CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
8432 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-FF64-3F85-738G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:32 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:32Vulnerability in the Oracle Receivables product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Receivables. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Receivables. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.2 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-60787"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:18:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Receivables product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Receivables. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Receivables. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.2 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-ff64-3f85-738g",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:32:00Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:32:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60787"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FF7Q-2RFW-JG8V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:57 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:57IBM WebSphere MQ 8.0 could allow an authenticated user with access to the queue manager to bring down MQ channels using specially crafted HTTP requests. IBM Reference #: 1998648.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-8986"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-02-22T19:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM WebSphere MQ 8.0 could allow an authenticated user with access to the queue manager to bring down MQ channels using specially crafted HTTP requests. IBM Reference #: 1998648.",
"id": "GHSA-ff7q-2rfw-jg8v",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:57:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:57:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-8986"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21998648"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/96412"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FF96-32VG-GQGR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:32 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:32Vulnerability in the Oracle Time and Labor product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Time and Labor. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Time and Labor accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 5.3 (Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-62507"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:19:06Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Time and Labor product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Time and Labor. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Time and Labor accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 5.3 (Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-ff96-32vg-gqgr",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:32:32Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:32:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-62507"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FFF2-44C8-59C5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-26 00:31 – Updated: 2024-08-13 03:31An issue in Safe Exam Browser for Windows before 3.6 allows an attacker to share clipboard data between the SEB kiosk mode and the underlying system, compromising exam integrity which may lead to arbitrary code execution and obtaining sensitive information via the Clipboard Management component.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-37742"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-25T22:15:35Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue in Safe Exam Browser for Windows before 3.6 allows an attacker to share clipboard data between the SEB kiosk mode and the underlying system, compromising exam integrity which may lead to arbitrary code execution and obtaining sensitive information via the Clipboard Management component.",
"id": "GHSA-fff2-44c8-59c5",
"modified": "2024-08-13T03:31:16Z",
"published": "2024-06-26T00:31:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37742"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Eteblue/CVE-2024-37742"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://youtu.be/SOm0Hgny_3U"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FFF9-MV3R-3F28
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-16 12:30 – Updated: 2023-11-16 12:30Dell Repository Manager, 3.4.3 and prior, contains an Improper Access Control vulnerability in its installation module. A local low-privileged attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to gaining escalated privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-44292"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-16T10:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "\nDell Repository Manager, 3.4.3 and prior, contains an Improper Access Control vulnerability in its installation module. A local low-privileged attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to gaining escalated privileges.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-fff9-mv3r-3f28",
"modified": "2023-11-16T12:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-11-16T12:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-44292"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000219303/dsa-2023-415-security-update-for-dell-repository-manager-vulnerability"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FFG2-X9QJ-6M9X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-15 06:30 – Updated: 2025-09-15 06:30A vulnerability was determined in 1000projects Online Student Project Report Submission and Evaluation System 1.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /admin/controller/faculty_controller.php. This manipulation of the argument new_image causes unrestricted upload. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-10424"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-15T04:15:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was determined in 1000projects Online Student Project Report Submission and Evaluation System 1.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /admin/controller/faculty_controller.php. This manipulation of the argument new_image causes unrestricted upload. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.",
"id": "GHSA-ffg2-x9qj-6m9x",
"modified": "2025-09-15T06:30:26Z",
"published": "2025-09-15T06:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10424"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lan041221/cvec/issues/22"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.323858"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.323858"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.647173"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.647176"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FFJX-JHFG-R39P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:38 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:38OSIsoft PI System software (Applications using PI Asset Framework (AF) Client versions prior to PI AF Client 2016, Version 2.8.0; Applications using PI Software Development Kit (SDK) versions prior to PI SDK 2016, Version 1.4.6; PI Buffer Subsystem, versions prior to and including, Version 4.4; and PI Data Archive versions prior to PI Data Archive 2015, Version 3.4.395.64) operates between endpoints without a complete model of endpoint features potentially causing the product to perform actions based on this incomplete model, which could result in a denial of service. OSIsoft reports that in order to exploit the vulnerability an attacker would need to be locally connected to a server. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-8365"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-03T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "OSIsoft PI System software (Applications using PI Asset Framework (AF) Client versions prior to PI AF Client 2016, Version 2.8.0; Applications using PI Software Development Kit (SDK) versions prior to PI SDK 2016, Version 1.4.6; PI Buffer Subsystem, versions prior to and including, Version 4.4; and PI Data Archive versions prior to PI Data Archive 2015, Version 3.4.395.64) operates between endpoints without a complete model of endpoint features potentially causing the product to perform actions based on this incomplete model, which could result in a denial of service. OSIsoft reports that in order to exploit the vulnerability an attacker would need to be locally connected to a server. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H)",
"id": "GHSA-ffjx-jhfg-r39p",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:38:42Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:38:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-8365"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICS-VU-313-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://techsupport.osisoft.com/Troubleshooting/Alerts/AL00308"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94165"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FFV6-JJ46-X367
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-11 00:11 – Updated: 2026-03-11 05:45Summary
Component state manipulation is possible in django-unicorn due to missing access control checks during property updates and method calls. An attacker can bypass the intended _is_public protection to modify internal attributes such as template_name or trigger protected methods.
Vulnerability Details: Component Access Control Bypass
Security analysis identified that the framework fails to enforce visibility boundaries defined by _is_public within the action parsers. Specifically, the logic in set_property_value() and _call_method_name() utilizes getattr and setattr directly on component instances without verifying if the target attribute or method is explicitly marked as public.
