Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-269

Weakness Discouraged

Improper Privilege Management

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not properly assign, modify, track, or check privileges for an actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor.

Dimensions

  • Behavior-Type: Privilege Management
  • Behavior-Property: Improper
Mapping guidance

CWE-269 is commonly misused. It can be conflated with "privilege escalation," which is a technical impact that is listed in many low-information vulnerability reports [REF-1287]. It is not useful for trend analysis.

If an error or mistake allows privilege escalation, then use the CWE ID for that mistake. Avoid using CWE-269 when only phrases such as "privilege escalation" or "gain privileges" are available, as these indicate technical impact of the vulnerability - not the root cause weakness. If the root cause seems to be directly related to privileges, then examine the children of CWE-269 for additional hints.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1000
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design
Implementation

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Operation
Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

The relationships between privileges, permissions, and actors (e.g. users and groups) need further refinement within the Research view. One complication is that these concepts apply to two different pillars, related to control of resources (CWE-664) and protection mechanism failures (CWE-693).

Content history
Submission: PLOVER · 2006-07-19 · CWE Draft 3
Contribution: "Mapping CWE to 62443" Sub-Working Group · CWE-CAPEC ICS/OT SIG · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.

Contribution: Abhi Balakrishnan · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.15

Provided diagram to improve CWE usability

Modification: Eric Dalci · Cigital · 2008-07-01 · CWE 1.0

updated Time_of_Introduction

Modification: · CWE Team · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

Moved this entry higher up in the Research view.

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Description, Maintenance_Notes, Name, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Name

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-12-28 · CWE 1.7

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Description, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-10-30 · CWE 2.3

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Applicable_Platforms, Causal_Nature, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-09-19 · CWE 3.4

updated Demonstrative_Examples, Maintenance_Notes, Observed_Examples, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Observed_Examples, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-08-20 · CWE 4.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-04-28 · CWE 4.7

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-10-13 · CWE 4.9

updated References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-01-31 · CWE 4.10

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-07-16 · CWE 4.15

updated Diagram

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-11-19 · CWE 4.16

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-01-21 · CWE 4.19.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Demonstrative_Examples, Dimensions

