CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
7803 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-P657-7739-2GRH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-10 00:30 – Updated: 2023-11-10 00:30When duplicating a BigBlueButton activity, the original meeting ID was also duplicated instead of using a new ID for the new activity. This could provide unintended access to the original meeting.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-5543"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-09T22:15:11Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "When duplicating a BigBlueButton activity, the original meeting ID was also duplicated instead of using a new ID for the new activity. This could provide unintended access to the original meeting.",
"id": "GHSA-p657-7739-2grh",
"modified": "2023-11-10T00:30:27Z",
"published": "2023-11-10T00:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5543"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2243442"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=451584"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://git.moodle.org/gw?p=moodle.git\u0026a=search\u0026h=HEAD\u0026st=commit\u0026s=MDL-77795"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P684-Q58J-RXCQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:48 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:48MediaWiki before 1.23.15, 1.26.x before 1.26.4, and 1.27.x before 1.27.1 allows remote authenticated users with undelete permissions to bypass intended suppressrevision and deleterevision restrictions and remove the revision deletion status of arbitrary file revisions by using Special:Undelete.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-6336"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-20T17:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "MediaWiki before 1.23.15, 1.26.x before 1.26.4, and 1.27.x before 1.27.1 allows remote authenticated users with undelete permissions to bypass intended suppressrevision and deleterevision restrictions and remove the revision deletion status of arbitrary file revisions by using Special:Undelete.",
"id": "GHSA-p684-q58j-rxcq",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:48:44Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:48:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6336"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1369613"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/mediawiki-announce/2016-August/000195.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T132926"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P689-3C5J-VCHP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-22 06:30 – Updated: 2024-05-22 06:30The AI ChatBot plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the openai_file_list_callback function in all versions up to, and including, 5.3.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to list files existing in a linked OpenAI account.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0451"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-22T04:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The AI ChatBot plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the openai_file_list_callback function in all versions up to, and including, 5.3.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to list files existing in a linked OpenAI account.",
"id": "GHSA-p689-3c5j-vchp",
"modified": "2024-05-22T06:30:38Z",
"published": "2024-05-22T06:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0451"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/chatbot/trunk/includes/openai/qcld-bot-openai.php#L175"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3089461/chatbot/trunk/includes/openai/qcld-bot-openai.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/1c0572a5-6cc9-43ab-a4a3-c8d3b93c8fcf?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P69W-F9WW-G922
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-13 18:30 – Updated: 2022-12-19 15:30A vulnerability has been identified in APOGEE PXC Series (BACnet) (All versions < V3.5.5), APOGEE PXC Series (P2 Ethernet) (All versions < V2.8.20), TALON TC Series (BACnet) (All versions < V3.5.5). A low privilege authenticated attacker with network access to the integrated web server could download sensitive information from the device containing user account credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-45937"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-13T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in APOGEE PXC Series (BACnet) (All versions \u003c V3.5.5), APOGEE PXC Series (P2 Ethernet) (All versions \u003c V2.8.20), TALON TC Series (BACnet) (All versions \u003c V3.5.5). A low privilege authenticated attacker with network access to the integrated web server could download sensitive information from the device containing user account credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-p69w-f9ww-g922",
"modified": "2022-12-19T15:30:29Z",
"published": "2022-12-13T18:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45937"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-180579.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P69W-MMFV-XRFJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 23:40 – Updated: 2026-05-26 23:40Pre-auth RCE in FUXA via Logic Bypass
Summary
A Critical vulnerability chain exists in FUXA (v.1.3.0-2706) that allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to achieve Full Remote Code Execution (RCE) as root. The exploit succeeds even when the platform is configured in its most secure state (Secure Mode Enabled and Node-RED Secure Auth Enabled).
Details The vulnerability is a Path Confusion flaw in the authentication middleware. The server uses a substring match on the full URL (including query parameters) to exclude certain paths from authentication.
Involved Logic:
JavaScript:
const url = req.originalUrl || req.url || req.path;
if (url.includes('/socket.io')) return next();
By appending ?x=/socket.io to any administrative request, the middleware is "tricked" into treating the request as a public WebSocket handshake, bypassing the secureEnabled and nodeRedAuthMode checks entirely.
Proof of Concept
A specially crafted request containing manipulated query parameters could bypass authentication checks on protected /nodered/* endpoints.
In configurations where Node-RED exposed privileged or command-execution capable nodes, this could lead to remote code execution within the container context.
Impact Access Level: Unauthenticated / Remote.
Privilege Level: Access to Node-RED administrative endpoints. Remote code execution may be possible depending on the Node-RED configuration and installed nodes.
CVSS 3.1 Score: High severity.
Description: An attacker can gain total control over the SCADA server, allowing them to intercept industrial data (MQTT/OPC-UA), manipulate PLC tags, or pivot into the internal OT network.
Root Cause & Remediation The root cause is the reliance on req.originalUrl for security-critical routing decisions.
The Fix: The developer must use req.path (which Express pre-parses to remove query strings) or a formal URL parser to ensure that the security check is performed only against the pathname.