Vulnerability resides in:
- src/django_unicorn/views/action_parsers/call_method.py
- src/django_unicorn/views/action_parsers/utils.py
While Django's template engine restricts rendering to registered directories, an unauthorized user can still force a component to render sensitive templates (e.g., admin layouts) from other installed applications or reset the component state by invoking the internal reset() method.
Proof of Concept (PoC)
Attacker can overwrite the template_name attribute by sending a crafted JSON payload to the message endpoint:
- Construct a payload targeting a protected attribute:
json { "actionQueue": [ { "type": "syncInput", "payload": { "name": "template_name", "value": "admin/base.html" } } ], "data": {}, "meta": "<checksum_of_empty_dict>" } - The server-side component updates its internal state:
self.template_name = "admin/base.html". - Subsequent re-rendering displays the content of the targeted template, bypassing intended component logic.
Impact
Low severity. The risk is limited to unauthorized manipulation of component state and rendering of existing templates within the application's configured template directories. Remote Code Execution (RCE) is not possible via this vector.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "django-unicorn"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.67.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-31815"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-915"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-11T00:11:08Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-10T22:16:19Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\nComponent state manipulation is possible in `django-unicorn` due to missing access control checks during property updates and method calls. An attacker can bypass the intended `_is_public` protection to modify internal attributes such as `template_name` or trigger protected methods.\n\n## Vulnerability Details: Component Access Control Bypass\nSecurity analysis identified that the framework fails to enforce visibility boundaries defined by `_is_public` within the action parsers. Specifically, the logic in `set_property_value()` and `_call_method_name()` utilizes `getattr` and `setattr` directly on component instances without verifying if the target attribute or method is explicitly marked as public.\n\nVulnerability resides in:\n- `src/django_unicorn/views/action_parsers/call_method.py`\n- `src/django_unicorn/views/action_parsers/utils.py`\n\nWhile Django\u0027s template engine restricts rendering to registered directories, an unauthorized user can still force a component to render sensitive templates (e.g., admin layouts) from other installed applications or reset the component state by invoking the internal `reset()` method.\n\n## Proof of Concept (PoC)\nAttacker can overwrite the `template_name` attribute by sending a crafted JSON payload to the message endpoint:\n\n1. Construct a payload targeting a protected attribute:\n ```json\n {\n \"actionQueue\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"syncInput\",\n \"payload\": { \"name\": \"template_name\", \"value\": \"admin/base.html\" }\n }\n ],\n \"data\": {},\n \"meta\": \"\u003cchecksum_of_empty_dict\u003e\"\n }\n ```\n2. The server-side component updates its internal state: `self.template_name = \"admin/base.html\"`.\n3. Subsequent re-rendering displays the content of the targeted template, bypassing intended component logic.\n\n## Impact\nLow severity. The risk is limited to unauthorized manipulation of component state and rendering of existing templates within the application\u0027s configured template directories. Remote Code Execution (RCE) is not possible via this vector.",
"id": "GHSA-ffv6-jj46-x367",
"modified": "2026-03-11T05:45:51Z",
"published": "2026-03-11T00:11:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/django-commons/django-unicorn/security/advisories/GHSA-ffv6-jj46-x367"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31815"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/django-commons/django-unicorn"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "django-unicorn affected by component state manipulation via unvalidated attribute access"
}
GHSA-FFW3-6MP6-JMVJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-04-07 21:05 – Updated: 2024-11-18 16:26Improper Access Control on Configurations Endpoint for the Stable API of Apache Airflow allows users with Viewer or User role to get Airflow Configurations including sensitive information even when [webserver] expose_config is set to False in airflow.cfg. This allowed a privilege escalation attack. This issue affects Apache Airflow 2.0.0.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "apache-airflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.1rc1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"2.0.0"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-26559"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-04-01T23:27:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-17T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Access Control on Configurations Endpoint for the Stable API of Apache Airflow allows users with Viewer or User role to get Airflow Configurations including sensitive information even when `[webserver] expose_config` is set to `False` in `airflow.cfg`. This allowed a privilege escalation attack. This issue affects Apache Airflow 2.0.0.",
"id": "GHSA-ffw3-6mp6-jmvj",
"modified": "2024-11-18T16:26:11Z",
"published": "2021-04-07T21:05:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26559"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/airflow/commit/3909232fafd09ac72b49010ecdfd6ea48f06d5cf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/airflow/commit/5e35926c7eda0dfa11a9623e4bf5f60c2bd6b3f6"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-ffw3-6mp6-jmvj"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/airflow"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/486b76438c0679682cf98cb88ed39c4b161cbcc8/CHANGELOG.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/apache-airflow/PYSEC-2021-2.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3b3787700279ec361308cbefb7c2cce2acb26891a12ce864e4a13c8d%40%3Cusers.airflow.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd142565996d7ee847b9c14b8a9921dcf80bc6bc160e3d9dca6dfc2f8@%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/02/17/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Improper Access Control in Apache Airflow"
}
GHSA-FFWV-M2WP-X38C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-14 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-14 18:30Improper access control in Windows Error Reporting allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-55694"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-14T17:15:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper access control in Windows Error Reporting allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-ffwv-m2wp-x38c",
"modified": "2025-10-14T18:30:31Z",
"published": "2025-10-14T18:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55694"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-55694"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.