6810 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-123549 (GCVE-0-2026-123549)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-08 01:37 – Updated: 2026-11-08 01:37
VLAI
Title
OpenAM before 16.1.4 Privilege Escalation via Self-Registration Attribute Bypass
Summary
OpenAM before 16.1.4 fails to enforce the Valid Creation Attributes list during self-registration, allowing anonymous attackers to set restricted attributes including group membership. Attackers can register through the legacy self-service REST endpoint or User Self-Service flow to join administrative groups and gain full administrative control of OpenAM.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-269 - Improper Privilege Management
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7605 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenIdentityPlatform OpenAM Affected: 0 , < 16.1.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 16.1.4 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:openidentityplatform:openam:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-22 00:00
Credits
santhreal jamesbishup vharseko maximthomas tsujiguchitky
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-123520 (GCVE-0-2026-123520)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-08 01:37 – Updated: 2026-11-08 01:37
VLAI
Title
Vikunja 0.18.0 before 2.7.1 Privilege Escalation via Account Deletion
Summary
Vikunja from 0.18.0 before 2.7.1 contains a privilege escalation vulnerability that allows team owners to gain admin or ownership of read-only shared projects by deleting accounts. Attackers can create a bot, add it to their team, and delete it through the bots endpoint, triggering ensureProjectAdminUser to promote read-only shares and lock out the real owner.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L
CWE
  • CWE-269 - Improper Privilege Management
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7605 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
go-vikunja vikunja Affected: 0.18.0 , < 2.7.1 (semver)
Unaffected: 2.7.1 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:vikunja:vikunja:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-22 00:00
Credits
lissy93 dagadjno
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-122313 (GCVE-0-2026-122313)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 02:25 – Updated: 2026-11-05 02:25
VLAI
Title
Kyverno 1.17.0 before 1.19.2 Cross-Namespace Privilege Escalation via NamespacedMutatingPolicy
Summary
Kyverno from 1.17.0 before 1.19.2 contains a privilege escalation vulnerability that allows namespace-scoped tenants to modify resources in other namespaces through NamespacedMutatingPolicy targetMatchConstraints.expression CEL output lacking namespace checks. Attackers can emit a literal target such as another tenant's RoleBinding, which the cluster-wide background controller then mutates to add attacker subjects or alter Roles, NetworkPolicies, and ConfigMaps.
Severity
9.4 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-269 - Improper Privilege Management
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7605 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
kyverno kyverno Affected: 1.17.0 , < 1.19.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 1.19.2 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:kyverno:kyverno:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-21 00:00
Credits
manus-use
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-122312 (GCVE-0-2026-122312)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 02:25 – Updated: 2026-11-05 02:25
VLAI
Title
Kyverno 1.19.1 before 1.19.2 Namespace Isolation Bypass via APICall URLPath Query String
Summary
Kyverno from 1.19.1 before 1.19.2 contains a namespace isolation bypass in APICall Fetch() in pkg/engine/apicall/apiCall.go because path.Clean treats '?' as a path character, letting the namespace regex match segments inside the query string. Users who can create namespaced policies can supply a URLPath like /api/v1/nodes?x=/namespaces/default/ that passes validation while client-go requests the cluster-scoped endpoint, reading resources outside their namespace.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N
7.7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-269 - Improper Privilege Management
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7605 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
kyverno kyverno Affected: 1.19.1 , < 1.19.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 1.19.2 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:kyverno:kyverno:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-21 00:00
Credits
aradcohAkamai
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-122302 (GCVE-0-2026-122302)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 02:25 – Updated: 2026-11-05 02:25
VLAI
Title
Kyverno before 1.19.2 Privilege Escalation via Generate Rule Permission Check
Summary
Kyverno before 1.19.2 contains a privilege escalation vulnerability that allows namespace admins to create resources beyond their RBAC because generate-rule admission checks verify the controller's permissions, not the author's. Attackers can create a namespaced Policy with generate rules targeting other namespaces or cluster-scoped kinds, making the background controller create or clone resources cluster-wide.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-269 - Improper Privilege Management
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7605 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
kyverno kyverno Affected: 0 , < 1.19.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 1.19.2 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:kyverno:kyverno:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-21 00:00
Credits
Trenyx
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-122016 (GCVE-0-2026-122016)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-04 21:30 – Updated: 2026-11-04 21:30
VLAI
Title
yangzongzhuan RuoYi-Vue Permission Service SysPermissionService.java SysPermissionService.getMenuPermission privileges management
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in yangzongzhuan RuoYi-Vue up to 3.9.2. This issue affects the function SysPermissionService.getMenuPermission of the file SysPermissionService.java of the component Permission Service. This manipulation of the argument perms causes improper privilege management. The attack may be initiated remotely. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:X/RC:C
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:X/RC:C
CWE
  • CWE-269 - Improper Privilege Management
  • CWE-266 - Incorrect Privilege Assignment
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 83/100 over 3784 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
yangzongzhuan RuoYi-Vue Affected: 3.9.0
Affected: 3.9.1
Affected: 3.9.2
    cpe:2.3:a:yangzongzhuan:ruoyi-vue:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
OMrYangO (VulDB User) VulDB CNA Team
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-121559 (GCVE-0-2026-121559)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 15:17 – Updated: 2026-11-03 18:27
VLAI
Title
GLPI 10.0.0 before 10.0.28 and 11.0.0 before 11.0.10 Privilege Escalation via User Cloning
Summary
GLPI 10.0.0 before 10.0.28 and 11.0.0 before 11.0.10 contains a privilege escalation vulnerability that allows authenticated users to obtain elevated profiles by cloning accounts. A user with the Technician profile can clone a Super-Admin account with a new login and password, since User::getCloneRelations() copies every Profile_User and Group_User assignment without permission checks, yielding an attacker-controlled Super-Admin account.
Severity
8.6 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-03 17:48 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-269 - Improper Privilege Management
