CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
8643 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-5M96-JM5C-8Q85
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-19 18:31 – Updated: 2025-08-19 21:30A security issue has been identified in Appian Enterprise Business Process Management version 25.3. The vulnerability is related to incorrect access control, which under certain conditions could allow unauthorized access to information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-50434"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-19T16:15:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security issue has been identified in Appian Enterprise Business Process Management version 25.3. The vulnerability is related to incorrect access control, which under certain conditions could allow unauthorized access to information.",
"id": "GHSA-5m96-jm5c-8q85",
"modified": "2025-08-19T21:30:36Z",
"published": "2025-08-19T18:31:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-50434"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/Exploit097/11f87812186012efa3ffd9d1fec152ed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5MFR-HH9V-5VGG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-20 03:30 – Updated: 2025-01-20 03:30A vulnerability classified as critical was found in itsourcecode Farm Management System up to 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /add-pig.php. The manipulation of the argument pigphoto leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be initiated remotely.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-0582"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-20T03:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical was found in itsourcecode Farm Management System up to 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /add-pig.php. The manipulation of the argument pigphoto leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be initiated remotely.",
"id": "GHSA-5mfr-hh9v-5vgg",
"modified": "2025-01-20T03:30:51Z",
"published": "2025-01-20T03:30:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0582"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yunhai666/cve/issues/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://itsourcecode.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.292600"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.292600"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.484909"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-5MFV-P7RJ-5XGX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-29 15:31 – Updated: 2026-08-05 21:31Joomla Extension - balbooa.com - Privilege Escalation in Gridbox < 2.20.2 - The registration method allows users provided usergroup IDs, allowing unauthenticated actors to register new accounts with administrative permissions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-65884"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-29T13:19:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Joomla Extension - balbooa.com - Privilege Escalation in Gridbox \u003c 2.20.2 - The registration method allows users provided usergroup IDs, allowing unauthenticated actors to register new accounts with administrative permissions.",
"id": "GHSA-5mfv-p7rj-5xgx",
"modified": "2026-08-05T21:31:31Z",
"published": "2026-07-29T15:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-65884"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mysites.guru/blog/gridbox-23-critical-vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.balbooa.com/gridbox"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:A/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:Y/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Red",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-5MQC-JPW5-5HRH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-10 18:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:30An improper access control vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.2.0 - 7.2.4 and 7.4.0 allows an attacker to access a restricted resource from a non trusted host.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-33301"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-10T17:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An improper access control vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.2.0 - 7.2.4 and 7.4.0 allows an attacker to access a restricted resource from a non trusted host.",
"id": "GHSA-5mqc-jpw5-5hrh",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:30:08Z",
"published": "2023-10-10T18:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33301"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-23-139"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5MQF-CXMJ-6PGF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-05 00:31 – Updated: 2026-06-05 12:31Insufficient policy enforcement in Content Settings in Google Chrome prior to 149.0.7827.53 allowed a remote attacker to bypass discretionary access control via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-11252"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-05T00:17:01Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insufficient policy enforcement in Content Settings in Google Chrome prior to 149.0.7827.53 allowed a remote attacker to bypass discretionary access control via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)",
"id": "GHSA-5mqf-cxmj-6pgf",
"modified": "2026-06-05T12:31:45Z",
"published": "2026-06-05T00:31:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-11252"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/498373018"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5P2X-8427-9FGP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-12 12:30 – Updated: 2024-02-12 17:33Inadequate access control in Moodle LMS. This vulnerability could allow a local user with a student role to create arbitrary events intended for users with higher roles. It could also allow the attacker to add events to the calendar of all users without their prior consent.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "4.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-1439"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-02-12T17:33:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-12T11:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Inadequate access control in Moodle LMS. This vulnerability could allow a local user with a student role to create arbitrary events intended for users with higher roles. It could also allow the attacker to add events to the calendar of all users without their prior consent.",
"id": "GHSA-5p2x-8427-9fgp",
"modified": "2024-02-12T17:33:01Z",
