CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
8563 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-84X2-P8RX-5Q4G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-30 03:30 – Updated: 2026-07-05 18:30Tinxy WiFi Lock Controller v1 RF was discovered to be configured to transmit on an open Wi-Fi network, allowing attackers to join the network without authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-44619"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-30T03:15:20Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tinxy WiFi Lock Controller v1 RF was discovered to be configured to transmit on an open Wi-Fi network, allowing attackers to join the network without authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-84x2-p8rx-5q4g",
"modified": "2026-07-05T18:30:42Z",
"published": "2025-05-30T03:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-44619"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/kavach-iot-security"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tinxy.in"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/@hackthehardware"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tinxy.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://wifi.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-84X9-8J9V-QMW6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Sites product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: WebCenter Sites). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle WebCenter Sites. While the vulnerability is in Oracle WebCenter Sites, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle WebCenter Sites accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle WebCenter Sites accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.7 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-60553"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:55Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Sites product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: WebCenter Sites). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle WebCenter Sites. While the vulnerability is in Oracle WebCenter Sites, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle WebCenter Sites accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle WebCenter Sites accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.7 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-84x9-8j9v-qmw6",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:47Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:31:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60553"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-84XJ-452R-299M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-07 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-09 15:35MRCMS 3.1.2 contains an access control vulnerability. The save() method in src/main/java/org/marker/mushroom/controller/UserController.java lacks proper authorization validation, enabling direct addition of super administrator accounts without authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-31272"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-07T18:16:41Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "MRCMS 3.1.2 contains an access control vulnerability. The save() method in src/main/java/org/marker/mushroom/controller/UserController.java lacks proper authorization validation, enabling direct addition of super administrator accounts without authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-84xj-452r-299m",
"modified": "2026-04-09T15:35:06Z",
"published": "2026-04-07T18:31:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31272"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/clockw1se0v0/Vul/blob/main/MRCMS/Unauthorized.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8522-PJCF-FHC2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-06 00:31 – Updated: 2025-02-14 18:30Improper access control in the notification feature in Devolutions Server 2023.3.14.0 and earlier allows a low privileged user to change notifications settings configured by an administrator.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-1898"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-05T22:15:47Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper access control in the notification feature in Devolutions Server 2023.3.14.0 and earlier allows a low privileged user to change notifications settings configured by an administrator.",
"id": "GHSA-8522-pjcf-fhc2",
"modified": "2025-02-14T18:30:44Z",
"published": "2024-03-06T00:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-1898"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://devolutions.net/security/advisories/DEVO-2024-0002"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8528-JJPW-Q9WX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-19 12:31 – Updated: 2025-02-19 12:31The ElementsKit Elementor addons plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 3.4.0 due to a missing capability checks on the get_megamenu_content() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to view any item created in Elementor, such as posts, pages and templates including drafts, trashed and private items.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-0968"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-19T12:15:31Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The ElementsKit Elementor addons plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 3.4.0 due to a missing capability checks on the get_megamenu_content() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to view any item created in Elementor, such as posts, pages and templates including drafts, trashed and private items.",
"id": "GHSA-8528-jjpw-q9wx",
"modified": "2025-02-19T12:31:45Z",
"published": "2025-02-19T12:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0968"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/elementskit-lite/trunk/modules/megamenu/api.php#L47"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3237243"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/elementskit-lite/#developers"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/432ac3b1-8f1d-442f-8e8d-62a1f26ba259?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8574-XJHR-VXC8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-27 21:31 – Updated: 2026-07-28 18:32A permissions issue was addressed with additional sandbox restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8, macOS Tahoe 26.6. An app may be able to bypass network restrictions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-28945"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-27T21:16:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A permissions issue was addressed with additional sandbox restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8, macOS Tahoe 26.6. An app may be able to bypass network restrictions.",
"id": "GHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8",
"modified": "2026-07-28T18:32:51Z",
"published": "2026-07-27T21:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28945"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/128067"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/128071"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/128072"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-857P-384W-97MC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-12 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-12 18:30Improper access control in Microsoft Office allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42832"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T18:17:25Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper access control in Microsoft Office allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing locally.",
"id": "GHSA-857p-384w-97mc",
"modified": "2026-05-12T18:30:47Z",
"published": "2026-05-12T18:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42832"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-42832"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-858C-G64P-6MFH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-16 06:31 – Updated: 2025-11-16 06:31A weakness has been identified in Bdtask Flight Booking Software 4. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /agent/profile/edit of the component Edit Profile Page. This manipulation causes unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be exploited. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-13238"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-16T06:15:42Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A weakness has been identified in Bdtask Flight Booking Software 4. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /agent/profile/edit of the component Edit Profile Page. This manipulation causes unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be exploited. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-858c-g64p-6mfh",
"modified": "2025-11-16T06:31:11Z",
"published": "2025-11-16T06:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13238"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/4m3rr0r/PoCVulDb/issues/6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.332564"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.332564"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.686895"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-85GX-3QV6-4463
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-17 22:20 – Updated: 2026-05-12 13:31Summary
A vulnerability has been found in Dapr that allows bypassing access control policies for service invocation using reserved URL characters and path traversal sequences in method paths. The ACL normalized the method path independently from the dispatch layer, so the ACL evaluated one path while the target application received a different one.