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7605 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
glpi-project GLPI Affected: 10.0.0 , < 10.0.28 (semver)
Affected: 11.0.0 , < 11.0.10 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:glpi-project:glpi:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:glpi-project:glpi:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-11-02 00:00
Credits
Submersion AI
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-121514 (GCVE-0-2026-121514)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 20:45 – Updated: 2026-11-03 21:25
VLAI
Title
EasySoft ZenTao PMS User model.php checkGroupChange privileges management
Summary
A weakness has been identified in EasySoft ZenTao PMS up to 22.6. This impacts the function userModel::checkGroupChange of the file module/user/model.php of the component User Module. This manipulation of the argument group causes improper privilege management. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:X/RC:C
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:X/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-03 21:25 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-269 - Improper Privilege Management
  • CWE-266 - Incorrect Privilege Assignment
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 83/100 over 3784 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/430286 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/430286/cti signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-121514 third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/1019652 third-party-advisory
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
EasySoft ZenTao PMS Affected: 22.0
Affected: 22.1
Affected: 22.2
Affected: 22.3
Affected: 22.4
Affected: 22.5
Affected: 22.6
    cpe:2.3:a:easysoft:zentao_pms:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
benjamin_123 (VulDB User) VulDB CNA Team
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-121419 (GCVE-0-2026-121419)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 14:28 – Updated: 2026-11-03 14:28
VLAI
Title
SurrealDB 3.1.0 before 3.3.0 MCP Session Hijack via BoundSubject Collision
Summary
SurrealDB from 3.1.0 before 3.3.0 contains an improper authentication vulnerability where the MCP BoundSubject fingerprint uses the access method name instead of per-user identity for JWT/Bearer access. Attackers with a valid low-privilege token for the same access method and a victim's mcp-session-id can hijack the session and execute MCP tools with the victim's roles and permissions.
Severity
8.6 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-269 - Improper Privilege Management
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7605 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
surrealdb surrealdb Affected: 3.1.0 , < 3.3.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.3.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:surrealdb:surrealdb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-19 00:00
Credits
Yanhaoxi
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-120338 (GCVE-0-2026-120338)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-01 15:24 – Updated: 2026-11-02 19:42
VLAI
Title
Prefab UI Pyodide sandbox escape to host RCE
Summary
Prefab UI's Generative UI sandbox runs caller-supplied Python inside Pyodide, Python compiled to WebAssembly, in a Deno subprocess. The feature is documented as isolation for untrusted code, including LLM-written UI. From prefab-ui 0.14.0 through 0.20.2 the launcher starts Deno with unrestricted --allow-read, --allow-write, and --allow-net, and the runner leaves the Deno API on the JavaScript global object. Pyodide's js module proxies that global, so the Python can call Deno.readTextFileSync and Deno.writeTextFileSync. A caller who can supply the code can read and write files as the server OS user, and can persist code execution by writing a .pth file into the server virtualenv's site-packages. The usual remote path is FastMCP's GenerativeUI provider, which registers the MCP tool generate_prefab_ui and forwards that tool's code argument into this sandbox. On a FastMCP server with no authentication configured, any client who can reach the server can call the tool. With authentication, any client allowed to call tools can. Generative UI is opt-in, and the host must have Deno installed. Confirmed on prefab-ui 0.20.2. Fixed in 0.21.0: after the runtime and Prefab sources load, the runner revokes Deno read, write, and network permission before it accepts code, the process is started with --no-prompt so a permission request cannot grant them again, and bootstrap network access is limited to cdn.jsdelivr.net. The fix is commit 030f074 (pull request 538).
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 19:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-269 - Improper Privilege Management
Assigner
JFROG CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 66 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
PrefectHQ prefab-ui Affected: 0.14.0 , < 0.21.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Yuval Moravchick JFrog Security Research
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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      {
        "metrics": [
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            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-120338",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-11-02T19:42:39.981153Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
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        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-11-02T19:42:56.540Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
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        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://pypi.org/project/prefab-ui/",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "prefab-ui",
          "product": "prefab-ui",
          "programFiles": [
            "src/prefab_ui/sandbox/_pyodide.py",
            "src/prefab_ui/sandbox/runner.js"
          ],
          "repo": "git://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefab",
          "vendor": "PrefectHQ",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "0.21.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0.14.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
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      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Yuval Moravchick"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "coordinator",
          "value": "JFrog Security Research"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003ePrefab UI\u0027s Generative UI sandbox runs caller-supplied Python inside Pyodide, Python compiled to WebAssembly, in a Deno subprocess. The feature is documented as isolation for untrusted code, including LLM-written UI. From prefab-ui 0.14.0 through 0.20.2 the launcher starts Deno with unrestricted --allow-read, --allow-write, and --allow-net, and the runner leaves the Deno API on the JavaScript global object. Pyodide\u0027s js module proxies that global, so the Python can call Deno.readTextFileSync and Deno.writeTextFileSync. A caller who can supply the code can read and write files as the server OS user, and can persist code execution by writing a .pth file into the server virtualenv\u0027s site-packages. The usual remote path is FastMCP\u0027s GenerativeUI provider, which registers the MCP tool generate_prefab_ui and forwards that tool\u0027s code argument into this sandbox. On a FastMCP server with no authentication configured, any client who can reach the server can call the tool. With authentication, any client allowed to call tools can. Generative UI is opt-in, and the host must have Deno installed. Confirmed on prefab-ui 0.20.2. Fixed in 0.21.0: after the runtime and Prefab sources load, the runner revokes Deno read, write, and network permission before it accepts code, the process is started with --no-prompt so a permission request cannot grant them again, and bootstrap network access is limited to cdn.jsdelivr.net. The fix is commit 030f074 (pull request 538).