CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
7856 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JPWJ-X7JQ-JHC6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-26 00:30 – Updated: 2023-11-03 18:30An issue in rmc R Beauty CLINIC Line v.13.6.1 allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via crafted GET request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-38848"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-25T22:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue in rmc R Beauty CLINIC Line v.13.6.1 allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via crafted GET request.",
"id": "GHSA-jpwj-x7jq-jhc6",
"modified": "2023-11-03T18:30:22Z",
"published": "2023-10-26T00:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38848"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/syz913/CVE-reports/blob/main/CVE-2023-38848.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://liff.line.me/1657640647-Wk2xYj38"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JPX5-RG85-R3XV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:05 – Updated: 2022-07-29 00:00The import_data function of the Simple 301 Redirects by BetterLinks WordPress plugin before 2.0.4 had no capability or nonce checks making it possible for unauthenticated users to import a set of site redirects.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-24353"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-14T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The import_data function of the Simple 301 Redirects by BetterLinks WordPress plugin before 2.0.4 had no capability or nonce checks making it possible for unauthenticated users to import a set of site redirects.",
"id": "GHSA-jpx5-rg85-r3xv",
"modified": "2022-07-29T00:00:42Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:05:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-24353"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/74c23d56-e81f-47e9-bf8b-33d3f0e81894"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2021/05/severe-vulnerabilities-patched-in-simple-301-redirects-by-betterlinks-plugin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JPXM-VH75-QQHJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:07 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:35The SPDY/2 codec in Facebook Proxygen before 2015-11-09 allows remote attackers to conduct hijacking attacks and bypass ACL checks via a crafted host value.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-7263"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-10T03:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The SPDY/2 codec in Facebook Proxygen before 2015-11-09 allows remote attackers to conduct hijacking attacks and bypass ACL checks via a crafted host value.",
"id": "GHSA-jpxm-vh75-qqhj",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:35:39Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:07:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-7263"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/facebook-proxygen/K8wCXbW4ihs"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/forum/#%21topic/facebook-proxygen/K8wCXbW4ihs"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JPXR-52HV-GHWJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Content Server). The supported version that is affected is 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle WebCenter Content. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle WebCenter Content, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle WebCenter Content accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle WebCenter Content accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.3 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-46805"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T10:53:58Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Content Server). The supported version that is affected is 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle WebCenter Content. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle WebCenter Content, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle WebCenter Content accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle WebCenter Content accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.3 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-jpxr-52hv-ghwj",
"modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:29Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T18:35:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46805"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspujun2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQ3G-XQPX-37X3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-01 15:32 – Updated: 2024-11-18 16:26Mattermost versions 9.9.x <= 9.9.0, 9.5.x <= 9.5.6 fail to properly validate synced reactions, when shared channels are enabled, which allows a malicious remote to create arbitrary reactions on arbitrary posts
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.5.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.9.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.9.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"9.9.0"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-29977"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-08-02T13:30:23Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-01T15:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Mattermost versions 9.9.x \u003c= 9.9.0, 9.5.x \u003c= 9.5.6 fail to properly validate\u00a0synced reactions, when shared channels are enabled,\u00a0which allows a malicious remote to create arbitrary reactions on arbitrary posts",
"id": "GHSA-jq3g-xqpx-37x3",
"modified": "2024-11-18T16:26:57Z",
"published": "2024-08-01T15:32:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-29977"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2024-3030"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Mattermost failed to properly validate\u00a0synced reactions"
}
GHSA-JQ66-G5QG-W7WF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-01 21:31 – Updated: 2024-10-03 18:30A vulnerability in the legacy chat component of Mitel MiContact Center Business through 10.1.0.4 could allow an unauthenticated attacker to conduct an unauthorized access attack due to inadequate access control checks. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to access sensitive information and send unauthorized messages.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-42514"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-01T19:15:07Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the legacy chat component of Mitel MiContact Center Business through 10.1.0.4 could allow an unauthenticated attacker to conduct an unauthorized access attack due to inadequate access control checks. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to access sensitive information and send unauthorized messages.",
"id": "GHSA-jq66-g5qg-w7wf",
"modified": "2024-10-03T18:30:36Z",
"published": "2024-10-01T21:31:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42514"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mitel.com/-/media/mitel/file/pdf/support/security-advisories/security-bulletin_24-0024-001-v2.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mitel.com/support/security-advisories"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mitel.com/support/security-advisories/mitel-product-security-advisory-24-0024"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQ92-HHC7-45W7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-05 15:31 – Updated: 2025-06-05 15:31Improper access control in users MFA feature in Devolutions Server 2025.1.7.0 and earlier allows a user with user management permission to remove or change administrators MFA.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-5382"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-05T14:15:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper access control in users MFA feature in Devolutions Server 2025.1.7.0 and earlier allows a user with user management permission to remove or change administrators MFA.",
"id": "GHSA-jq92-hhc7-45w7",
"modified": "2025-06-05T15:31:33Z",
"published": "2025-06-05T15:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5382"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://devolutions.net/security/advisories/DEVO-2025-0011"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQFW-VQ24-V9C3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-09 20:54 – Updated: 2025-09-09 20:54Summary
Any HTML files on the machine were served regardless of the server.fs settings.