JavaScript
// Secure approach
const pathname = req.path;
if (pathname.startsWith('/socket.io/')) return next();
This issue affects only setups where Node-RED is enabled.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@frangoteam/fuxa"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.2.11"
},
{
"fixed": "1.3.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-43945"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-288",
"CWE-863",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-26T23:40:42Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "**Pre-auth** RCE in FUXA via Logic Bypass\n\nSummary\n\nA Critical vulnerability chain exists in FUXA (v.1.3.0-2706) that allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to achieve Full Remote Code Execution (RCE) as root. The exploit succeeds even when the platform is configured in its most secure state (Secure Mode Enabled and Node-RED Secure Auth Enabled).\n\nDetails\nThe vulnerability is a Path Confusion flaw in the authentication middleware. The server uses a substring match on the full URL (including query parameters) to exclude certain paths from authentication.\n\nInvolved Logic:\n\nJavaScript:\n```\nconst url = req.originalUrl || req.url || req.path;\nif (url.includes(\u0027/socket.io\u0027)) return next();\nBy appending ?x=/socket.io to any administrative request, the middleware is \"tricked\" into treating the request as a public WebSocket handshake, bypassing the secureEnabled and nodeRedAuthMode checks entirely.\n```\n\nProof of Concept\n\nA specially crafted request containing manipulated query parameters could bypass authentication checks on protected /nodered/* endpoints.\n\nIn configurations where Node-RED exposed privileged or command-execution capable nodes, this could lead to remote code execution within the container context.\n\nImpact\nAccess Level: Unauthenticated / Remote.\n\nPrivilege Level: Access to Node-RED administrative endpoints. \nRemote code execution may be possible depending on the Node-RED configuration and installed nodes.\n\nCVSS 3.1 Score: High severity.\n\nDescription: An attacker can gain total control over the SCADA server, allowing them to intercept industrial data (MQTT/OPC-UA), manipulate PLC tags, or pivot into the internal OT network.\n\nRoot Cause \u0026 Remediation\nThe root cause is the reliance on req.originalUrl for security-critical routing decisions.\n\nThe Fix:\nThe developer must use req.path (which Express pre-parses to remove query strings) or a formal URL parser to ensure that the security check is performed only against the pathname.\n\n```\nJavaScript\n\n// Secure approach\nconst pathname = req.path; \nif (pathname.startsWith(\u0027/socket.io/\u0027)) return next();\n```\n\nThis issue affects only setups where Node-RED is enabled.",
"id": "GHSA-p69w-mmfv-xrfj",
"modified": "2026-05-26T23:40:42Z",
"published": "2026-05-26T23:40:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/frangoteam/FUXA/security/advisories/GHSA-p69w-mmfv-xrfj"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/frangoteam/FUXA"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/frangoteam/FUXA/releases/tag/v1.3.1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "FUXA Vulnerable to Pre-auth RCE via Path Manipulation \u0026 Configuration Injection"
}
GHSA-P6CR-3VWP-QGX2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-21 18:30 – Updated: 2022-12-28 21:30BigFix WebUI non-master operators are missing controls that prevent them from being able to modify the relevance of fixlets or to deploy fixlets from the BES Support external site.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-38655"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-21T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "BigFix WebUI non-master operators are missing controls that prevent them from being able to modify the relevance of fixlets or to deploy fixlets from the BES Support external site.",
"id": "GHSA-p6cr-3vwp-qgx2",
"modified": "2022-12-28T21:30:22Z",
"published": "2022-12-21T18:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38655"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hcltechsw.com/csm?id=kb_article\u0026sysparm_article=KB0102140"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P6GG-5HF4-4RGJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-07 18:23 – Updated: 2024-02-07 20:24Summary
Arbitrary classes can be loaded and instantiated using a HTTP PUT request to the /api/system/cluster_config/ endpoint.
Details
Graylog's cluster config system uses fully qualified class names as config keys. To validate the existence of the requested class before using them, Graylog loads the class using the class loader.
https://github.com/Graylog2/graylog2-server/blob/e458db8bf4f789d4d19f1b37f0263f910c8d036c/graylog2-server/src/main/java/org/graylog2/rest/resources/system/ClusterConfigResource.java#L208-L214
PoC
A request of the following form will output the content of the /etc/passwd file:
curl -u admin:<admin-password> -X PUT http://localhost:9000/api/system/cluster_config/java.io.File \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "X-Requested-By: poc" \
-d '"/etc/passwd"'
To perform the request, authorization is required. Only users posessing the clusterconfigentry:create and clusterconfigentry:edit permissions are allowed to do so. These permissions are usually only granted to Admin users.
Impact
If a user with the appropriate permissions performs the request, arbitrary classes with 1-arg String constructors can be instantiated.
This will execute arbitrary code that is run during class instantiation.
In the specific use case of java.io.File, the behaviour of the internal web-server stack will lead to information exposure by including the entire file content in the response to the REST request.
