CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5964 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-53M3-JVJQ-85XQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:20 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:20The time-based one-time-password (TOTP) function in the application logic of the Green Electronics RainMachine Mini-8 (2nd generation) uses the administrator's password hash to generate a 6-digit temporary passcode that can be used for remote and local access, aka a "Use of Password Hash Instead of Password for Authentication" issue. This is exploitable by an attacker who discovers a hash value in the rainmachine-settings.sqlite file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-6011"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-11-01T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The time-based one-time-password (TOTP) function in the application logic of the Green Electronics RainMachine Mini-8 (2nd generation) uses the administrator\u0027s password hash to generate a 6-digit temporary passcode that can be used for remote and local access, aka a \"Use of Password Hash Instead of Password for Authentication\" issue. This is exploitable by an attacker who discovers a hash value in the rainmachine-settings.sqlite file.",
"id": "GHSA-53m3-jvjq-85xq",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:20:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:20:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-6011"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.irongeek.com/i.php?page=videos/bsidesrdu2018/bsidesrdu-2018-07-when-it-rains-it-pours-sam-granger"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-53MC-7VX2-CM58
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-02 21:30 – Updated: 2026-06-02 21:30The ARMember Premium plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to an insecure password reset mechanism in all versions up to, and including, 7.3.1. The plugin stores a plaintext copy of the password reset key in the arm_reset_password_key user meta field when a user requests a password reset. This is in addition to the hashed key that WordPress core stores securely in wp_users.user_activation_key. The plaintext key stored in wp_usermeta can be used with the plugin's custom armrp reset action to set a new password for any user. Combined with another vulnerability such as SQL Injection (CVE-2026-5073, CVE-2026-5074), this makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to extract the plaintext reset key and take over any user account, including administrators.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5076"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-02T20:16:40Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The ARMember Premium plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to an insecure password reset mechanism in all versions up to, and including, 7.3.1. The plugin stores a plaintext copy of the password reset key in the `arm_reset_password_key` user meta field when a user requests a password reset. This is in addition to the hashed key that WordPress core stores securely in `wp_users.user_activation_key`. The plaintext key stored in `wp_usermeta` can be used with the plugin\u0027s custom `armrp` reset action to set a new password for any user. Combined with another vulnerability such as SQL Injection (CVE-2026-5073, CVE-2026-5074), this makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to extract the plaintext reset key and take over any user account, including administrators.",
"id": "GHSA-53mc-7vx2-cm58",
"modified": "2026-06-02T21:30:43Z",
"published": "2026-06-02T21:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5076"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://codecanyon.net/item/armember-complete-wordpress-membership-system/17785056"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/6b15eca5-fd47-4f8f-8ade-3a90e0bfc110?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-53P6-CV4F-Q9F5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:31 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:31Joomla! 2.5.x before 2.5.25, 3.x before 3.2.4, and 3.3.x before 3.3.4 allows remote attackers to authenticate and bypass intended access restrictions via vectors involving LDAP authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-6632"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-10-08T19:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Joomla! 2.5.x before 2.5.25, 3.x before 3.2.4, and 3.3.x before 3.3.4 allows remote attackers to authenticate and bypass intended access restrictions via vectors involving LDAP authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-53p6-cv4f-q9f5",
"modified": "2022-05-17T04:31:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:31:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-6632"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://developer.joomla.org/security/594-20140902-core-unauthorised-logins.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/61606"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/61638"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-53V4-42FG-G287
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-28 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 16:47Once an user is authenticated on Jolokia, he can potentially trigger arbitrary code execution.
In details, in ActiveMQ configurations, jetty allows org.jolokia.http.AgentServlet to handler request to /api/jolokia
org.jolokia.http.HttpRequestHandler#handlePostRequest is able to create JmxRequest through JSONObject. And calls to org.jolokia.http.HttpRequestHandler#executeRequest.
Into deeper calling stacks, org.jolokia.handler.ExecHandler#doHandleRequest is able to invoke through refection.
