Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-276

Allowed

Incorrect Default Permissions

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

During installation, installed file permissions are set to allow anyone to modify those files.

2043 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-CPFP-M5QW-C4R3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-15 18:31 – Updated: 2025-05-22 20:00
VLAI
Summary
Improper Preservation of Permissions in xxl-job
Details

Insecure Permissions vulnerability in xxl-job v.2.4.1 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the Sub-Task ID component.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.4.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.xuxueli:xxl-job-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-42681"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276",
      "CWE-277",
      "CWE-281"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-08-15T22:19:00Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-15T17:15:18Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Insecure Permissions vulnerability in xxl-job v.2.4.1 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the Sub-Task ID component.",
  "id": "GHSA-cpfp-m5qw-c4r3",
  "modified": "2025-05-22T20:00:48Z",
  "published": "2024-08-15T18:31:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42681"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/xuxueli/xxl-job/issues/3516"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/xuxueli/xxl-job/commit/a2dc9011310628f3e18c3a5095e7e6a946d017bd"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/xuxueli/xxl-job"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Improper Preservation of Permissions in xxl-job"
}

GHSA-CPQC-M5VG-2RPH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-22 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:16
VLAI
Details

Insecure Permission vulnerability found in Botkind/Siber Systems SyncApp v.19.0.3.0 allows a local attacker toe escalate privileges via the SyncService.exe file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-29838"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-05-22T20:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Insecure Permission vulnerability found in Botkind/Siber Systems SyncApp v.19.0.3.0 allows a local attacker toe escalate privileges via the SyncService.exe file.",
  "id": "GHSA-cpqc-m5vg-2rph",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T04:16:39Z",
  "published": "2023-05-22T21:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29838"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/IthacaLabs/Botkind/blob/main/Botkind_SyncApp/WeakServicePermissions_InsecureServiceExecutable_CVE-2023-29838.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/IthacaLabs/Botkind/tree/main/Botkind_SyncApp"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CPVG-3P8X-HCJM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-20 12:30 – Updated: 2023-09-20 12:30
VLAI
Details

Sensitive information disclosure due to insecure folder permissions. The following products are affected: Acronis Cyber Protect Home Office (Windows) before build 40713.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-5042"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-09-20T12:15:12Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Sensitive information disclosure due to insecure folder permissions. The following products are affected: Acronis Cyber Protect Home Office (Windows) before build 40713.",
  "id": "GHSA-cpvg-3p8x-hcjm",
  "modified": "2023-09-20T12:30:22Z",
  "published": "2023-09-20T12:30:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5042"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security-advisory.acronis.com/advisories/SEC-5330"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CQ39-R932-4QHJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-30 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:23
VLAI
Details

SoLive 1.6.14 thru 1.6.20 for Android exists exposed component, the component provides the method to modify the SharedPreference file. The attacker can use the method to modify the data in any SharedPreference file, these data will be loaded into the memory when the application is opened. Depending on how the data is used, this can result in various attack consequences, such as ad display exceptions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-29732"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-05-30T20:15:10Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "SoLive 1.6.14 thru 1.6.20 for Android exists exposed component, the component provides the method to modify the SharedPreference file. The attacker can use the method to modify the data in any SharedPreference file, these data will be loaded into the memory when the application is opened. Depending on how the data is used, this can result in various attack consequences, such as ad display exceptions.",
  "id": "GHSA-cq39-r932-4qhj",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T04:23:51Z",
  "published": "2023-05-30T21:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29732"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/LianKee/SO-CVEs/blob/main/CVEs/CVE-2023-29732/CVE%20detail.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CQJ8-47CH-RVVQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:40 – Updated: 2022-06-23 18:04
VLAI
Summary
Incorrect Default Permissions in JetBrains Kotlin
Details

In JetBrains Kotlin before 1.4.21, a vulnerable Java API was used for temporary file and folder creation. An attacker was able to read data from such files and list directories due to insecure permissions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.4.20"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.4.21"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-29582"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-23T18:04:48Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-02-03T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In JetBrains Kotlin before 1.4.21, a vulnerable Java API was used for temporary file and folder creation. An attacker was able to read data from such files and list directories due to insecure permissions.",
  "id": "GHSA-cqj8-47ch-rvvq",
  "modified": "2022-06-23T18:04:48Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:40:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-29582"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.jetbrains.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.jetbrains.com/blog/2021/02/03/jetbrains-security-bulletin-q4-2020"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r2721aba31a8562639c4b937150897e24f78f747cdbda8641c0f659fe@%3Cusers.kafka.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Incorrect Default Permissions in JetBrains Kotlin"
}

GHSA-CQJV-WHWG-WH47

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:59 – Updated: 2022-12-06 21:44
VLAI
Summary
Jenkins Dynatrace Plugin contains Incorrect Default Permissions
Details

