CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
8511 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CH4X-F5C4-36GV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-09 03:31 – Updated: 2024-11-22 12:39A security flaw in Node.js allows a bypass of network import restrictions. By embedding non-network imports in data URLs, an attacker can execute arbitrary code, compromising system security. Verified on various platforms, the vulnerability is mitigated by forbidding data URLs in network imports. Exploiting this flaw can violate network import security, posing a risk to developers and servers.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-22020"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-09T02:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security flaw in Node.js allows a bypass of network import restrictions.\nBy embedding non-network imports in data URLs, an attacker can execute arbitrary code, compromising system security.\nVerified on various platforms, the vulnerability is mitigated by forbidding data URLs in network imports.\nExploiting this flaw can violate network import security, posing a risk to developers and servers.",
"id": "GHSA-ch4x-f5c4-36gv",
"modified": "2024-11-22T12:39:08Z",
"published": "2024-07-09T03:31:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-22020"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2092749"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20241122-0006"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/11/6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/19/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CH59-3G4R-2XV7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31Vulnerability in the Oracle WebLogic Server product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Console). Supported versions that are affected are 14.1.2.0.0 and 15.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle WebLogic Server. While the vulnerability is in Oracle WebLogic Server, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle WebLogic Server accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle WebLogic Server accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.6 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-60528"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:52Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle WebLogic Server product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Console). Supported versions that are affected are 14.1.2.0.0 and 15.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle WebLogic Server. While the vulnerability is in Oracle WebLogic Server, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle WebLogic Server accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle WebLogic Server accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.6 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-ch59-3g4r-2xv7",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:45Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60528"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CH5C-CF77-9RPP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-27 21:31 – Updated: 2026-07-28 18:32An access issue was addressed with additional sandbox restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Tahoe 26.6. An app may be able to access sensitive user data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-43819"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-27T21:17:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An access issue was addressed with additional sandbox restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Tahoe 26.6. An app may be able to access sensitive user data.",
"id": "GHSA-ch5c-cf77-9rpp",
"modified": "2026-07-28T18:32:52Z",
"published": "2026-07-27T21:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43819"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/128067"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CH68-7CF4-35VR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-07 21:57 – Updated: 2022-02-07 21:57Impact
This impacts deployments using SAML SSO in two specific cases:
- A malicious or compromised Service Provider (SP) could reuse the SAML response to log into Fleet as a user -- only if the user has an account with the same email in Fleet, and the user signs into the malicious SP via SAML SSO from the same Identity Provider (IdP) configured with Fleet.
- A user with an account in Fleet could reuse a SAML response intended for another SP to log into Fleet. This is only a concern if the user is blocked from Fleet in the IdP, but continues to have an account in Fleet. If the user is blocked from the IdP entirely, this cannot be exploited.
Patches
Fleet 4.9.1 resolves this issue.
Workarounds and good practices
- Reduce the length of sessions on your IdP to reduce the window for malicious re-use.
- Limit the amount of SAML Service Providers/Applications used by user accounts with access to Fleet.
- When removing access to Fleet in the IdP, delete the Fleet user from Fleet as well.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Join us in the #fleet channel of osquery Slack. * Email us at security@fleetdm.com.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/fleetdm/fleet/v4"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.9.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23600"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-02-03T17:19:00Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-04T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nThis impacts deployments using SAML SSO in two specific cases:\n\n1. A malicious or compromised Service Provider (SP) could reuse the SAML response to log into Fleet as a user -- only if the user has an account with the same email in Fleet, _and_ the user signs into the malicious SP via SAML SSO from the same Identity Provider (IdP) configured with Fleet.\n2. A user with an account in Fleet could reuse a SAML response intended for another SP to log into Fleet. This is only a concern if the user is blocked from Fleet in the IdP, but continues to have an account in Fleet. If the user is blocked from the IdP entirely, this cannot be exploited.\n\n### Patches\nFleet 4.9.1 resolves this issue.\n\n### Workarounds and good practices\n* Reduce the length of sessions on your IdP to reduce the window for malicious re-use.\n* Limit the amount of SAML Service Providers/Applications used by user accounts with access to Fleet.\n* When removing access to Fleet in the IdP, delete the Fleet user from Fleet as well.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Join us in the #fleet channel of [osquery Slack](https://join.slack.com/t/osquery/shared_invite/zt-h29zm0gk-s2DBtGUTW4CFel0f0IjTEw).\n* Email us at [security@fleetdm.com](mailto:security@fleetdm.com).",
"id": "GHSA-ch68-7cf4-35vr",
"modified": "2022-02-07T21:57:38Z",
"published": "2022-02-07T21:57:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fleetdm/fleet/security/advisories/GHSA-ch68-7cf4-35vr"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23600"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fleetdm/fleet/commit/35d5a7b285f15ddd47486fa656e8b1acf3d48374"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/fleetdm/fleet"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Limited ability to spoof SAML authentication with missing audience verification in Fleet"
}
GHSA-CH9C-PQ9H-JRR9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 00:03 – Updated: 2025-10-22 03:30Unspecified vulnerability in the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) component in Oracle Java SE 7 update 4 and earlier, 6 update 32 and earlier, 5 update 35 and earlier, and 1.4.2_37 and earlier allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to Hotspot.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-1723"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-06-16T21:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Unspecified vulnerability in the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) component in Oracle Java SE 7 update 4 and earlier, 6 update 32 and earlier, 5 update 35 and earlier, and 1.4.2_37 and earlier allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors related to Hotspot.",
"id": "GHSA-ch9c-pq9h-jrr9",
