CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
9696 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-WHCV-XQVH-4327
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-12 09:30 – Updated: 2023-05-12 09:30A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Lost and Found Information System 1.0. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file admin/?page=user/manage_user. The manipulation leads to improper access controls. The attack can be initiated remotely. VDB-228886 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2670"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-12T08:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Lost and Found Information System 1.0. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file admin/?page=user/manage_user. The manipulation leads to improper access controls. The attack can be initiated remotely. VDB-228886 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-whcv-xqvh-4327",
"modified": "2023-05-12T09:30:15Z",
"published": "2023-05-12T09:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2670"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tht1997/CVE_2023/blob/main/Lost%20and%20Found%20Information%20System/CVE-2023-2670.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.228886"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.228886"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WHFJ-P5R5-33PR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-12 06:30 – Updated: 2023-02-22 15:30Improper access control in Devolutions Server allows an authenticated user to access unauthorized sensitive data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0661"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-12T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper access control in Devolutions Server allows an authenticated user to access unauthorized sensitive data.",
"id": "GHSA-whfj-p5r5-33pr",
"modified": "2023-02-22T15:30:17Z",
"published": "2023-02-12T06:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0661"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://devolutions.net/security/advisories/DEVO-2023-0002"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WHFX-J73J-QGCW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-18 21:32 – Updated: 2026-08-18 21:32Vulnerability in the Oracle Identity Manager Connector product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.1.0. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via TLS to compromise Oracle Identity Manager Connector. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Identity Manager Connector. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-60992"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-18T21:16:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Identity Manager Connector product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.1.0. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via TLS to compromise Oracle Identity Manager Connector. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Identity Manager Connector. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-whfx-j73j-qgcw",
"modified": "2026-08-18T21:32:09Z",
"published": "2026-08-18T21:32:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60992"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspuaug2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WHGV-6J78-5RH2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-13 15:30 – Updated: 2023-12-13 19:22Silverpeas Core 6.3.1 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control. An attacker with low privileges is able to execute the administrator-only function of putting the application in "Maintenance Mode" due to broken access control. This makes the application unavailable to all users. This affects Silverpeas Core 6.3.1 and below.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.silverpeas.core:silverpeas-core-war"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.3.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.silverpeas.core:silverpeas-core-web"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.3.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-47320"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-12-13T19:22:00Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-13T14:15:44Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Silverpeas Core 6.3.1 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control. An attacker with low privileges is able to execute the administrator-only function of putting the application in \"Maintenance Mode\" due to broken access control. This makes the application unavailable to all users. This affects Silverpeas Core 6.3.1 and below.",
"id": "GHSA-whgv-6j78-5rh2",
"modified": "2023-12-13T19:22:00Z",
"published": "2023-12-13T15:30:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47320"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Silverpeas/Silverpeas-Core/commit/fcb4a9740b6c80859e435045b549290a82ae84a2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/RhinoSecurityLabs/CVEs/tree/master/CVE-2023-47320"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/Silverpeas/Silverpeas-Core"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://silverpeas.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Broken access control in Silverpeas"
}
GHSA-WHH9-V4WW-3V4C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-29 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:58Dell Common Event Enabler 8.9.8.2 for Windows and prior, contain an improper access control vulnerability. A local low-privileged malicious user may potentially exploit this vulnerability to gain elevated privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-32477"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-29T08:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "\nDell Common Event Enabler 8.9.8.2 for Windows and prior, contain an improper access control vulnerability. A local low-privileged malicious user may potentially exploit this vulnerability to gain elevated privileges.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-whh9-v4ww-3v4c",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:58:18Z",