A missing permission check in Jenkins Dynatrace Application Monitoring Plugin allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to connect to an attacker-specified URL using attacker-specified credentials. This issue was patched in version 2.1.5, however, please

NOTE: This plugin is marked as DEPRECATED

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:dynatrace-dashboard"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-10463"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-06T21:44:43Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-10-23T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A missing permission check in Jenkins Dynatrace Application Monitoring Plugin allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to connect to an attacker-specified URL using attacker-specified credentials. This issue was patched in version 2.1.5, however, please \n\n##NOTE: This plugin is marked as DEPRECATED",
  "id": "GHSA-cqjv-whwg-wh47",
  "modified": "2022-12-06T21:44:43Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:59:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10463"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/dynatrace-plugin/commit/b6e55709476d9f6dfaf75a4cd744fe1798868168"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/dynatrace-plugin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-10-23/#SECURITY-1483%20(2)"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/10/23/2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Jenkins Dynatrace Plugin contains Incorrect Default Permissions"
}

GHSA-CQRP-PFPX-F7VJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:42 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:42
VLAI
Details

"Tasks" application version before 9.7.3 is affected by insecure permissions. The VoiceCommandActivity application component allows arbitrary applications on a device to add tasks with no restrictions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-22475"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-02-22T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "\"Tasks\" application version before 9.7.3 is affected by insecure permissions. The VoiceCommandActivity application component allows arbitrary applications on a device to add tasks with no restrictions.",
  "id": "GHSA-cqrp-pfpx-f7vj",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:42:47Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:42:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-22475"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lyhinslab.org/index.php/2020/07/18/how-the-white-box-hacking-works-ok-google-i-wanna-pwn-this-app"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/49563"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-CRF2-93PG-R2VP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-28 09:31 – Updated: 2025-04-28 09:31
VLAI
Details

Multiple SEIKO EPSON printer drivers for Windows OS are configured with an improper access permission settings when installed or used in a language other than English. If a user is directed to place a crafted DLL file in a location of an attacker's choosing, the attacker may execute arbitrary code with SYSTEM privilege on a Windows system on which the printer driver is installed.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-42598"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-28T09:15:21Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple SEIKO EPSON printer drivers for Windows OS are configured with an improper access permission settings when installed or used in a language other than English. If a user is directed to place a crafted DLL file in a location of an attacker\u0027s choosing, the attacker may execute arbitrary code with SYSTEM privilege on a Windows system on which the printer driver is installed.",
  "id": "GHSA-crf2-93pg-r2vp",
  "modified": "2025-04-28T09:31:55Z",
  "published": "2025-04-28T09:31:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-42598"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/vu/JVNVU90649144"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.epson.co.uk/en_GB/faq/KA-01993/contents?loc=en-us"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.epson.jp/support/misc_t/250428_oshirase.htm"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www2.epson.jp/support/misc_t/windrv_productlist.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CRFV-M32J-V6C2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 13:30 – Updated: 2026-05-26 13:30
VLAI
Details

Splinterware System Scheduler Pro 5.12 contains an insecure file permissions vulnerability that allows low-privilege users to escalate privileges by modifying service executable files. Attackers can rename the WService.exe file in the installation directory and replace it with a malicious executable that executes with LocalSystem privileges when the service is triggered.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-25359"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-25T15:16:18Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Splinterware System Scheduler Pro 5.12 contains an insecure file permissions vulnerability that allows low-privilege users to escalate privileges by modifying service executable files. Attackers can rename the WService.exe file in the installation directory and replace it with a malicious executable that executes with LocalSystem privileges when the service is triggered.",
  "id": "GHSA-crfv-m32j-v6c2",
  "modified": "2026-05-26T13:30:43Z",
  "published": "2026-05-26T13:30:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-25359"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/45072"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.splinterware.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/splinterware-system-scheduler-pro-privilege-escalation"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CRGQ-PGXG-J3X2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-11 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-11 18:30
VLAI
Details

Incorrect default permissions for some Intel(R) Thread Director Visualizer software before version 1.1.1 within Ring 3: User Applications may allow an escalation of privilege. Unprivileged software adversary with an authenticated user combined with a high complexity attack may enable escalation of privilege. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are present without special internal knowledge and requires active user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-31940"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-11T17:15:48Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Incorrect default permissions for some Intel(R) Thread Director Visualizer software before version 1.1.1 within Ring 3: User Applications may allow an escalation of privilege. Unprivileged software adversary with an authenticated user combined with a high complexity attack may enable escalation of privilege. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are present without special internal knowledge and requires active user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.",
  "id": "GHSA-crgq-pgxg-j3x2",
  "modified": "2025-11-11T18:30:19Z",
  "published": "2025-11-11T18:30:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31940"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01375.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-1
Architecture and Design Operation

The architecture needs to access and modification attributes for files to only those users who actually require those actions.

Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

  • Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
  • Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing

An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.

CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering

Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.