"published": "2024-02-12T12:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-1439"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/inadequate-access-control-vulnerability-moodle"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Moodle Improper Access Control vulnerability"
}
GHSA-5P4H-P3W9-2G68
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:06 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:06The failover ipsec implementation in Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software 9.1 before 9.1(6), 9.2 before 9.2(3.3), and 9.3 before 9.3(3) does not properly validate failover communication messages, which allows remote attackers to reconfigure an ASA device, and consequently obtain administrative control, by sending crafted UDP packets over the local network to the failover interface, aka Bug ID CSCur21069.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-0675"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-04-13T01:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The failover ipsec implementation in Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software 9.1 before 9.1(6), 9.2 before 9.2(3.3), and 9.3 before 9.3(3) does not properly validate failover communication messages, which allows remote attackers to reconfigure an ASA device, and consequently obtain administrative control, by sending crafted UDP packets over the local network to the failover interface, aka Bug ID CSCur21069.",
"id": "GHSA-5p4h-p3w9-2g68",
"modified": "2022-05-17T04:06:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:06:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-0675"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20150408-asa"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1032045"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-5P86-7V4G-7F7R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-18 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:32Vulnerability in the Oracle Health Sciences InForm product of Oracle Health Sciences Applications (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are Prior to 6.3.1.3 and Prior to 7.0.0.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Health Sciences InForm. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Health Sciences InForm accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Health Sciences InForm accessible data and unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of Oracle Health Sciences InForm. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.3 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-21923"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-18T20:15:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Health Sciences InForm product of Oracle Health Sciences Applications (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are Prior to 6.3.1.3 and Prior to 7.0.0.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Health Sciences InForm. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Health Sciences InForm accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Health Sciences InForm accessible data and unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of Oracle Health Sciences InForm. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.3 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L).",
"id": "GHSA-5p86-7v4g-7f7r",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:32:45Z",
"published": "2023-04-18T21:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21923"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2023.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5P8H-M559-WPW7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-01 09:30 – Updated: 2023-12-01 09:30An issue has been discovered in GitLab EE affecting all versions starting from 8.13 before 16.4.3, all versions starting from 16.5 before 16.5.3, all versions starting from 16.6 before 16.6.1. It was possible for an attacker to abuse the Allowed to merge permission as a guest user, when granted the permission through a group.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4658"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-01T07:15:10Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "An issue has been discovered in GitLab EE affecting all versions starting from 8.13 before 16.4.3, all versions starting from 16.5 before 16.5.3, all versions starting from 16.6 before 16.6.1. It was possible for an attacker to abuse the `Allowed to merge` permission as a guest user, when granted the permission through a group.",
"id": "GHSA-5p8h-m559-wpw7",
"modified": "2023-12-01T09:30:44Z",
"published": "2023-12-01T09:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4658"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2104540"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/423835"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5P9G-J988-PCWV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-30 14:44 – Updated: 2026-07-30 14:44Summary
Vulnerability: Missing Session Ownership Validation in the Ruby MCP SDK's Streamable and SSE HTTP transport implementation. Any attacker with a stolen session ID can execute tools with the victim's session. This is a silent attack - the victim's session is compromised and being used for unauthorized actions, but it is hard to know for the victim
Details
https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/ruby-sdk/blob/main/lib/mcp/server/transports/streamable_http_transport.rb#L260-L278
Victim starts a legitimate MCP session and receives session ID abc-123 Attacker obtains the session ID (various means - network sniffing, logs, etc. out of scope for this analysis) Attacker sends POST to /messages/abc-123 with a tool call Server accepts the request (no ownership validation!) Server executes the tool and sends response to victim's SSE stream Victim receives attacker's response, thinking it's legitimate
PoC
attacker_client.py legitimate_client.py
Prerequisites
- Python 3.8+
- Install dependencies:
requests
Running the Demo
- Terminal 1: Start the Ruby MCP Server
ruby streamable_http_server.rb
Makes use of https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/ruby-sdk/blob/main/examples/streamable_http_server.rb This server has a tool call notification_tool which the clients call
- Terminal 2: Start Victim Client
python3 legitimate_client.py
- Terminal 3 - Attacker Client:
Copy the session ID from Terminal 1 and run:
python3 attacker_client.py abc-123-def-456
- Back to Terminal 2 - Victim sees the injected response:
Impact
- Integrity: HIGH - Attacker can execute unauthorized tools and modify state
- Availability: LOW - Attacker can disrupt victim's session with injected responses
Additional Details
Session Hijacking Protection in MCP Implementations
The MCP specification recommends - "MCP servers SHOULD bind session IDs to user-specific information".