Impact
Only apps that match the following conditions are affected:
- explicitly exposes the Vite dev server to the network (using --host or server.host config option)
appType: 'spa'(default) orappType: 'mpa'is used
This vulnerability also affects the preview server. The preview server allowed HTML files not under the output directory to be served.
Details
The serveStaticMiddleware function is in charge of serving static files from the server. It returns the viteServeStaticMiddleware function which runs the needed tests and serves the page. The viteServeStaticMiddleware function checks if the extension of the requested file is ".html". If so, it doesn't serve the page. Instead, the server will go on to the next middlewares, in this case htmlFallbackMiddleware, and then to indexHtmlMiddleware. These middlewares don't perform any test against allow or deny rules, and they don't make sure that the accessed file is in the root directory of the server. They just find the file and send back its contents to the client.
PoC
Execute the following shell commands:
npm create vite@latest
cd vite-project/
echo "secret" > /tmp/secret.html
npm install
npm run dev
Then, in a different shell, run the following command:
curl -v --path-as-is 'http://localhost:5173/../../../../../../../../../../../tmp/secret.html'
The contents of /tmp/secret.html will be returned.
This will also work for HTML files that are in the root directory of the project, but are in the deny list (or not in the allow list). Test that by stopping the running server (CTRL+C), and running the following commands in the server's shell:
echo 'import path from "node:path"; import { defineConfig } from "vite"; export default defineConfig({server: {fs: {deny: [path.resolve(__dirname, "secret_files/*")]}}})' > [vite.config.js](http://vite.config.js)
mkdir secret_files
echo "secret txt" > secret_files/secret.txt
echo "secret html" > secret_files/secret.html
npm run dev
Then, in a different shell, run the following command:
curl -v --path-as-is 'http://localhost:5173/secret_files/secret.txt'
You will receive a 403 HTTP Response, because everything in the secret_files directory is denied.
Now in the same shell run the following command:
curl -v --path-as-is 'http://localhost:5173/secret_files/secret.html'
You will receive the contents of secret_files/secret.html.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.1.4"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "vite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.1.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.0.6"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "vite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.0.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.3.5"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "vite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.3.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.4.19"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "vite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.4.20"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-58752"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-23",
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-09T20:54:42Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-08T23:15:36Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Summary\nAny HTML files on the machine were served regardless of the `server.fs` settings.\n\n### Impact\n\nOnly apps that match the following conditions are affected:\n\n- explicitly exposes the Vite dev server to the network (using --host or [server.host config option](https://vitejs.dev/config/server-options.html#server-host))\n- `appType: \u0027spa\u0027` (default) or `appType: \u0027mpa\u0027` is used\n\nThis vulnerability also affects the preview server. The preview server allowed HTML files not under the output directory to be served.\n\n### Details\nThe [serveStaticMiddleware](https://github.com/vitejs/vite/blob/9719497adec4ad5ead21cafa19a324bb1d480194/packages/vite/src/node/server/middlewares/static.ts#L123) function is in charge of serving static files from the server. It returns the [viteServeStaticMiddleware](https://github.com/vitejs/vite/blob/9719497adec4ad5ead21cafa19a324bb1d480194/packages/vite/src/node/server/middlewares/static.ts#L136) function which runs the needed tests and serves the page. The viteServeStaticMiddleware function [checks if the extension of the requested file is \".html\"](https://github.com/vitejs/vite/blob/9719497adec4ad5ead21cafa19a324bb1d480194/packages/vite/src/node/server/middlewares/static.ts#L144). If so, it doesn\u0027t serve the page. Instead, the server will go on to the next middlewares, in this case [htmlFallbackMiddleware](https://github.com/vitejs/vite/blob/9719497adec4ad5ead21cafa19a324bb1d480194/packages/vite/src/node/server/middlewares/htmlFallback.ts#L14), and then to [indexHtmlMiddleware](https://github.com/vitejs/vite/blob/9719497adec4ad5ead21cafa19a324bb1d480194/packages/vite/src/node/server/middlewares/indexHtml.ts#L438). These middlewares don\u0027t perform any test against allow or deny rules, and they don\u0027t make sure that the accessed file is in the root directory of the server. They just find the file and send back its contents to the client.