Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-269

Discouraged

Improper Privilege Management

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not properly assign, modify, track, or check privileges for an actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor.

5655 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-HF68-49FM-59CQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-26 21:40 – Updated: 2026-04-10 20:20
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw Gateway: RCE and Privilege Escalation from operator.pairing to operator.admin via device.pair.approve
Details

Summary

device.pair.approve allowed an operator.pairing approver to approve a pending device request for broader operator scopes than the approver actually held.

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: openclaw (npm)
  • Affected: < 2026.3.22
  • Fixed: >= 2026.3.22
  • Latest released tag checked: v2026.3.23-2 (630f1479c44f78484dfa21bb407cbe6f171dac87)
  • Latest published npm version checked: 2026.3.23-2

Fix Commit(s)

  • fc2d29ea926f47c428c556e92ec981441228d2a4

Release Status

The fix shipped in v2026.3.22 and remains present in v2026.3.23 and v2026.3.23-2.

Code-Level Confirmation

  • src/gateway/server-methods/devices.ts now threads caller scopes into device.pair.approve.
  • src/infra/device-pairing.ts now rejects requested operator scopes that exceed the approver-held operator scope set.

OpenClaw thanks @zpbrent for reporting.

Severity
9.4 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.3.22"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-35639"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-26T21:40:57Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\ndevice.pair.approve allowed an operator.pairing approver to approve a pending device request for broader operator scopes than the approver actually held.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Affected: \u003c 2026.3.22\n- Fixed: \u003e= 2026.3.22\n- Latest released tag checked: `v2026.3.23-2` (`630f1479c44f78484dfa21bb407cbe6f171dac87`)\n- Latest published npm version checked: `2026.3.23-2`\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n- `fc2d29ea926f47c428c556e92ec981441228d2a4`\n\n## Release Status\nThe fix shipped in `v2026.3.22` and remains present in `v2026.3.23` and `v2026.3.23-2`.\n\n## Code-Level Confirmation\n- src/gateway/server-methods/devices.ts now threads caller scopes into device.pair.approve.\n- src/infra/device-pairing.ts now rejects requested operator scopes that exceed the approver-held operator scope set.\n\nOpenClaw thanks @zpbrent for reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-hf68-49fm-59cq",
  "modified": "2026-04-10T20:20:13Z",
  "published": "2026-03-26T21:40:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-hf68-49fm-59cq"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35639"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/630f1479c44f78484dfa21bb407cbe6f171dac87"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/fc2d29ea926f47c428c556e92ec981441228d2a4"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-privilege-escalation-via-device-pair-approve-scope-validation"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw Gateway: RCE and Privilege Escalation from operator.pairing to operator.admin via device.pair.approve"
}

GHSA-HF7Q-W9CP-7XHR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:22 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:22
VLAI
Details

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in the way that the Windows WalletService handles objects in memory, aka 'Windows WalletService Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability'. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2020-1362, CVE-2020-1369.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-1344"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-07-14T23:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in the way that the Windows WalletService handles objects in memory, aka \u0027Windows WalletService Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability\u0027. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2020-1362, CVE-2020-1369.",
  "id": "GHSA-hf7q-w9cp-7xhr",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:22:59Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:22:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-1344"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2020-1344"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-HF8M-8CVR-78JG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Web Content Management). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle WebCenter Content. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle WebCenter Content. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-60654"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:18:06Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Web Content Management).  Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and  14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle WebCenter Content.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle WebCenter Content. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
  "id": "GHSA-hf8m-8cvr-78jg",
  "modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:54Z",
  "published": "2026-07-22T00:31:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60654"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HFHH-4MCM-RWM8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:50 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:50
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Ivanti Workspace Control before 10.3.10.0 and RES One Workspace. A local authenticated user can execute processes with elevated privileges via an unspecified attack vector.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-15592"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-10-15T16:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Ivanti Workspace Control before 10.3.10.0 and RES One Workspace. A local authenticated user can execute processes with elevated privileges via an unspecified attack vector.",
  "id": "GHSA-hfhh-4mcm-rwm8",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:50:11Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:50:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-15592"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://community.ivanti.com/docs/DOC-69692"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2018/Oct/7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.securify.nl/en/advisory/SFY20180802/ivanti-workspace-control-local-privilege-escalation-via-named-pipe.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/149615/Ivanti-Workspace-Control-Named-Pipe-Privilege-Escalation.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2018/Oct/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HFJ7-FHVX-37C9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-02 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-06 00:00
VLAI
Details

The Simple Membership WordPress plugin before 4.1.3 does not properly validate the membership_level parameter when editing a profile, allowing members to escalate to a higher membership level by using a crafted POST request.