Users who have configured access control policies for service invocation are strongly encouraged to upgrade Dapr to the respective patch version 1.17.5, 1.16.14, and 1.15.14.
Impact
This vulnerability impacts Dapr users who have configured access control policies for service invocation. An attacker who can reach the Dapr HTTP or gRPC API could:
- Use encoded path traversal (ex:
admin%2F..%2Fpublic) to reach an allowed path while the method started from a denied prefix. - Use encoded fragment (
%23) or query (%3F) characters to cause the ACL to evaluate a different path than what was delivered to the target application.
Patches
Users should upgrade immediately to their respective Dapr version 1.17.5, 1.16.14, and 1.15.14.
Details
Dapr supports access control policies for service invocation, which allow operators to restrict which methods an application is permitted to call on a target app. When a request arrives, Dapr evaluates the method path against the configured policy before dispatching to the target.
Prior to this fix, the ACL and the dispatch layer normalized the method path independently. The ACL used purell.NormalizeURLString, which decoded %XX sequences, resolved ../, and stripped # and ? as URL delimiters. The dispatch layer used the raw method string. This mismatch meant the ACL authorized one path while the target application received a different one.
For example, a method of admin%2F..%2Fpublic was normalized by the ACL to public (allowed), but the target application received admin/../public.
The gRPC API was the more dangerous vector because gRPC passes method strings raw — #, ?, ../, and control characters were all delivered literally with no client-side sanitization.
References
This PR signaled to us about the CVE, special thanks to @dbconfession78 for the efforts here and the original PR.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/dapr/dapr"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.17.0-rc.1"
},
{
"fixed": "1.17.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/dapr/dapr"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.16.0-rc.1"
},
{
"fixed": "1.16.14"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/dapr/dapr"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.15.14"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41491"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22",
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-17T22:20:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-08T14:16:33Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nA vulnerability has been found in Dapr that allows bypassing access control policies for service invocation using reserved URL characters and path traversal sequences in method paths. The ACL normalized the method path independently from the dispatch layer, so the ACL evaluated one path while the target application received a different one.\n\nUsers who have configured access control policies for service invocation are strongly encouraged to upgrade Dapr to the respective patch version `1.17.5`, `1.16.14`, and `1.15.14`.\n\n### Impact\n\nThis vulnerability impacts Dapr users who have configured access control policies for service invocation. An attacker who can reach the Dapr HTTP or gRPC API could:\n\n- Use encoded path traversal (ex: `admin%2F..%2Fpublic`) to reach an allowed path while the method started from a denied prefix.\n- Use encoded fragment (`%23`) or query (`%3F`) characters to cause the ACL to evaluate a different path than what was delivered to the target application.\n\n### Patches\n\nUsers should upgrade immediately to their respective Dapr version `1.17.5`, `1.16.14`, and `1.15.14`.\n\n### Details\n\nDapr supports access control policies for service invocation, which allow operators to restrict which methods an application is permitted to call on a target app. When a request arrives, Dapr evaluates the method path against the configured policy before dispatching to the target.\n\nPrior to this fix, the ACL and the dispatch layer normalized the method path independently. The ACL used `purell.NormalizeURLString`, which decoded `%XX` sequences, resolved `../`, and stripped `#` and `?` as URL delimiters. The dispatch layer used the raw method string. This mismatch meant the ACL authorized one path while the target application received a different one.\n\nFor example, a method of `admin%2F..%2Fpublic` was normalized by the ACL to public (allowed), but the target application received `admin/../public`. \n\nThe gRPC API was the more dangerous vector because gRPC passes method strings raw \u2014 `#`, `?`, `../`, and control characters were all delivered literally with no client-side sanitization.\n\n### References\n\n[This PR](https://github.com/dapr/dapr/pull/9589) signaled to us about the CVE, special thanks to @dbconfession78 for the efforts here and the original PR.",
"id": "GHSA-85gx-3qv6-4463",
"modified": "2026-05-12T13:31:35Z",
"published": "2026-04-17T22:20:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dapr/dapr/security/advisories/GHSA-85gx-3qv6-4463"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41491"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dapr/dapr/pull/9589"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/dapr/dapr"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Dapr: Service Invocation path traversal ACL bypass"
}
GHSA-85JJ-C9JR-9JHX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-27 12:30 – Updated: 2023-11-28 20:53Mattermost fails to perform proper authorization in the /plugins/focalboard/api/v2/users endpoint allowing an attacker who is a guest user and knows the ID of another user to get their information (e.g. name, surname, nickname) via Mattermost Boards.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server/v6"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.8.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-6202"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-11-28T20:53:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-27T10:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Mattermost fails to perform proper authorization in the `/plugins/focalboard/api/v2/users` endpoint allowing an attacker who is a guest user and knows the ID of another user\u00a0to get their information (e.g. name, surname, nickname) via Mattermost Boards.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-85jj-c9jr-9jhx",
"modified": "2023-11-28T20:53:16Z",
"published": "2023-11-27T12:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6202"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Mattermost Improper Access Control vulnerability"
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.