User Binding - Comparison other SDKs
csharp-sdk
- https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/csharp-sdk/blob/main/src/ModelContextProtocol.AspNetCore/SseHandler.cs#L36
- https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/csharp-sdk/blob/main/src/ModelContextProtocol.AspNetCore/SseHandler.cs#L95-L98
Go-sdk
- https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/go-sdk/blob/main/mcp/streamable.go#L66
- https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/go-sdk/blob/main/mcp/streamable.go#L316-L320
Comparison with the Stream Replacement vulnerability
Stream Replacement https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/ruby-sdk/security/advisories/GHSA-qvqr-5cv7-wh35
- Target: SSE stream connection
- Attack Vector: GET /mcp
- What happens to Victim: The connection is disconnected and doesn't receive reponses
Session Poisoning
- Target: Tool execution
- Attack Vector: POST /mcp
- What happens to Victim: The connection stays connected and receives responses of tool calls by attacker
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.22.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "mcp"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.23.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-67431"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-30T14:44:28Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-29T20:17:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n**Vulnerability**: Missing Session Ownership Validation in the Ruby MCP SDK\u0027s Streamable and SSE HTTP transport implementation. Any attacker with a stolen session ID can execute tools with the victim\u0027s session. This is a silent attack - the victim\u0027s session is compromised and being used for unauthorized actions, but it is hard to know for the victim\n\n### Details\nhttps://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/ruby-sdk/blob/main/lib/mcp/server/transports/streamable_http_transport.rb#L260-L278\n\n**Victim** starts a legitimate MCP session and receives session ID abc-123\n**Attacker** obtains the session ID (various means - network sniffing, logs, etc. out of scope for this analysis)\n**Attacker** sends POST to /messages/abc-123 with a tool call\n**Server** accepts the request (no ownership validation!)\n**Server** executes the tool and sends response to victim\u0027s SSE stream\n**Victim** receives attacker\u0027s response, thinking it\u0027s legitimate\n\n### PoC\n[attacker_client.py](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/26044817/attacker_client.py)\n[legitimate_client.py](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/26044818/legitimate_client.py)\n\n**Prerequisites**\n\n1. Python 3.8+\n2. Install dependencies: `requests`\n\n**Running the Demo**\n\n1. **Terminal 1:** Start the Ruby MCP Server\n\n`ruby streamable_http_server.rb`\n\nMakes use of https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/ruby-sdk/blob/main/examples/streamable_http_server.rb\nThis server has a tool call notification_tool which the clients call\n\n2. **Terminal 2:** Start Victim Client\n\n`python3 legitimate_client.py`\n\n3. **Terminal 3** - Attacker Client:\n\nCopy the session ID from Terminal 1 and run:\n\n```bash\npython3 attacker_client.py abc-123-def-456\n```\n4. **Back to Terminal 2** - Victim sees the injected response:\n\n### Impact\n\n- **Integrity:** HIGH - Attacker can execute unauthorized tools and modify state\n- **Availability:** LOW - Attacker can disrupt victim\u0027s session with injected responses\n\n### Additional Details\nSession Hijacking Protection in MCP Implementations\n\nThe MCP specification recommends - \"[MCP servers SHOULD bind session IDs to user-specific information](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/docs/tutorials/security/security_best_practices#mitigation-4)\".\n\n#### User Binding - Comparison other SDKs\n**csharp-sdk**\n\n- https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/csharp-sdk/blob/main/src/ModelContextProtocol.AspNetCore/SseHandler.cs#L36\n- https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/csharp-sdk/blob/main/src/ModelContextProtocol.AspNetCore/SseHandler.cs#L95-L98\n\n**Go-sdk**\n\n- https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/go-sdk/blob/main/mcp/streamable.go#L66\n- https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/go-sdk/blob/main/mcp/streamable.go#L316-L320\n\n#### Comparison with the Stream Replacement vulnerability \n\n**Stream Replacement**\nhttps://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/ruby-sdk/security/advisories/GHSA-qvqr-5cv7-wh35\n\n- **Target**: SSE stream connection\n- **Attack Vector**: GET /mcp\n- **What happens to Victim**: The connection is disconnected and doesn\u0027t receive reponses \n\n**Session Poisoning**\n\n- **Target**: Tool execution\n- **Attack Vector**: POST /mcp\n- **What happens to Victim**: The connection stays connected and receives responses of tool calls by attacker",
"id": "GHSA-5p9g-j988-pcwv",
"modified": "2026-07-30T14:44:28Z",
"published": "2026-07-30T14:44:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/ruby-sdk/security/advisories/GHSA-5p9g-j988-pcwv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-67431"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/ruby-sdk/commit/35466605319a34e4c7808712ae9bb1ca1afb2356"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/ruby-sdk"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/ruby-sdk/releases/tag/v0.23.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "MCP Ruby SDK: Ruby SSE Session Poisoning"
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.