"published": "2023-09-29T09:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32477"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000218120/dsa-2023-310-security-update-for-dell-emc-common-event-enabler"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WHMW-FF2Q-Q7FW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-18 21:32 – Updated: 2026-08-18 21:32Vulnerability in the Oracle Identity Manager Connector product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.1.0. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with access to the physical communication segment attached to the hardware where the Oracle Identity Manager Connector executes to compromise Oracle Identity Manager Connector. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Identity Manager Connector. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-60993"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-18T21:16:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Identity Manager Connector product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.1.0. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with access to the physical communication segment attached to the hardware where the Oracle Identity Manager Connector executes to compromise Oracle Identity Manager Connector. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Identity Manager Connector. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-whmw-ff2q-q7fw",
"modified": "2026-08-18T21:32:09Z",
"published": "2026-08-18T21:32:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60993"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspuaug2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WHP7-R8FH-F38C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-08 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-08 18:31NVIDIA Mellanox OS, ONYX, Skyway, MetroX-2 and MetroX-3 XC contain a vulnerability in the LDAP AAA component, where a user can cause improper access. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to information disclosure, data tampering, and escalation of privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0104"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-08T18:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "NVIDIA Mellanox OS, ONYX, Skyway, MetroX-2 and MetroX-3 XC contain a vulnerability in the LDAP AAA component, where a user can cause improper access. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to information disclosure, data tampering, and escalation of privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-whp7-r8fh-f38c",
"modified": "2024-08-08T18:31:20Z",
"published": "2024-08-08T18:31:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0104"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5559"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WHR8-W9QR-C6M2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31Vulnerability in the Oracle Retail Xstore Point of Service product of Oracle Retail Applications (component: Xstore Mobile). The supported version that is affected is 21.0.3. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle Retail Xstore Point of Service executes to compromise Oracle Retail Xstore Point of Service. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Retail Xstore Point of Service accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 3.3 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-21953"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Retail Xstore Point of Service product of Oracle Retail Applications (component: Xstore Mobile). The supported version that is affected is 21.0.3. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle Retail Xstore Point of Service executes to compromise Oracle Retail Xstore Point of Service. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Retail Xstore Point of Service accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 3.3 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-whr8-w9qr-c6m2",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:09Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:31:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-21953"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WHVH-WF3X-G77J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 23:12 – Updated: 2026-07-22 23:12The extension allowlist/blocklist check inside PyPIExtensionManager.install() was not enforced due to a missing await. For purposes of JupyterLab this was a secondary defense-in-depth check: install() was intended to enforce the allowlist/blocklist itself for any future uses and users calling this method directly (in addition to the separate check handling requests arriving through the HTTP API). The only runtime symptom was a RuntimeWarning: coroutine 'is_install_allowed' was never awaited.
This has security implications only for deployments that combine all of the following:
- a custom extension or downstream integration that imports PyPIExtensionManager and calls install() directly with a package name influenced by untrusted user input (the stock JupyterLab HTTP handler is not affected - it performs its own awaited allowlist check before calling install());
- an allowlist/blocklist configured with the intent of restricting which packages users can install;
- the (default) PyPI Extension Manager enabled; and
- kernels and terminals disabled or delegated to remote hosts, so that the custom extension's install() call is the only available package-install vector (otherwise a user with kernel access can install packages directly regardless of this check)
Impact
Low. No exposure for stock JupyterLab: the HTTP API and Extension Manager UI enforce the listing through a separate, correctly awaited check. The gap affected only custom extensions or downstream integrations that called the public install() method directly and relied on it to self-enforce.
Patches
JupyterLab v4.6.2 and v4.5.10 contain the patch.
Users of applications that depend on JupyterLab, such as Notebook v7+, should update jupyterlab package too.
