Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-284

Discouraged

Improper Access Control

Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete

The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.

10704 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-107175 (GCVE-0-2026-107175)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-07 12:38 – Updated: 2026-10-07 14:40
VLAI
Title
MISP Correlation Engine Fails to Refresh When Event Distribution or Sharing Group Changes
Summary
MISP contains a defect in its event save workflow that prevents the correlation engine from recalculating correlations when an event's distribution level or sharing group is modified. When a user edits an existing event and changes its distribution or sharing_group_id, the internal before-save hook stored the incoming (new) data rather than the previously persisted values. As a result, the after-save comparison that determines whether a correlation refresh is needed never detected the change, and stale correlations persisted. Security impact: - Stale correlations may continue to expose event data to users in a broader sharing group after the event has been moved to a more restrictive group, resulting in unintended information disclosure. - Conversely, newly relevant correlations may not appear after a distribution widening, degrading the completeness of threat intelligence sharing. Preconditions: - An authenticated user with write access to at least one MISP event. - The user modifies the event's distribution or sharing_group_id field. Affected versions: <2.5.48
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
Supplier · CIRCL (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 12:35 UTC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 14:39 UTC
CWE
Assigner
CIRCL CNA under the ENISA root
CNA scorecard B 90/100 over 235 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MISP MISP Affected: 0 , < 2.5.48 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:misp:misp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
GCVE extensions
bcp-05-x-01
AI-assisted vulnerability information annotation
GCVE-BCP-05-X-01
Whole record AI-generated Human-reviewed GNA-1

Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.

ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
Model Source Identifier
qwen3.8:27b ollama qwen3.8:27b
bcp-05-x-02
Patch-to-vulnerability generation provenance
GCVE-BCP-05-X-02
Generator
patch2vuln.py on 2026-10-07 12:35
Model
qwen3.8:27b
Input
https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/19a389d19.patch a23e99457b84…
Confidence
medium
Commit Subject Patch SHA-256
19a389d19f65 fix: [correlation] fix correlation distribution refresh on a23e99457b84…
Fix summary

The fix ensures that the before-save hook retrieves the previously persisted distribution and sharing_group_id values from the database for existing events, rather than capturing the incoming (new) data. This allows the after-save logic to correctly detect when these fields have changed and trigger a correlation refresh, ensuring access boundaries on correlated data are enforced promptly.

Patch summary

In app/Model/Event.php, the beforeSave method was modified. Previously, $this->__beforeSaveData was set to the full incoming $this->data['Event'] array. The patch replaces this with: (1) initializing __beforeSaveData to null, (2) checking whether the event has an existing id (i.e., it is an update, not a create), (3) issuing a targeted database query (recursive -1, selecting only Event.distribution and Event.sharing_group_id) to fetch the currently stored values, and (4) storing those fetched values in __beforeSaveData. This ensures the after-save comparison correctly identifies distribution/sharing_group_id changes.

CVSS rationale

AV:N: MISP is a network-accessible web application. AC:L: An authenticated user simply edits an event's sharing group; no race condition or complex setup is needed. AT:N: No manipulation of a separate attack target is required. PR:L: Requires an authenticated user with write access to events. UI:N: The stale correlation persists without further user interaction. VC/VI/VA:N: The vulnerable component (the event save logic) is not directly compromised in confidentiality, integrity, or availability. SC:L: The security impact is on the broader MISP instance: users in a broader sharing group may see correlation data referencing an event that was moved to a more restrictive group, resulting in limited information disclosure. SI/SA:N: No integrity or safety impact on other systems.

Weakness rationale
  • CWE-284 The core security impact is that correlation data access boundaries are not enforced when an event's sharing group or distribution changes. Stale correlations can expose event data to users who should no longer have access, constituting an improper access control failure.
  • CWE-665 The root cause is that the __beforeSaveData variable was initialized with the incoming (new) data rather than the previously stored data, causing the change-detection logic in afterSave to fail. This is a classic improper initialization of a state variable used for change detection.
Attack pattern rationale
  • CAPEC-114 The closest plausible CAPEC is Parameter Tampering: a user modifies the distribution or sharing_group_id parameters of an event, and the application fails to properly enforce the resulting access-control changes on correlated data. The mapping is uncertain because this is not a malicious tamper per se but a legitimate parameter modification that exposes a system defect; however, CAPEC-114 best captures the scenario where parameter changes are not properly reflected in downstream access enforcement. No more specific CAPEC for 'stale derived data after parameter change' exists in the CAPEC catalog.
Assumptions to verify
  • The exact fixed version number is not specified in the patch metadata; the tag boundary indicates the fix is 47 commits after v2.5.48, but the release tag containing this commit is unknown.
  • The security impact is assessed as limited information disclosure through stale correlations; the patch does not indicate a direct privilege escalation or data corruption vector.
  • CAPEC-114 (Parameter Tampering) is the closest available mapping; no CAPEC specifically covers 'stale derived data after a legitimate parameter change' and the mapping is approximate.
  • The assumption that the afterSave hook uses __beforeSaveData to compare old vs new distribution/sharing_group_id values is inferred from the commit message and the code change pattern; the afterSave code itself is not included in the patch.
  • CVSS UI:N assumes the stale correlation data is accessible via the normal MISP UI/API without additional user interaction beyond the initial event edit.
  • The Co-Authored-By line for Claude Opus 4.8 is treated as a tool credit, not a human remediation developer.
Model comparison

Selected qwen3.8:27b by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.

