Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

6004 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-24J9-X2WG-9QV6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-09 21:31 – Updated: 2026-05-20 02:14
VLAI
Summary
Apache Tomcat: CLIENT_CERT authentication does not fail as expected
Details

CLIENT_CERT authentication does not fail as expected for some scenarios when soft fail is disabled and FFM is used in Apache Tomcat.

This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M14 through 11.0.20, from 10.1.22 through 10.1.53, from 9.0.92 through 9.0.116.

Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.21, 10.1.54 or 9.0.117, which fixes the issue.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote-ffm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.92"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.117"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote-ffm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.1.22"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.1.54"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote-ffm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "11.0.0-M14"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "11.0.21"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-34500"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-10T21:38:56Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-09T20:16:25Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "CLIENT_CERT authentication does not fail as expected for some scenarios when soft fail is disabled and FFM is used in Apache Tomcat.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M14 through 11.0.20, from 10.1.22 through 10.1.53, from 9.0.92 through 9.0.116.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.21, 10.1.54 or 9.0.117, which fixes the issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-24j9-x2wg-9qv6",
  "modified": "2026-05-20T02:14:27Z",
  "published": "2026-04-09T21:31:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34500"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/29b56a56ce9e7d044b6162a99af0f38529b3a208"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/c13e60e732ea6d07087293a41ad1866c20848271"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/ff589ab26e8250a2ca4286d986305318c033ff9f"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/7rcl4zdxryc8hy3htyfyxkbqpxjtfdl2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tomcat.apache.org/security-10.html#Fixed_in_Apache_Tomcat_10.1.54"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tomcat.apache.org/security-11.html#Fixed_in_Apache_Tomcat_11.0.21"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tomcat.apache.org/security-9.html#Fixed_in_Apache_Tomcat_9.0.117"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/09/29"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Apache Tomcat: CLIENT_CERT authentication does not fail as expected"
}

GHSA-24PR-8GGP-H88C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-12 06:33 – Updated: 2026-06-12 06:33
VLAI
Details

Improper authentication checks in the OAuth implementation allow account hijacking even when OAuth is not configured or enabled leading to unauthorized access in default installations.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-48611"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-12T04:17:08Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Improper authentication checks in the OAuth implementation allow account hijacking even when OAuth is not configured or enabled leading to unauthorized access in default installations.",
  "id": "GHSA-24pr-8ggp-h88c",
  "modified": "2026-06-12T06:33:20Z",
  "published": "2026-06-12T06:33:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-48611"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.phpbb.com/community/viewtopic.php?t=2672170"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-24VM-48R8-7JQ6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-03 12:30 – Updated: 2025-03-03 12:30
VLAI
Details

While processing the authentication message in UE, improper authentication may lead to information disclosure.

Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-38426"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-03T11:15:11Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "While processing the authentication message in UE, improper authentication may lead to information disclosure.",
  "id": "GHSA-24vm-48r8-7jq6",
  "modified": "2025-03-03T12:30:32Z",
  "published": "2025-03-03T12:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38426"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/march-2025-bulletin.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-24WP-35X7-5HX9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:51 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:51
VLAI
Details

The servlets invoked by httpha-invoker in JBoss Enterprise Application Platform before 5.1.2, SOA Platform before 5.2.0, BRMS Platform before 5.3.0, and Portal Platform before 4.3 CP07 perform access control only for the GET and POST methods, which allow remote attackers to bypass authentication by sending a request with a different method. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of a CVE-2010-0738 regression.

Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2011-4085"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2012-11-23T20:55:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The servlets invoked by httpha-invoker in JBoss Enterprise Application Platform before 5.1.2, SOA Platform before 5.2.0, BRMS Platform before 5.3.0, and Portal Platform before 4.3 CP07 perform access control only for the GET and POST methods, which allow remote attackers to bypass authentication by sending a request with a different method.  NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of a CVE-2010-0738 regression.",
  "id": "GHSA-24wp-35x7-5hx9",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T04:51:12Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T04:51:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-4085"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=750422"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2011-1456.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2011-1798.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2011-1799.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2011-1800.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2011-1805.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2011-1822.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2012-0091.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2012-1028.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/47169"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/47866"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-259R-2FR5-87C3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-08 21:30 – Updated: 2024-02-12 15:30
VLAI
Details

