CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
8651 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-5CG2-WMX6-CCQV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-03 18:48 – Updated: 2024-07-05 18:34Mattermost versions 9.5.x <= 9.5.5 and 9.8.0, when using shared channels with multiple remote servers connected, fail to check that the remote server A requesting the server B to update the profile picture of a user is the remote that actually has the user as a local one . This allows a malicious remote A to change the profile images of users that belong to another remote server C that is connected to the server A.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-36257"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-03T09:15:06Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Mattermost versions 9.5.x \u003c= 9.5.5 and 9.8.0,\u00a0when using shared channels with multiple remote servers connected,\u00a0fail to check that the remote server A requesting the server B to update the profile picture of a user is the remote that actually has the user as a local one .\u00a0This allows a malicious remote A to change the profile images of users that belong to another remote server C that is connected to the server A.",
"id": "GHSA-5cg2-wmx6-ccqv",
"modified": "2024-07-05T18:34:16Z",
"published": "2024-07-03T18:48:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-36257"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5CGR-6HJX-88V5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-01 00:30 – Updated: 2026-04-02 21:32This issue was addressed with additional entitlement checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.7.5, macOS Sequoia 15.4, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5. An app may be able to retrieve Safari bookmarks without an entitlement check.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24259"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-31T23:15:22Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "This issue was addressed with additional entitlement checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.7.5, macOS Sequoia 15.4, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5. An app may be able to retrieve Safari bookmarks without an entitlement check.",
"id": "GHSA-5cgr-6hjx-88v5",
"modified": "2026-04-02T21:32:16Z",
"published": "2025-04-01T00:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24259"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122373"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122374"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122375"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122405"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/May/6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5CJ2-3JR2-5H77
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-18 20:12 – Updated: 2026-06-18 20:12Summary
Shell positional parameters could weaken strict inline-eval checks. In affected versions, a command request that combines allowlisted tools with shell positional arguments could place inline-eval content in a shell carrier not covered by the strict check.
This advisory is scoped to the named feature and configuration. It does not change OpenClaw's trusted-operator model: authenticated Gateway operators, installed plugins, and intentional local execution surfaces remain trusted unless a separate policy, approval, allowlist, sandbox, or auth boundary is crossed.
Impact
When the affected feature is enabled and reachable, this could run shell-provided content outside the intended allowlist rule. Practical impact depends on the operator's configuration and whether lower-trust input can reach that path.
Patched Versions
The first stable patched version is 2026.4.2.
Mitigations
avoid allowlisting shell carrier patterns and require approval for shell wrappers until patched. As general hardening, keep channel and tool allowlists narrow, avoid sharing one Gateway between mutually untrusted users, and disable the affected feature when it is not needed.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-53855"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-284",
"CWE-78",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-18T20:12:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nShell positional parameters could weaken strict inline-eval checks. In affected versions, a command request that combines allowlisted tools with shell positional arguments could place inline-eval content in a shell carrier not covered by the strict check.\n\nThis advisory is scoped to the named feature and configuration. It does not change OpenClaw\u0027s trusted-operator model: authenticated Gateway operators, installed plugins, and intentional local execution surfaces remain trusted unless a separate policy, approval, allowlist, sandbox, or auth boundary is crossed.\n\n### Impact\n\nWhen the affected feature is enabled and reachable, this could run shell-provided content outside the intended allowlist rule. Practical impact depends on the operator\u0027s configuration and whether lower-trust input can reach that path.\n\n### Patched Versions\n\nThe first stable patched version is `2026.4.2`.\n\n### Mitigations\n\navoid allowlisting shell carrier patterns and require approval for shell wrappers until patched. As general hardening, keep channel and tool allowlists narrow, avoid sharing one Gateway between mutually untrusted users, and disable the affected feature when it is not needed.",
"id": "GHSA-5cj2-3jr2-5h77",
"modified": "2026-06-18T20:12:12Z",
"published": "2026-06-18T20:12:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-5cj2-3jr2-5h77"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53855"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-shell-positional-parameters-bypass-in-inline-eval-checks"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw: Shell positional parameters could weaken strict inline-eval checks"
}
GHSA-5CJ7-J9H7-83X4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35Vulnerability in the Oracle Public Sector Financials (International) product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Authorization). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Public Sector Financials (International). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Public Sector Financials (International). CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-46967"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T10:54:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Public Sector Financials (International) product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Authorization). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Public Sector Financials (International). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Public Sector Financials (International). CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-5cj7-j9h7-83x4",
"modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:41Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T18:35:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46967"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspujun2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5CP5-8443-8V7R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:32 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:32Vulnerability in the Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Java SE (component: Install). Supported versions that are affected are Oracle Java SE: 8u491, 11.0.31, 17.0.19, 21.0.11, 25.0.3, 26.0.1; Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 17.0.19 and 21.0.11; Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 21.3.18. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition executes to compromise Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-62574"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:19:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Java SE (component: Install). Supported versions that are affected are Oracle Java SE: 8u491, 11.0.31, 17.0.19, 21.0.11, 25.0.3, 26.0.1; Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 17.0.19 and 21.0.11; Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 21.3.18. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition executes to compromise Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-5cp5-8443-8v7r",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:32:34Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:32:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-62574"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5CV7-H7GR-WJGH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-13 21:32 – Updated: 2026-05-13 21:32An Editor can overwrite a dashboard not owned by them to acquire admin on that specific dashboard. The user must have write access to the dashboard to escalate privilege.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-33377"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T20:16:20Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An Editor can overwrite a dashboard not owned by them to acquire admin on that specific dashboard. The user must have write access to the dashboard to escalate privilege.",
"id": "GHSA-5cv7-h7gr-wjgh",
"modified": "2026-05-13T21:32:06Z",
"published": "2026-05-13T21:32:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33377"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://grafana.com/security/security-advisories/cve-2026-33377"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5F4Q-95CP-Q722
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-14 18:30 – Updated: 2024-10-14 18:30In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.2.3 and 9.1.6, and Splunk Secure Gateway versions on Splunk Cloud Platform versions below 3.4.259, 3.6.17, and 3.7.0, a low-privileged user that does not hold the "admin" or "power" Splunk roles can see App Key Value Store (KV Store) deployment configuration and public/private keys in the Splunk Secure Gateway App.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-45735"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-14T17:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.2.3 and 9.1.6, and Splunk Secure Gateway versions on Splunk Cloud Platform versions below 3.4.259, 3.6.17, and 3.7.0, a low-privileged user that does not hold the \"admin\" or \"power\" Splunk roles can see App Key Value Store (KV Store) deployment configuration and public/private keys in the Splunk Secure Gateway App.",
"id": "GHSA-5f4q-95cp-q722",
"modified": "2024-10-14T18:30:25Z",
"published": "2024-10-14T18:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45735"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://advisory.splunk.com/advisories/SVD-2024-1005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://research.splunk.com/application/0a3d6035-7bef-4dfa-b01e-84349edac3b4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5F4W-FFVR-G82J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:17 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:17object-observe.js in Google V8, as used in Google Chrome before 45.0.2454.101, does not properly restrict method calls on access-checked objects, which allows remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy via a (1) observe or (2) getNotifier call.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-1304"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-10-12T01:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "object-observe.js in Google V8, as used in Google Chrome before 45.0.2454.101, does not properly restrict method calls on access-checked objects, which allows remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy via a (1) observe or (2) getNotifier call.",
"id": "GHSA-5f4w-ffvr-g82j",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:17:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:17:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-1304"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromium.googlesource.com/v8/v8/+/9b0fb52b57021473aa813f3fb99ad7384a8b86f1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=531891"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201603-09"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2015/09/stable-channel-update_24.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2015-10/msg00008.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2015-11/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-1841.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2015/dsa-3376"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/76844"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1033683"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2757-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-5F4X-HWV2-W9W2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-05 00:31 – Updated: 2024-11-18 16:26rejetto HFS (aka HTTP File Server) 3 before 0.52.10 on Linux, UNIX, and macOS allows OS command execution by remote authenticated users (if they have Upload permissions). This occurs because a shell is used to execute df (i.e., with execSync instead of spawnSync in child_process in Node.js).
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "hfs"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.52.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-39943"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-07-08T18:38:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-04T23:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "rejetto HFS (aka HTTP File Server) 3 before 0.52.10 on Linux, UNIX, and macOS allows OS command execution by remote authenticated users (if they have Upload permissions). This occurs because a shell is used to execute df (i.e., with execSync instead of spawnSync in child_process in Node.js).",
"id": "GHSA-5f4x-hwv2-w9w2",
"modified": "2024-11-18T16:26:49Z",
"published": "2024-07-05T00:31:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39943"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rejetto/hfs/commit/305381bd36eee074fb238b64302a252668daad1d"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/rejetto/hfs"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rejetto/hfs/compare/v0.52.9...v0.52.10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.rejetto.com/wiki/index.php/HFS:_Working_with_uploads"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "rejetto HFS vulnerable to OS Command Execution by remote authenticated users"
}
GHSA-5F74-CM8J-HPF8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-07 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-07 18:31A native messaging host vulnerability in Pega Browser Extension (PBE) affects users of all versions of Pega Robotic Automation who have installed Pega Browser Extension. A bad actor could create a website that contains malicious code that targets PBE. The vulnerability could occur if a user navigates to this website. The malicious website could then present an unexpected message box.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1079"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-07T16:16:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A native messaging host vulnerability in Pega Browser Extension (PBE) affects users of all versions of Pega Robotic Automation who have installed Pega Browser Extension. A bad actor could create a website that contains malicious code that targets PBE. The vulnerability could occur if a user navigates to this website. The malicious website could then present an unexpected message box.",
"id": "GHSA-5f74-cm8j-hpf8",
"modified": "2026-04-07T18:31:36Z",
"published": "2026-04-07T18:31:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1079"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.pega.com/support-doc/pega-security-advisory-a26-vulnerability-remediation-note"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.