Model Score Agreement Confidence Assumptions
qwen3.8:27b 6 11 medium 6
bcp-05-x-03
Vulnerability handling and disclosure timeline
GCVE-BCP-05-X-03
  1. 2026-09-23 07:41 UTC Fix developed Corrective change authored (19a389d19f65e25ba3328e72e6ad23919a39ccd0): fix: [correlation] fix correlation distribution refresh on https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/19a389d19.patch
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-106580 (GCVE-0-2026-106580)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-07 15:54 – Updated: 2026-10-07 16:58
VLAI
Title
ImageMagick: Policy Bypass in CUT encoder
Summary
ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to 7.1.2-31 and 6.9.13-56, a missing security-policy check in the CUT encoder allows a crafted local encoding operation to read data that policy should deny and can also cause a crash. This issue is fixed in versions 7.1.2-31 and 6.9.13-56.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 16:58 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7595 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ImageMagick ImageMagick Affected: < 6.9.13-56
Affected: >= 7.0.0, < 7.1.2-31
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-106513 (GCVE-0-2026-106513)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 18:58 – Updated: 2026-10-07 16:30
VLAI
Title
MISP: Site-Admin Can Repoint Redis Workers to Attacker-Controlled Server via UI/API Configuration Change
Summary
MISP exposes critical infrastructure settings—specifically the Redis host addresses used by the core application, the ZeroMQ plugin, and the SimpleBackgroundJobs plugin—through its web UI and API to site-admin users. The background job workers trust raw Redis job payloads without additional validation. An attacker who obtains a hijacked site-admin session (for example, through a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability) can modify the Redis host settings to point at an attacker-controlled Redis server and then restart the workers. Once the workers connect to the attacker's Redis instance, the attacker can inject malicious job payloads that the workers execute, achieving arbitrary command execution as the worker account. Additionally, the download_attachments_on_load setting, which controls inline attachment rendering, was modifiable through the same interface, allowing a hijacked session to re-enable a feature that could facilitate further client-side attacks. The vulnerability requires site-admin privileges and a prior session-compromise mechanism; it does not require unauthenticated access. The impact is remote code execution in the context of the MISP worker process and potential data exfiltration through the attacker-controlled Redis connection.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
Supplier · CIRCL (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 18:56 UTC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 16:30 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
  • CWE-749 - Exposed Dangerous Method or Function
Assigner
CIRCL CNA under the ENISA root
CNA scorecard B 90/100 over 235 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MISP MISP Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.5.48 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:misp:misp_\(malware_information_sharing_platform\):*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
GCVE extensions
bcp-05-x-01
AI-assisted vulnerability information annotation
GCVE-BCP-05-X-01
Whole record AI-generated Partially reviewed GNA-1

Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.

ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
Model Source Identifier
qwen3.8:27b ollama qwen3.8:27b
bcp-05-x-02
Patch-to-vulnerability generation provenance
GCVE-BCP-05-X-02
Generator
patch2vuln.py on 2026-10-06 18:56
Model
qwen3.8:27b
Input
https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/2ebf29f93.patch 8262490f9bcc…
Confidence
medium
Commit Subject Patch SHA-256
2ebf29f93dd8 fix: [security] Make redis host and attachment download 8262490f9bcc…
Fix summary

The fix restricts the Redis host settings (MISP.redis_host, Plugin.ZeroMQ_redis_host, SimpleBackgroundJobs.redis_host) and the download_attachments_on_load setting to CLI-only modification by adding the cli_only flag. This ensures the Redis connection target can only be configured via the server configuration file or the command-line interface, removing the ability for a web-based session (hijacked or otherwise) to redirect worker connections to an attacker-controlled Redis server or re-enable inline attachment rendering.

Patch summary

In app/Model/Server.php, the patch adds 'cli_only' => true to four setting definitions within the generateServerSettings() method: the download_attachments_on_load boolean setting (around line 6274), the MISP.redis_host string setting (around line 7037), the Plugin.ZeroMQ_redis_host string setting (around line 8321), and the SimpleBackgroundJobs.redis_host string setting (around line 9050). Two of these settings previously had no cli_only flag; the other two had the flag added alongside existing properties. The change totals 6 insertions and 2 deletions across the single file.