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-2273"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-01T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Simple Membership WordPress plugin before 4.1.3 does not properly validate the membership_level parameter when editing a profile, allowing members to escalate to a higher membership level by using a crafted POST request.",
  "id": "GHSA-hfj7-fhvx-37c9",
  "modified": "2022-08-06T00:00:36Z",
  "published": "2022-08-02T00:00:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2273"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/724729d9-1c4a-485c-9c90-a27664c47c84"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HG36-JRXH-5X76

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-10 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-17 00:02
VLAI
Details

Tablet Windows User Interface Application Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability.

Severity
7.0 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-24460"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-03-09T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Tablet Windows User Interface Application Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-hg36-jrxh-5x76",
  "modified": "2022-03-17T00:02:20Z",
  "published": "2022-03-10T00:00:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24460"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-24460"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-24460"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HG4V-86X5-G9CH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:48 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:48
VLAI
Details

I, Librarian version 4.9 and earlier contains an Incorrect Access Control vulnerability in ajaxdiscussion.php that can result in any users gaining unauthorized access (read, write and delete) to project discussions.

Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-1000141"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-03-23T21:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "I, Librarian version 4.9 and earlier contains an Incorrect Access Control vulnerability in ajaxdiscussion.php that can result in any users gaining unauthorized access (read, write and delete) to project discussions.",
  "id": "GHSA-hg4v-86x5-g9ch",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:48:32Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:48:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1000141"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mkucej/i-librarian/issues/124"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HG7X-VP9F-FJH2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-18 18:32 – Updated: 2026-06-09 12:31
VLAI
Details

An Improper Privilege Management vulnerability [CWE-269] in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4 all versions, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiPAM 1.6.0, FortiPAM 1.5 all versions, FortiPAM 1.4 all versions, FortiPAM 1.3 all versions, FortiPAM 1.2 all versions, FortiPAM 1.1 all versions, FortiPAM 1.0 all versions, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiProxy 7.4 all versions, FortiProxy 7.2 all versions, FortiProxy 7.0 all versions may allow an authenticated administrator to bypass the trusted host policy via crafted CLI command.

Severity
1.9 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-54821"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-18T17:16:03Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "An Improper Privilege Management vulnerability [CWE-269] in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4 all versions, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiPAM 1.6.0, FortiPAM 1.5 all versions, FortiPAM 1.4 all versions, FortiPAM 1.3 all versions, FortiPAM 1.2 all versions, FortiPAM 1.1 all versions, FortiPAM 1.0 all versions, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiProxy 7.4 all versions, FortiProxy 7.2 all versions, FortiProxy 7.0 all versions may allow an authenticated administrator to bypass the trusted host policy via crafted CLI command.",
  "id": "GHSA-hg7x-vp9f-fjh2",
  "modified": "2026-06-09T12:31:59Z",
  "published": "2025-11-18T18:32:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54821"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-864900.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-545"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HG9F-77C4-X7M4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-05 00:31 – Updated: 2026-06-05 15:32
VLAI
Details

Inappropriate implementation in Extensions in Google Chrome prior to 149.0.7827.53 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to perform privilege escalation via a crafted Chrome Extension. (Chromium security severity: Low)

Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-11308"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-05T00:17:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Inappropriate implementation in Extensions in Google Chrome prior to 149.0.7827.53 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to perform privilege escalation via a crafted Chrome Extension. (Chromium security severity: Low)",
  "id": "GHSA-hg9f-77c4-x7m4",
  "modified": "2026-06-05T15:32:20Z",
  "published": "2026-06-05T00:31:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-11308"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/505945112"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HGC7-2XCM-JRXV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:36
VLAI
Details

In addWindow of WindowManagerService.java, there is a possible window overlay attack due to an insecure default value. This could lead to local escalation of privilege via tapjacking with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-8.0 Android-8.1 Android-9 Android-10Android ID: A-141745510

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-0099"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-12-14T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In addWindow of WindowManagerService.java, there is a possible window overlay attack due to an insecure default value. This could lead to local escalation of privilege via tapjacking with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-8.0 Android-8.1 Android-9 Android-10Android ID: A-141745510",
  "id": "GHSA-hgc7-2xcm-jrxv",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:36:14Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:36:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-0099"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2020-12-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Architecture and Design Operation

Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.

Mitigation MIT-48
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

Follow the principle of least privilege when assigning access rights to entities in a software system.

Mitigation MIT-49
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

Consider following the principle of separation of privilege. Require multiple conditions to be met before permitting access to a system resource.

CAPEC-122: Privilege Abuse

An adversary is able to exploit features of the target that should be reserved for privileged users or administrators but are exposed to use by lower or non-privileged accounts. Access to sensitive information and functionality must be controlled to ensure that only authorized users are able to access these resources.

CAPEC-233: Privilege Escalation

An adversary exploits a weakness enabling them to elevate their privilege and perform an action that they are not supposed to be authorized to perform.

CAPEC-58: Restful Privilege Elevation

An adversary identifies a Rest HTTP (Get, Put, Delete) style permission method allowing them to perform various malicious actions upon server data due to lack of access control mechanisms implemented within the application service accepting HTTP messages.

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