Workarounds
No action is required for deployments that only expose extension management through the JupyterLab HTTP API / Extension Manager UI, as that path was already enforcing the listing via the handler's own check. Deployments wanting to disable programmatic extension installation entirely can switch to the read-only extension manager:
--LabApp.extension_manager=readonly
or the following traitlet:
c.LabApp.extension_manager = 'readonly'
You can confirm that the read-only manager is in use from GUI:
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.6.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "jupyterlab"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.6.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.6.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.5.9"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "jupyterlab"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.5.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-636"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-22T23:12:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "The extension allowlist/blocklist check inside `PyPIExtensionManager.install()` was not enforced due to a missing await. For purposes of JupyterLab this was a secondary defense-in-depth check: `install()` was intended to enforce the allowlist/blocklist itself for any future uses and users calling this method directly (in addition to the separate check handling requests arriving through the HTTP API). The only runtime symptom was a `RuntimeWarning: coroutine \u0027is_install_allowed\u0027 was never awaited.`\n\nThis has security implications only for deployments that combine all of the following:\n- a custom extension or downstream integration that imports `PyPIExtensionManager` and calls `install()` directly with a package name influenced by untrusted user input (the stock JupyterLab HTTP handler is not affected - it performs its own awaited allowlist check before calling `install()`);\n- an allowlist/blocklist configured with the intent of restricting which packages users can install;\n- the (default) PyPI Extension Manager enabled; and\n- kernels and terminals disabled or delegated to remote hosts, so that the custom extension\u0027s `install()` call is the only available package-install vector (otherwise a user with kernel access can install packages directly regardless of this check)\n\n### Impact\n\nLow. No exposure for stock JupyterLab: the HTTP API and Extension Manager UI enforce the listing through a separate, correctly awaited check. The gap affected only custom extensions or downstream integrations that called the public `install()` method directly and relied on it to self-enforce.\n\n### Patches\n\nJupyterLab [`v4.6.2`](https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/releases/tag/v4.6.2) and [`v4.5.10`](https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/releases/tag/v4.5.10) contain the patch.\n\nUsers of applications that depend on JupyterLab, such as Notebook v7+, should update `jupyterlab` package too.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nNo action is required for deployments that only expose extension management through the JupyterLab HTTP API / Extension Manager UI, as that path was already enforcing the listing via the handler\u0027s own check. Deployments wanting to disable programmatic extension installation entirely can switch to the read-only extension manager:\n\n```bash\n--LabApp.extension_manager=readonly\n```\n\nor the following traitlet:\n\n```python\nc.LabApp.extension_manager = \u0027readonly\u0027\n```\n\nYou can confirm that the read-only manager is in use from GUI:\n\n\u003cimg width=\"293\" height=\"293\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/8016c809-633e-4ed0-a5bc-6bc4793caa0f\" /\u003e",
"id": "GHSA-whvh-wf3x-g77j",
"modified": "2026-07-22T23:12:22Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T23:12:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/security/advisories/GHSA-whvh-wf3x-g77j"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/pull/19184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/pull/19185"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/pull/19186"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/commit/be9303f5bcd5308eaeae953c5a3c903046682c2c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/commit/f1beab4a2027af4719d6edc07d52d6cf5a39a432"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/releases/tag/v4.5.10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/releases/tag/v4.6.2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "JupyterLab: Allowlist/blocklist check in `PyPIExtensionManager.install()` not enforced for direct callers (missing `await`)"
}
GHSA-WHVW-59JF-HRX9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-06 09:31 – Updated: 2024-02-06 09:31Dell Encryption, Dell Endpoint Security Suite Enterprise, and Dell Security Management Server versions prior to 11.9.0 contain privilege escalation vulnerability due to improper ACL of the non-default installation directory. A local malicious user could potentially exploit this vulnerability by replacing binaries in installed directory and taking reverse shell of the system leading to Privilege Escalation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-32479"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-06T08:15:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "\nDell Encryption, Dell Endpoint Security Suite Enterprise, and Dell Security Management Server versions prior to 11.9.0 contain privilege escalation vulnerability due to improper ACL of the non-default installation directory. A local malicious user could potentially exploit this vulnerability by replacing binaries in installed directory and taking reverse shell of the system leading to Privilege Escalation.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-whvw-59jf-hrx9",
"modified": "2024-02-06T09:31:38Z",
"published": "2024-02-06T09:31:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32479"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000215881/dsa-2023-260"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.