\n\n### PoC\nExecute the following shell commands:\n\n```\nnpm create vite@latest\ncd vite-project/\necho \"secret\" \u003e /tmp/secret.html\nnpm install\nnpm run dev\n```\n\nThen, in a different shell, run the following command:\n\n`curl -v --path-as-is \u0027http://localhost:5173/../../../../../../../../../../../tmp/secret.html\u0027`\n\nThe contents of /tmp/secret.html will be returned.\n\nThis will also work for HTML files that are in the root directory of the project, but are in the deny list (or not in the allow list). Test that by stopping the running server (CTRL+C), and running the following commands in the server\u0027s shell:\n\n```\necho \u0027import path from \"node:path\"; import { defineConfig } from \"vite\"; export default defineConfig({server: {fs: {deny: [path.resolve(__dirname, \"secret_files/*\")]}}})\u0027 \u003e [vite.config.js](http://vite.config.js)\nmkdir secret_files\necho \"secret txt\" \u003e secret_files/secret.txt\necho \"secret html\" \u003e secret_files/secret.html\nnpm run dev\n\n```\n\nThen, in a different shell, run the following command:\n\n`curl -v --path-as-is \u0027http://localhost:5173/secret_files/secret.txt\u0027`\n\nYou will receive a 403 HTTP Response,\u00a0 because everything in the secret_files directory is denied.\n\nNow in the same shell run the following command:\n\n`curl -v --path-as-is \u0027http://localhost:5173/secret_files/secret.html\u0027`\n\nYou will receive the contents of secret_files/secret.html.",
"id": "GHSA-jqfw-vq24-v9c3",
"modified": "2025-09-09T20:54:42Z",
"published": "2025-09-09T20:54:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vitejs/vite/security/advisories/GHSA-jqfw-vq24-v9c3"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58752"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vitejs/vite/commit/0ab19ea9fcb66f544328f442cf6e70f7c0528d5f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vitejs/vite/commit/14015d794f69accba68798bd0e15135bc51c9c1e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vitejs/vite/commit/482000f57f56fe6ff2e905305100cfe03043ddea"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vitejs/vite/commit/6f01ff4fe072bcfcd4e2a84811772b818cd51fe6"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/vitejs/vite"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vitejs/vite/blob/v7.1.5/packages/vite/CHANGELOG.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Vite\u0027s `server.fs` settings were not applied to HTML files"
}
GHSA-JQHF-VGH2-RGH2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-15 15:30 – Updated: 2026-05-15 21:31Medical Management System a81df1ce700a9662cb136b27af47f4cbde64156b is vulnerable to Insecure Permissions, which allows arbitrary user password reset.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-67437"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-15T15:16:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Medical Management System a81df1ce700a9662cb136b27af47f4cbde64156b is vulnerable to Insecure Permissions, which allows arbitrary user password reset.",
"id": "GHSA-jqhf-vgh2-rgh2",
"modified": "2026-05-15T21:31:31Z",
"published": "2026-05-15T15:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-67437"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wxhlcy/cve/issues/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/ljt12343/report/issues/IDB6P8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQJJ-9HC3-X3Q4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-19 18:31 – Updated: 2025-12-18 00:34The Axel Technology puma devices (firmware versions 0.8.5 to 1.0.3) are vulnerable to Broken Access Control due to missing authentication on the /cgi-bin/gstFcgi.fcgi endpoint. Unauthenticated remote attackers can list user accounts, create new administrative users, delete users, and modify system settings, leading to full compromise of the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-63221"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-19T16:15:48Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Axel Technology puma devices (firmware versions 0.8.5 to 1.0.3) are vulnerable to Broken Access Control due to missing authentication on the /cgi-bin/gstFcgi.fcgi endpoint. Unauthenticated remote attackers can list user accounts, create new administrative users, delete users, and modify system settings, leading to full compromise of the device.",
"id": "GHSA-jqjj-9hc3-x3q4",
"modified": "2025-12-18T00:34:05Z",
"published": "2025-11-19T18:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-63221"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shiky8/my--cve-vulnerability-research/tree/main/CVE-2025-63221_Axel%20Technology%20puma%20-%20Broken%20Access%20Control"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.axeltechnology.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.