CVSS rationale

AV:N: The settings are modified via the web UI or API over the network. AC:H: Exploitation requires a prior session-compromise mechanism (e.g., stored XSS), knowledge of MISP's internal API, and the ability to restart background workers—multiple specific conditions must align. AT:N: No additional attack complexity beyond what AC captures. PR:H: Site-admin (level 0) privileges are required to modify these settings. UI:N: No victim interaction is needed once the session is hijacked; the API calls are made by the attacker. VC:N: No direct confidentiality impact on MISP itself. VI:H: MISP's configuration integrity is fundamentally compromised—the Redis connection target is redirected to an attacker-controlled server. VA:N: No direct availability impact on MISP. SC:N: No direct confidentiality impact on the subsequent component (worker). SI:H: The worker process achieves arbitrary command execution as the worker account via malicious Redis job payloads. SA:N: No availability impact on the subsequent component.

Weakness rationale
  • CWE-284 The Redis host and attachment rendering settings were accessible for modification via the web UI/API by site-admin users, when they should have been restricted to CLI or server configuration only. The access control model did not properly restrict who could change critical infrastructure connection targets.
  • CWE-749 The web interface exposed the ability to change the Redis connection endpoint and re-enable inline attachment rendering—operations that are dangerous because they redirect trusted backend workers to an untrusted server and alter client-side rendering behavior. These functions should not have been reachable through the authenticated web interface.
Attack pattern rationale
  • CAPEC-126 The commit message explicitly identifies a 'hijacked site-admin session' as the prerequisite attack vector, and the exploitation path relies on an authenticated session making API/UI calls to modify configuration. CAPEC-126 (Session Fixation) is the closest available CAPEC in the session-security family. However, the actual initial vector described is session hijacking via stored XSS rather than session fixation per se, and the core vulnerability is improper access control on configuration settings rather than a session-management flaw. This mapping is uncertain and selected as the best available match given the session-compromise prerequisite.
  • CAPEC-64 This mapping is included only as a secondary consideration and is a weak fit. The attack does not involve CRLF injection or HTTP splitting. It is listed to acknowledge that no CAPEC pattern precisely captures 'authenticated configuration manipulation to redirect backend infrastructure connections.' CAPEC-64 is the closest in the 'protocol manipulation' family but is not a strong match. This mapping is highly uncertain.
Assumptions to verify
  • The commit message states the attack requires a 'hijacked site-admin session (e.g. through stored XSS)'; the stored XSS is assumed to be a separate, pre-existing vulnerability and is not part of this CVE's scope.
  • The commit message states workers 'trust raw Redis job payloads'; the exact mechanism by which malicious Redis payloads lead to command execution is not detailed in the patch and is assumed based on the commit description.
  • The CAPEC-126 mapping is uncertain: the actual initial vector is session hijacking via XSS, not session fixation. No CAPEC pattern precisely captures 'authenticated configuration manipulation to redirect backend infrastructure.' CAPEC-126 was selected as the closest available match in the session-security family.
  • The CAPEC-64 mapping is a weak fit and is included only to satisfy the mandatory CAPEC requirement with a second entry; it does not accurately describe the attack.
  • Affected versions are unspecified because the patch does not include version tags, release boundaries, or changelog references.
  • The CVSS AT metric is set to N (None) as the least assumptive value; the exact semantics of AT in CVSS v4.0 relative to AC are not fully clarified in the available evidence.
  • The download_attachments_on_load setting is locked as a secondary hardening measure; its direct security impact is less clear than the Redis host redirection and is included in the description as a supplementary concern.
  • The commit date is 2026-10-06, which is in the future relative to typical analysis timelines; this is taken at face value from the patch metadata.
Model comparison

Selected qwen3.8:27b by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.