\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Prefab UI\u0027s Generative UI sandbox runs caller-supplied Python inside Pyodide, Python compiled to WebAssembly, in a Deno subprocess. The feature is documented as isolation for untrusted code, including LLM-written UI. From prefab-ui 0.14.0 through 0.20.2 the launcher starts Deno with unrestricted --allow-read, --allow-write, and --allow-net, and the runner leaves the Deno API on the JavaScript global object. Pyodide\u0027s js module proxies that global, so the Python can call Deno.readTextFileSync and Deno.writeTextFileSync. A caller who can supply the code can read and write files as the server OS user, and can persist code execution by writing a .pth file into the server virtualenv\u0027s site-packages. The usual remote path is FastMCP\u0027s GenerativeUI provider, which registers the MCP tool generate_prefab_ui and forwards that tool\u0027s code argument into this sandbox. On a FastMCP server with no authentication configured, any client who can reach the server can call the tool. With authentication, any client allowed to call tools can. Generative UI is opt-in, and the host must have Deno installed. Confirmed on prefab-ui 0.20.2. Fixed in 0.21.0: after the runtime and Prefab sources load, the runner revokes Deno read, write, and network permission before it accepts code, the process is started with --no-prompt so a permission request cannot grant them again, and bootstrap network access is limited to cdn.jsdelivr.net. The fix is commit 030f074 (pull request 538)."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 10,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "FastMCP server with GenerativeUI enabled, Deno installed, and no authentication configured"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 9.9,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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          "scenarios": [
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "Authenticated client allowed to call tools on a server that executes untrusted code in the Generative UI sandbox"
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          "descriptions": [
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              "description": "CWE-693: Protection Mechanism Failure",
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        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
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              "cweId": "CWE-94",
              "description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-269",
              "description": "CWE-269: Improper Privilege Management",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
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          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-11-01T15:24:54.158Z",
        "orgId": "48a46f29-ae42-4e1d-90dd-c1676c1e5e6d",
        "shortName": "JFROG"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Prefab repository",
          "tags": [
            "product"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefab"
        },
        {
          "name": "prefab-ui on PyPI",
          "tags": [
            "product"
          ],
          "url": "https://pypi.org/project/prefab-ui/"
        },
        {
          "name": "GHSA-595q-jv4r-q7j9",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefab/security/advisories/GHSA-595q-jv4r-q7j9"
        },
        {
          "name": "Refresh dependencies and fix renderer and sandbox regressions (fix pull request)",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefab/pull/538"
        },
        {
          "name": "Fix commit 030f074",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefab/commit/030f074f85e0b1be0dd44b0283185aecb26337a2"
        },
        {
          "name": "v0.21.0",
          "tags": [
            "release-notes"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefab/releases/tag/v0.21.0"
        },
        {
          "name": "prefab-ui 0.21.0",
          "tags": [
            "release-notes"
          ],
          "url": "https://pypi.org/project/prefab-ui/0.21.0/"
        },
        {
          "name": "v0.20.2 (confirmed affected)",
          "tags": [
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefab/releases/tag/v0.20.2"
        },
        {
          "name": "v0.14.0 (first release with the sandbox)",
          "tags": [
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefab/releases/tag/v0.14.0"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-03-24T17:21:00.000Z",
          "value": "Pyodide sandbox added with --allow-read, --allow-write, and --allow-net (commit fc4362f3, pull request 334)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-03-27T02:36:00.000Z",
          "value": "prefab-ui 0.14.0 published on PyPI, the first release that includes the sandbox"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-06-03T02:13:00.000Z",
          "value": "prefab-ui 0.20.2 published. This is the release confirmed in testing."
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-08-05T16:12:00.000Z",
          "value": "Reported to PrefectHQ as GHSA-595q-jv4r-q7j9. The advisory is still in triage and has no CVE id."
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-10-25T18:48:00.000Z",
          "value": "Fix merged in pull request 538 (commit 030f074). The runner revokes read, write, and network permission before accepting code."
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-10-26T19:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "prefab-ui 0.21.0 published on PyPI with the fix. No vendor advisory text was published with the release."
        }
      ],
      "title": "Prefab UI Pyodide sandbox escape to host RCE",
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    "assignerShortName": "JFROG",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-120338",
    "datePublished": "2026-11-01T15:24:54.158Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-11-01T15:12:50.987Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-11-02T19:42:56.540Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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Mitigation MIT-1
Architecture and Design Operation

Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.

Mitigation MIT-48
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

Follow the principle of least privilege when assigning access rights to entities in a software system.

Mitigation MIT-49
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

Consider following the principle of separation of privilege. Require multiple conditions to be met before permitting access to a system resource.

CAPEC-122: Privilege Abuse

An adversary is able to exploit features of the target that should be reserved for privileged users or administrators but are exposed to use by lower or non-privileged accounts. Access to sensitive information and functionality must be controlled to ensure that only authorized users are able to access these resources.

CAPEC-233: Privilege Escalation

An adversary exploits a weakness enabling them to elevate their privilege and perform an action that they are not supposed to be authorized to perform.

CAPEC-58: Restful Privilege Elevation

An adversary identifies a Rest HTTP (Get, Put, Delete) style permission method allowing them to perform various malicious actions upon server data due to lack of access control mechanisms implemented within the application service accepting HTTP messages.

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