Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

5966 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-4V47-7GRV-98M6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:22 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:22
VLAI
Details

The Horde_Ldap library before 2.0.6 for Horde allows remote attackers to bypass authentication by leveraging knowledge of the LDAP bind user DN.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2014-3999"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-04-10T15:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Horde_Ldap library before 2.0.6 for Horde allows remote attackers to bypass authentication by leveraging knowledge of the LDAP bind user DN.",
  "id": "GHSA-4v47-7grv-98m6",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T03:22:54Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:22:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-3999"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/horde/horde/commit/4c3e18f1724ab39bfef10c189a5b52036a744d55"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1109628"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://marc.info/?l=horde-announce\u0026m=140178644816474\u0026w=2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2014/06/14/1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/68014"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4V4Q-53H2-R6MJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:39 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:39
VLAI
Details

In SOOIL Developments Co., Ltd Diabecare RS, AnyDana-i and AnyDana-A, a client-side control vulnerability in the insulin pump and its AnyDana-i and AnyDana-A mobile applications allows physically proximate attackers to bypass user authentication checks via Bluetooth Low Energy.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-27266"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-01-19T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In SOOIL Developments Co., Ltd Diabecare RS, AnyDana-i and AnyDana-A, a client-side control vulnerability in the insulin pump and its AnyDana-i and AnyDana-A mobile applications allows physically proximate attackers to bypass user authentication checks via Bluetooth Low Energy.",
  "id": "GHSA-4v4q-53h2-r6mj",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:39:27Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:39:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-27266"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsma-21-012-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-4V8W-428C-CM63

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 06:15 – Updated: 2022-05-02 06:15
VLAI
Details

Session fixation vulnerability in WikyBlog 1.7.3 rc2 allows remote attackers to hijack web sessions by setting the jsessionid parameter to (1) index.php/Comment/Main, (2) index.php/Comment/Main/Home_Wiky, or (3) index.php/Edit/Main.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2010-0756"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2010-02-27T00:30:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Session fixation vulnerability in WikyBlog 1.7.3 rc2 allows remote attackers to hijack web sessions by setting the jsessionid parameter to (1) index.php/Comment/Main, (2) index.php/Comment/Main/Home_Wiky, or (3) index.php/Edit/Main.",
  "id": "GHSA-4v8w-428c-cm63",
  "modified": "2022-05-02T06:15:24Z",
  "published": "2022-05-02T06:15:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-0756"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/56594"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.org/1002-exploits/wikyblog-rfishellxss.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/11560"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/38386"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-4V96-M8XV-X83V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:28 – Updated: 2025-02-12 21:53
VLAI
Summary
Broken Authentication in Atlassian Connect Express
Details

Broken Authentication in Atlassian Connect Express (ACE) from version 3.0.2 before version 6.6.0: Atlassian Connect Express is a Node.js package for building Atlassian Connect apps. Authentication between Atlassian products and the Atlassian Connect Express app occurs with a server-to-server JWT or a context JWT. Atlassian Connect Express versions between 3.0.2 - 6.5.0 erroneously accept context JWTs in lifecycle endpoints (such as installation) where only server-to-server JWTs should be accepted, permitting an attacker to send authenticated re-installation events to an app.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "atlassian-connect-express"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.2"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.6.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-26073"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-02-12T21:53:02Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-04-16T03:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Broken Authentication in Atlassian Connect Express (ACE) from version 3.0.2 before version 6.6.0: Atlassian Connect Express is a Node.js package for building Atlassian Connect apps. Authentication between Atlassian products and the Atlassian Connect Express app occurs with a server-to-server JWT or a context JWT. Atlassian Connect Express versions between 3.0.2 - 6.5.0 erroneously accept context JWTs in lifecycle endpoints (such as installation) where only server-to-server JWTs should be accepted, permitting an attacker to send authenticated re-installation events to an app.",
  "id": "GHSA-4v96-m8xv-x83v",
  "modified": "2025-02-12T21:53:02Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T22:28:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26073"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://community.developer.atlassian.com/t/action-required-atlassian-connect-vulnerability-a%5B%E2%80%A6%5Dypass-of-app-qsh-verification-via-context-jwts/47072"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://confluence.atlassian.com/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=1051986099"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210604-0004"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "http://bitbucket.org/atlassian/atlassian-connect-express"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Broken Authentication in Atlassian Connect Express"
}

GHSA-4VGC-3WHG-978W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-13 18:30 – Updated: 2026-06-13 18:30
VLAI
Details

Nefteprodukttekhnika BUK TS-G Gas Station Automation System 2.9.1 through 2.10.2 on Linux contains an Improper Authentication vulnerability (CWE-287) in the system configuration module. The /php/ajax-login.php endpoint returns userid=1 (administrator) in response to any HTTP POST request that supplies arbitrary credentials (e.g., action=dologin&login=&pwd=), and subsequent privileged endpoints under /php/ajax-main.php and /modules/* do not validate a server-side session. A remote unauthenticated attacker can invoke any administrative action exposed by the configuration module, including reading and modifying user rules, fuel tank gauges, fuel dispensers, relays, cash registers, bank terminals, fuel cards, price and customer displays, cash collection, and pricing rules.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-12183"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-13T18:16:22Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Nefteprodukttekhnika BUK TS-G Gas Station Automation System 2.9.1 through 2.10.2 on Linux contains an Improper Authentication vulnerability (CWE-287) in the system configuration module. The /php/ajax-login.php endpoint returns userid=1 (administrator) in response to any HTTP POST request that supplies arbitrary credentials (e.g., action=dologin\u0026login=\u003cany_value\u003e\u0026pwd=\u003cany_value\u003e), and subsequent privileged endpoints under /php/ajax-main.php and /modules/* do not validate a server-side session. A remote unauthenticated attacker can invoke any administrative action exposed by the configuration module, including reading and modifying user rules, fuel tank gauges, fuel dispensers, relays, cash registers, bank terminals, fuel cards, price and customer displays, cash collection, and pricing rules.",
  "id": "GHSA-4vgc-3whg-978w",
  "modified": "2026-06-13T18:30:24Z",
  "published": "2026-06-13T18:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-12183"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bukts.ru/repo-bukts-current"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/287.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/306.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ciprobe/bukts_auth_bypass"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4VJ3-9QJV-52HQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:14 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:14
VLAI
Details