"modified": "2025-10-22T03:30:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T00:03:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-1723"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A16259"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2012-1723"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/distro-pkg-dev/2012-June/019076.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=134496371727681\u0026w=2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2012-0734.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51080"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/glsa-201406-32.xml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21615246"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2012:095"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/javacpujun2012-1515912.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/53960"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CHM5-6F56-6FWP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-18 18:31 – Updated: 2025-04-22 15:30Incorrect access control in Itel Electronics IP Stream v1.7.0.6 allows unauthorized attackers to execute arbitrary commands with Administrator privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-28231"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-18T18:15:44Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Incorrect access control in Itel Electronics IP Stream v1.7.0.6 allows unauthorized attackers to execute arbitrary commands with Administrator privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-chm5-6f56-6fwp",
"modified": "2025-04-22T15:30:51Z",
"published": "2025-04-18T18:31:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-28231"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shiky8/my--cve-vulnerability-research/tree/main/CVE-2025-28231"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CHMQ-27RF-6923
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-21 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-21 21:31Vulnerability in the Oracle User Management product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Workflow and Business Events). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.7-12.2.15. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle User Management. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle User Management accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle User Management accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 3.8 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-22014"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-21T21:16:28Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle User Management product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Workflow and Business Events). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.7-12.2.15. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle User Management. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle User Management accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle User Management accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 3.8 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-chmq-27rf-6923",
"modified": "2026-04-21T21:31:25Z",
"published": "2026-04-21T21:31:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22014"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CHQ4-R76R-RH84
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-07 18:15 – Updated: 2022-10-12 12:00Improper access control vulnerability in cloudNotificationManager.java SmartThings prior to version 1.7.89.0 allows attackers to access sensitive information via SHOW_PERSISTENT_BANNER broadcast.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-39867"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-668"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-07T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper access control vulnerability in cloudNotificationManager.java SmartThings prior to version 1.7.89.0 allows attackers to access sensitive information via SHOW_PERSISTENT_BANNER broadcast.",
"id": "GHSA-chq4-r76r-rh84",
"modified": "2022-10-12T12:00:24Z",
"published": "2022-10-07T18:15:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-39867"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/serviceWeb.smsb?year=2022\u0026month=10"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CHR9-M4Q2-76HW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-02 16:04 – Updated: 2026-07-02 16:04Summary
In affected LAN/shared-token Control UI deployments, a caller could spoof locality information used during Control UI pairing and obtain a durable admin-capable device token.
This issue is limited to deployments where the caller already has the network/authentication foothold needed to reach the Control UI pairing path. It is not an unauthenticated internet exposure issue.
Affected configurations
This affects configurations such as LAN-bound gateways or shared-token Control UI access where locality signals were accepted as sufficient for pairing decisions.
Impact
A temporary or shared Control UI access path could be turned into a persistent admin device token. That token could remain useful after the shared gateway token was rotated, unless the paired device was removed.
The issue is a pairing/locality validation problem: locality-derived trust was stronger than it should have been.
Patched Versions
The first stable patched version is 2026.5.22.
Mitigations
Upgrade to openclaw@2026.5.22 or later. For older deployments, remove unexpected paired devices and avoid exposing Control UI pairing paths on networks with untrusted clients.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.5.22"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-53817"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-287",
"CWE-290",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-02T16:04:35Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-11T21:16:23Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nIn affected LAN/shared-token Control UI deployments, a caller could spoof locality information used during Control UI pairing and obtain a durable admin-capable device token.\n\nThis issue is limited to deployments where the caller already has the network/authentication foothold needed to reach the Control UI pairing path. It is not an unauthenticated internet exposure issue.\n\n### Affected configurations\n\nThis affects configurations such as LAN-bound gateways or shared-token Control UI access where locality signals were accepted as sufficient for pairing decisions.\n\n### Impact\n\nA temporary or shared Control UI access path could be turned into a persistent admin device token. That token could remain useful after the shared gateway token was rotated, unless the paired device was removed.\n\nThe issue is a pairing/locality validation problem: locality-derived trust was stronger than it should have been.\n\n### Patched Versions\n\nThe first stable patched version is `2026.5.22`.\n\n### Mitigations\n\nUpgrade to `openclaw@2026.5.22` or later. For older deployments, remove unexpected paired devices and avoid exposing Control UI pairing paths on networks with untrusted clients.",
"id": "GHSA-chr9-m4q2-76hw",
"modified": "2026-07-02T16:04:35Z",
"published": "2026-07-02T16:04:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-chr9-m4q2-76hw"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53817"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-control-ui-locality-spoofing-in-device-pairing"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw: Control UI locality spoofing could mint a durable admin device token"
}
GHSA-CHW2-7JR9-47CH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-11 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-11 18:30A vulnerability was detected in baowzh hfly up to 638ff9abe9078bc977c132b37acbe1900b63491c. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /Public/Kindeditor/php/upload_json.php. Performing manipulation of the argument imgFile results in unrestricted upload. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. This product is using a rolling release to provide continious delivery. Therefore, no version details for affected nor updated releases are available. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-14522"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-11T16:16:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was detected in baowzh hfly up to 638ff9abe9078bc977c132b37acbe1900b63491c. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /Public/Kindeditor/php/upload_json.php. Performing manipulation of the argument imgFile results in unrestricted upload. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. This product is using a rolling release to provide continious delivery. Therefore, no version details for affected nor updated releases are available. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-chw2-7jr9-47ch",
"modified": "2025-12-11T18:30:43Z",
"published": "2025-12-11T18:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14522"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Xor-Gerke/webray.com.cn/blob/main/cve/PHP-based%20travel%20website-CMS/PHP-based%20travel%20website-CMS%20upload_json.php%20imgFile%20XSS-File-Upload.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.335860"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.335860"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.702950"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.