An issue in Daily Habit Tracker v.1.0 allows a remote attacker to manipulate trackers via the home.php, add-tracker.php, delete-tracker.php, update-tracker.php components.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-24496"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-08T21:15:08Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An issue in Daily Habit Tracker v.1.0 allows a remote attacker to manipulate trackers via the home.php, add-tracker.php, delete-tracker.php, update-tracker.php components.",
  "id": "GHSA-259r-2fr5-87c3",
  "modified": "2024-02-12T15:30:22Z",
  "published": "2024-02-08T21:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-24496"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/0xQRx/VunerabilityResearch/blob/master/2024/DailyHabitTracker-Broken_Access_Control.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-25G7-4HX6-524H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01
VLAI
Details

Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by authentication bypass. This affects CBR40 before 2.5.0.24, CBR750 before 4.6.3.6, RBR852 before 3.2.17.12, RBR850 before 3.2.17.12, and RBS850 before 3.2.17.12.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-45504"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by authentication bypass. This affects CBR40 before 2.5.0.24, CBR750 before 4.6.3.6, RBR852 before 3.2.17.12, RBR850 before 3.2.17.12, and RBS850 before 3.2.17.12.",
  "id": "GHSA-25g7-4hx6-524h",
  "modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:50Z",
  "published": "2021-12-27T00:01:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45504"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064128/Security-Advisory-for-Authentication-Bypass-on-Some-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2020-0475"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-25GX-X37C-7PPH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 19:17 – Updated: 2026-03-30 13:43
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw's andbox browser noVNC observer lacked VNC authentication
Details

The sandbox browser entrypoint launched x11vnc without authentication (-nopw) for noVNC observer sessions.

OpenClaw-managed runtime flow publishes the noVNC port to host loopback only (127.0.0.1), so default exposure is local to the host unless operators explicitly expose the port more broadly (or run the image standalone with broad port publishing).

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: docker/openclaw
  • Affected: <= 2026.2.19-2
  • Patched: >= 2026.2.21

Technical details

  • scripts/sandbox-browser-entrypoint.sh used x11vnc ... -nopw for noVNC observer flow.
  • websockify exposed noVNC for the container listener.
  • OpenClaw runtime (src/agents/sandbox/browser.ts) already mapped host publish to loopback, but observer auth was missing.

Fix

  • Require VNC password auth in the sandbox browser entrypoint (x11vnc -rfbauth), replacing -nopw.
  • Generate per-container noVNC password in runtime and inject OPENCLAW_BROWSER_NOVNC_PASSWORD.
  • Emit short-lived noVNC observer token URLs instead of sharing raw noVNC passwords in shared URLs.
  • Keep loopback-only host port publish and bump sandbox browser security hash epoch.
  • Add security audit findings for sandbox browser containers that publish ports on non-loopback interfaces.

Operational note: rebuild the sandbox browser image and recreate browser containers so existing containers pick up the fix.

Fix Commit(s)

  • 621d8e1312482f122f18c43c72c67211b141da01
  • 8c1518f0f3e0533593cd2dec3a46c9b746753661

Release Process Note

Patched version is pre-set to the planned next release (2026.2.21). After npm release, this advisory can be published without further field edits.

OpenClaw thanks @TerminalsandCoffee for reporting.

