e.g. the attacker can recover cryptographic keys by monitoring emanations associated with cryptographic processing). This style of attack requires proximal access to the device, however attacks have been demonstrated at public conferences that work at distances of up to 10-15 feet. There have not been any significant studies to determine the maximum practical distance for such attacks. Since the attack is passive, it is nearly impossible to detect and the targeted device will continue to operate as normal after a successful attack.
CAPEC-623: Compromising Emanations Attack
Compromising Emanations (CE) are defined as unintentional signals which an attacker may intercept and analyze to disclose the information processed by the targeted equipment. Commercial mobile devices and retransmission devices have displays, buttons, microchips, and radios that emit mechanical emissions in the form of sound or vibrations. Capturing these emissions can help an adversary understand what the device is doing.