Credits
Analysis provided by Fabian Yamaguchi - Whirly Labs (Pty) Ltd
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.graylog2:graylog2-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.1.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.graylog2:graylog2-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.2.0-alpha.1"
},
{
"fixed": "5.2.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-24824"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-02-07T18:23:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-07T18:15:55Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nArbitrary classes can be loaded and instantiated using a HTTP PUT request to the `/api/system/cluster_config/` endpoint.\n\n### Details\n\nGraylog\u0027s cluster config system uses fully qualified class names as config keys. To validate the existence of the requested class before using them, Graylog loads the class using the class loader. \n\nhttps://github.com/Graylog2/graylog2-server/blob/e458db8bf4f789d4d19f1b37f0263f910c8d036c/graylog2-server/src/main/java/org/graylog2/rest/resources/system/ClusterConfigResource.java#L208-L214\n\n\n### PoC\nA request of the following form will output the content of the `/etc/passwd` file:\n\n```\ncurl -u admin:\u003cadmin-password\u003e -X PUT http://localhost:9000/api/system/cluster_config/java.io.File \\\n -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n -H \"X-Requested-By: poc\" \\\n -d \u0027\"/etc/passwd\"\u0027\n```\n\nTo perform the request, authorization is required. Only users posessing the `clusterconfigentry:create` and `clusterconfigentry:edit` permissions are allowed to do so. These permissions are usually only granted to `Admin` users.\n\n### Impact\n\nIf a user with the appropriate permissions performs the request, arbitrary classes with 1-arg String constructors can be instantiated. \n\nThis will execute arbitrary code that is run during class instantiation.\n\nIn the specific use case of `java.io.File`, the behaviour of the internal web-server stack will lead to information exposure by including the entire file content in the response to the REST request.\n\n### Credits\n\nAnalysis provided by Fabian Yamaguchi - Whirly Labs (Pty) Ltd",
"id": "GHSA-p6gg-5hf4-4rgj",
"modified": "2024-02-07T20:24:28Z",
"published": "2024-02-07T18:23:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Graylog2/graylog2-server/security/advisories/GHSA-p6gg-5hf4-4rgj"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-24824"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Graylog2/graylog2-server/commit/75ef2b8d60e7d67f859b79fe712c8ae7b2e861d8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Graylog2/graylog2-server/commit/7f8ef7fa8edf493106d5ef6f777d4da02c5194d9"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/Graylog2/graylog2-server"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Graylog2/graylog2-server/blob/e458db8bf4f789d4d19f1b37f0263f910c8d036c/graylog2-server/src/main/java/org/graylog2/rest/resources/system/ClusterConfigResource.java#L208-L214"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Graylog vulnerable to instantiation of arbitrary classes triggered by API request"
}
GHSA-P6GG-9438-R6RJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-13 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-23 18:30InHand Networks InRouter 302, prior to version IR302 V3.5.56, and InRouter 615, prior to version InRouter6XX-S-V2.3.0.r5542, contain vulnerability CWE-284: Improper Access Control. They allow unauthenticated devices to subscribe to MQTT topics on the same network as the device manager. An unauthorized user who knows of an existing topic name could send and receive messages to and from that topic. This includes the ability to send GET/SET configuration commands, reboot commands, and push firmware updates.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22600"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-12T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "InHand Networks InRouter 302, prior to version IR302 V3.5.56, and InRouter 615, prior to version InRouter6XX-S-V2.3.0.r5542, contain vulnerability CWE-284: Improper Access Control. They allow unauthenticated devices to subscribe to MQTT topics on the same network as the device manager. An unauthorized user who knows of an existing topic name could send and receive messages to and from that topic. This includes the ability to send GET/SET configuration commands, reboot commands, and push firmware updates.",
"id": "GHSA-p6gg-9438-r6rj",
"modified": "2023-01-23T18:30:18Z",
"published": "2023-01-13T00:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22600"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-23-012-03"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P6WV-4394-73P5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-07 06:35 – Updated: 2024-02-07 06:35An issue was discovered in the Windows Network Drive Connector when using Document Level Security to assign permissions to a file, with explicit allow write and deny read. Although the document is not accessible to the user in Network Drive it is visible in search applications to the user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-23447"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-07T04:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in the Windows Network Drive Connector when using Document Level Security to assign permissions to a file, with explicit allow write and deny read. Although the document is not accessible to the user in Network Drive it is visible in search applications to the user.",
"id": "GHSA-p6wv-4394-73p5",
"modified": "2024-02-07T06:35:21Z",
"published": "2024-02-07T06:35:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-23447"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://discuss.elastic.co/t/elastic-network-drive-connector-8-12-1-security-update-esa-2024-02/352687"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.elastic.co/community/security"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P6XG-JWP4-9FJ2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-21 19:01 – Updated: 2022-10-22 12:00Aethon TUG Home Base Server versions prior to version 24 are affected by un unauthenticated attacker who can freely access hashed user credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1066"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-21T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Aethon TUG Home Base Server versions prior to version 24 are affected by un unauthenticated attacker who can freely access hashed user credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-p6xg-jwp4-9fj2",
"modified": "2022-10-22T12:00:25Z",
"published": "2022-10-21T19:01:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1066"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-102-05"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.