Severity
7.7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
8.5 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.2.21"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-32064"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-03T19:17:48Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The sandbox browser entrypoint launched `x11vnc` without authentication (`-nopw`) for noVNC observer sessions.\n\nOpenClaw-managed runtime flow publishes the noVNC port to host loopback only (`127.0.0.1`), so default exposure is local to the host unless operators explicitly expose the port more broadly (or run the image standalone with broad port publishing).\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `docker/openclaw`\n- Affected: `\u003c= 2026.2.19-2`\n- Patched: `\u003e= 2026.2.21`\n\n## Technical details\n\n- `scripts/sandbox-browser-entrypoint.sh` used `x11vnc ... -nopw` for noVNC observer flow.\n- `websockify` exposed noVNC for the container listener.\n- OpenClaw runtime (`src/agents/sandbox/browser.ts`) already mapped host publish to loopback, but observer auth was missing.\n\n## Fix\n\n- Require VNC password auth in the sandbox browser entrypoint (`x11vnc -rfbauth`), replacing `-nopw`.\n- Generate per-container noVNC password in runtime and inject `OPENCLAW_BROWSER_NOVNC_PASSWORD`.\n- Emit short-lived noVNC observer token URLs instead of sharing raw noVNC passwords in shared URLs.\n- Keep loopback-only host port publish and bump sandbox browser security hash epoch.\n- Add security audit findings for sandbox browser containers that publish ports on non-loopback interfaces.\n\nOperational note: rebuild the sandbox browser image and recreate browser containers so existing containers pick up the fix.\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n\n- `621d8e1312482f122f18c43c72c67211b141da01`\n- `8c1518f0f3e0533593cd2dec3a46c9b746753661`\n\n## Release Process Note\n\nPatched version is pre-set to the planned next release (`2026.2.21`). After npm release, this advisory can be published without further field edits.\n\nOpenClaw thanks @TerminalsandCoffee for reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-25gx-x37c-7pph",
  "modified": "2026-03-30T13:43:24Z",
  "published": "2026-03-03T19:17:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-25gx-x37c-7pph"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32064"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/621d8e1312482f122f18c43c72c67211b141da01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/8c1518f0f3e0533593cd2dec3a46c9b746753661"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-missing-vnc-authentication-in-sandbox-browser-novnc-observer"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw\u0027s andbox browser noVNC observer lacked VNC authentication"
}

GHSA-25H8-G2F4-5MWJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-25 18:32 – Updated: 2024-09-25 12:30
VLAI
Details

Missing authentication in the SearchStudentsStaff method in IDAttend’s IDWeb application 3.1.052 and earlier allows extraction sensitive student and teacher data by unauthenticated attackers.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-26575"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-25T18:17:25Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Missing authentication in the SearchStudentsStaff  method in IDAttend\u2019s IDWeb application 3.1.052 and earlier allows extraction sensitive student and teacher data by unauthenticated attackers. ",
  "id": "GHSA-25h8-g2f4-5mwj",
  "modified": "2024-09-25T12:30:39Z",
  "published": "2023-10-25T18:32:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26575"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.themissinglink.com.au/security-advisories/cve-2023-26575"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-25HW-5MQ3-GFWX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:36
VLAI
Details

In the Macally WIFISD2-2A82 Media and Travel Router 2.000.010, the Guest user is able to reset its own password. This process has a vulnerability which can be used to take over the administrator account and results in shell access. As the admin user may read the /etc/shadow file, the password hashes of each user (including root) can be dumped. The root hash can be cracked easily which results in a complete system compromise.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-29669"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-12-14T02:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Macally WIFISD2-2A82 Media and Travel Router 2.000.010, the Guest user is able to reset its own password. This process has a vulnerability which can be used to take over the administrator account and results in shell access. As the admin user may read the /etc/shadow file, the password hashes of each user (including root) can be dumped. The root hash can be cracked easily which results in a complete system compromise.",
  "id": "GHSA-25hw-5mq3-gfwx",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:36:20Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:36:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-29669"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PpiRhhfph8U_0KAoIp0AnwY3mVtp-R-g/view"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/S1lkys/CVE-2020-29669"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/160478/Macally-WIFISD2-2A82-2.000.010-Privilege-Escalation.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-25MM-W8QR-QM89

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:32 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:32
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability has been identified in SICLOCK TC100 (All versions) and SICLOCK TC400 (All versions). An attacker with network access to the device could potentially circumvent the authentication mechanism if he/she is able to obtain certain knowledge specific to the attacked device.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-4852"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-07-03T14:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SICLOCK TC100 (All versions) and SICLOCK TC400 (All versions). An attacker with network access to the device could potentially circumvent the authentication mechanism if he/she is able to obtain certain knowledge specific to the attacked device.",
  "id": "GHSA-25mm-w8qr-qm89",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:32:14Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:32:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-4852"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-197012.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104672"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.

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