The identifier_hash for a session token in Atlassian Crowd before version 2.9.1 could potentially collide with an identifier_hash for another user or a user in a different directory, this allows remote attackers who can authenticate to Crowd or an application using Crowd for authentication to gain access to another user's session provided they can make their identifier hash collide with another user's session identifier hash.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-18106"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-03-29T14:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The identifier_hash for a session token in Atlassian Crowd before version 2.9.1 could potentially collide with an identifier_hash for another user or a user in a different directory, this allows remote attackers who can authenticate to Crowd or an application using Crowd for authentication to gain access to another user\u0027s session provided they can make their identifier hash collide with another user\u0027s session identifier hash.",
  "id": "GHSA-4vj3-9qjv-52hq",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T01:14:30Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:14:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-18106"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/CWD-5061"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4VQM-WCG3-R4CM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-24 18:30 – Updated: 2025-02-05 18:34
VLAI
Details

Improper Authentication vulnerability in Elementor Elementor Website Builder allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Elementor Website Builder: from n/a through 3.16.4.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-47504"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-24T16:15:07Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper Authentication vulnerability in Elementor Elementor Website Builder allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Elementor Website Builder: from n/a through 3.16.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-4vqm-wcg3-r4cm",
  "modified": "2025-02-05T18:34:38Z",
  "published": "2024-04-24T18:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47504"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/elementor/wordpress-elementor-plugin-3-16-4-contributor-arbitrary-attachment-read-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4VRC-Q7M6-VQ7W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-10 12:01 – Updated: 2023-04-13 17:58
VLAI
Summary
Lin CMS vulnerable to Improper Authentication
Details

An authentication bypass in Lin-CMS v0.2.1 allows attackers to escalate privileges to Super Administrator.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "Lin-CMS"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "0.2.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.github.talelin:lin-cms-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "0.2.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-44244"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-11-22T00:18:48Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-09T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An authentication bypass in Lin-CMS v0.2.1 allows attackers to escalate privileges to Super Administrator.",
  "id": "GHSA-4vrc-q7m6-vq7w",
  "modified": "2023-04-13T17:58:05Z",
  "published": "2022-11-10T12:01:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-44244"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/cai-niao98/58c97899695488bd73a73d56adf44c4c"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/TaleLin/lin-cms-flask"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cai-niao98/lin-cms"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Lin CMS vulnerable to Improper Authentication"
}

GHSA-4VRG-C54F-C5M9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:46 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:46
VLAI
Details

The lookup_cb_cred function in fs/nfsd/nfs4callback.c in the nfsd4 subsystem in the Linux kernel before 2.6.31.2 attempts to access a credentials cache even when a client specifies the AUTH_NULL authentication flavor, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and system crash) via an NFSv4 mount request.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2009-3623"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2009-10-30T20:30:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The lookup_cb_cred function in fs/nfsd/nfs4callback.c in the nfsd4 subsystem in the Linux kernel before 2.6.31.2 attempts to access a credentials cache even when a client specifies the AUTH_NULL authentication flavor, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and system crash) via an NFSv4 mount request.",
  "id": "GHSA-4vrg-c54f-c5m9",
  "modified": "2022-05-02T03:46:57Z",
  "published": "2022-05-02T03:46:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-3623"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2009-3623"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=530269"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=80fc015bdfe1f5b870c1e1ee02d78e709523fee7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=886e3b7fe6054230c89ae078a09565ed183ecc73"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=commit;h=80fc015bdfe1f5b870c1e1ee02d78e709523fee7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=commit;h=886e3b7fe6054230c89ae078a09565ed183ecc73"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://marc.info/?l=oss-security\u0026m=125618753029631\u0026w=2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://marc.info/?l=oss-security\u0026m=125624036516377\u0026w=2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/ChangeLog-2.6.31.2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/testing/ChangeLog-2.6.32-rc1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-864-1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-4VWJ-X32H-M4VJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-25 18:30 – Updated: 2024-02-08 15:30
VLAI
Details

An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in overt-engine. This flaw allows the creation of users in the system without authentication due to a flaw in the CreateUserSession command.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-0822"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1390",
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-25T16:15:08Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in overt-engine. This flaw allows the creation of users in the system without authentication due to a flaw in the CreateUserSession command.",
  "id": "GHSA-4vwj-x32h-m4vj",
  "modified": "2024-02-08T15:30:26Z",
  "published": "2024-01-25T18:30:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0822"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/oVirt/ovirt-engine/pull/914"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-0822"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2258509"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.