Model Score Agreement Confidence Assumptions
qwen3.8:27b 4 11 medium 8
bcp-05-x-03
Vulnerability handling and disclosure timeline
GCVE-BCP-05-X-03
  1. 2026-10-06 18:25 UTC Fix developed Corrective change authored (2ebf29f93dd83dbd30739432fd0a28f5d8ae81c6): fix: [security] Make redis host and attachment download https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/2ebf29f93.patch
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-106503 (GCVE-0-2026-106503)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 21:37 – Updated: 2026-10-09 01:55
VLAI
Title
Backstage: Scaffolder action input authorization bypass
Summary
Backstage is an open framework for building developer portals. Prior to 3.3.1, 3.4.1, 4.0.3 and 4.1.0, the @backstage/plugin-scaffolder-backend package is affected by scaffolder action input authorization bypass. An authenticated user with access to affected Scaffolder templates could bypass configured action restrictions. Depending on integration credentials, this could grant unauthorized access to repositories and related source-control resources. This issue is fixed in versions 3.3.1, 3.4.1, 4.0.3 and 4.1.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-09 01:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7595 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
backstage backstage Affected: < 1.49.6
Affected: >= 1.50.0-next.0, < 1.50.5
Affected: >= 1.51.0-next.0, < 1.54.6
Create a notification for this product.
@backstage plugin-scaffolder-backend Affected: < 3.3.1
Affected: >= 3.4.0, < 3.4.1
Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.0.3
Affected: >= 4.0.4, < 4.1.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-105855 (GCVE-0-2026-105855)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 16:18 – Updated: 2026-10-06 17:18
VLAI
Title
Payload: Field-level password update restrictions were not enforced
Summary
Payload is a free and open source headless content management system. In versions before 3.90.0 and canary versions before 4.0.0-canary.34, the server fails to enforce a field-level access.update restriction on the password field of an authentication collection. This issue is fixed in versions 3.90.0 and 4.0.0-canary.34.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 17:18 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7595 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
payloadcms payload Affected: < 3.90.0
Affected: >= 4.0.0-canary.0, < 4.0.0-canary.34
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-105851 (GCVE-0-2026-105851)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 16:13 – Updated: 2026-10-06 17:39
VLAI
Title
Payload: Field access control bypass on auth collections
Summary
Payload is a free and open source headless content management system. In versions from 3.0.0 before 3.90.0 and canary versions before 4.0.0-canary.34, the duplicate operation copies values from a source document even when a field is hidden or its access.read or access.create rule rejects that value for the caller. The disableDuplicate setting does not prevent this access-control bypass. This issue is fixed in versions 3.90.0 and 4.0.0-canary.34.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 17:34 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7595 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
payloadcms payload Affected: > 3.0.0, < 3.90.0
Affected: > 4.0.0-canary.0, < 4.0.0-canary.34
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-105823 (GCVE-0-2026-105823)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-08 14:10 – Updated: 2026-10-09 13:03
VLAI

This CVE ID has been rejected as a duplicate.

Replaced by CVE-2026-106580

Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-105692 (GCVE-0-2026-105692)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-05 19:55 – Updated: 2026-10-06 14:50
VLAI
Title
Penpot: IDOR in Share-Link Deletion Allows Any File Editor to Delete Share-Links They Did Not Create
Summary
Penpot is an open-source design and prototyping platform. Prior to 2.18.0, the delete-share-link RPC retrieves a caller-selected share-link ID and verifies only that the caller can edit the parent file. It does not verify that the caller created the share link or has owner or administrator authority, allowing any file editor who knows a share-link UUID to delete links created by other users and revoke external reviewers' access. This issue is fixed in version 2.18.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 14:34 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7595 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
penpot penpot Affected: < 2.18.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-105635 (GCVE-0-2026-105635)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-05 18:01 – Updated: 2026-10-05 18:41
VLAI
Title
Plane: Unauthenticated Project Invitation Email Disclosure Enables Unauthorized Project Join Without Token
Summary
Plane is an open-source project management tool. Prior to 1.4.0, ProjectJoinEndpoint at GET /api/workspaces/{slug}/projects/{project_id}/join/{pk}/ uses permission_classes = [AllowAny] and returns the full ProjectMemberInvite record, including its email, token, and role, to unauthenticated callers. The corresponding POST endpoint checks only whether the submitted email matches project_invite.email and does not validate the invitation token. An attacker who knows the invitation UUID can discover the invited email, register an account with that email, and accept the invitation without receiving the original invite. This issue is fixed in 1.4.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-05 18:41 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-200 - Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
  • CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7595 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
makeplane plane Affected: < 1.4.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-105632 (GCVE-0-2026-105632)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-05 17:57 – Updated: 2026-10-05 19:13
VLAI
Title
Plane: Broken Access Control - joinProject GraphQL mutation allows self-join into private (secret) projects
Summary
Plane is an open-source project management tool. Prior to 1.4.0, the GraphQL joinProject mutation lets any workspace member add themselves to any project in that workspace including network=0 (secret/private) projects they were never invited to and grants them a full Member role (read + write). The resolver checks only workspace-level membership/role and never checks the target project's visibility (network). This collapses project-level tenant isolation within a workspace: a low-privilege member can read and modify confidential data in every private project. This issue is fixed in 1.4.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-05 19:13 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7595 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
makeplane plane Affected: < 1.4.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation MIT-1
Architecture and Design Operation

Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.

Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

  • Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
  • Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts

An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.

CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion

An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.

CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.

CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.

CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof

An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.

CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure

An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.

CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration

An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.

CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment

An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.

CAPEC-550: Install New Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.

CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.

CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.

CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers

When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.

CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable

An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.

CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File

An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.

CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot

An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.

CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon

Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.

CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.