And then, RCE is able to be achieved via jdk.management.jfr.FlightRecorderMXBeanImpl which exists on Java version above 11.
1 Call newRecording.
2 Call setConfiguration. And a webshell data hides in it.
3 Call startRecording.
4 Call copyTo method. The webshell will be written to a .jsp file.
The mitigation is to restrict (by default) the actions authorized on Jolokia, or disable Jolokia. A more restrictive Jolokia configuration has been defined in default ActiveMQ distribution. We encourage users to upgrade to ActiveMQ distributions version including updated Jolokia configuration: 5.16.6, 5.17.4, 5.18.0, 6.0.0.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.activemq:apache-activemq"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.16.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.activemq:apache-activemq"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.17.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.17.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-41678"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-11-28T23:28:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-28T16:15:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Once an user is authenticated on Jolokia, he can potentially trigger arbitrary code execution.\u00a0\n\nIn details, in ActiveMQ configurations, jetty allows org.jolokia.http.AgentServlet to handler request to /api/jolokia\n\norg.jolokia.http.HttpRequestHandler#handlePostRequest is able to create JmxRequest through JSONObject. And calls to org.jolokia.http.HttpRequestHandler#executeRequest.\n\nInto deeper calling stacks, org.jolokia.handler.ExecHandler#doHandleRequest is able to invoke through refection.\n\nAnd then, RCE is able to be achieved via jdk.management.jfr.FlightRecorderMXBeanImpl which exists on Java version above 11.\n\n1 Call newRecording.\n\n2 Call setConfiguration. And a webshell data hides in it.\n\n3 Call startRecording.\n\n4 Call copyTo method. The webshell will be written to a .jsp file.\n\nThe mitigation is to restrict (by default) the actions authorized on Jolokia, or disable Jolokia.\nA more restrictive Jolokia configuration has been defined in default ActiveMQ distribution. We encourage users to upgrade to ActiveMQ distributions version including updated Jolokia configuration: 5.16.6, 5.17.4, 5.18.0, 6.0.0.",
"id": "GHSA-53v4-42fg-g287",
"modified": "2025-11-04T16:47:34Z",
"published": "2023-11-28T18:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41678"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/activemq/pull/958"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/activemq/commit/5c8d457d9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/activemq/commit/6120169e563b55323352431dfe9ac67a8b4de6c2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/activemq/commit/bf65929fd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/activemq/commit/d8ce1d9ff"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://activemq.apache.org/security-advisories.data/CVE-2022-41678-announcement.txt"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/activemq"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/7g17kwbtjl011mm4tr8bn1vnoq9wh4sl"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/10/msg00027.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240216-0004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/11/28/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/11/28/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache ActiveMQ Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability"
}
GHSA-53V9-44M6-4QM5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:40 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:40Johnson & Johnson Animas OneTouch Ping devices mishandle acknowledgements, which makes it easier for remote attackers to bypass authentication via a custom communication protocol.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-5686"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-10-05T10:59:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Johnson \u0026 Johnson Animas OneTouch Ping devices mishandle acknowledgements, which makes it easier for remote attackers to bypass authentication via a custom communication protocol.",
"id": "GHSA-53v9-44m6-4qm5",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:40:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:40:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-5686"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.rapid7.com/community/infosec/blog/2016/10/04/r7-2016-07-multiple-vulnerabilities-in-animas-onetouch-ping-insulin-pump"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/884840"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/BLUU-A9SQRS"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93351"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-542G-M3FX-Q86F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-12 12:31 – Updated: 2026-06-16 15:33An authentication bypass vulnerability exists in the OAuth2 TokenIntrospectionService in Apache CXF. Due to a missing 'throw' keyword in the security context check, the introspection endpoint (/services/oauth2/introspect) can be accessed by any unauthenticated network attacker. However note that this is a safeguard only in the case that someone forgot to enable authentication on the service. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.2.2 or 4.1.7, which fixes this issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-50623"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-12T10:16:22Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An authentication bypass vulnerability exists in the OAuth2 TokenIntrospectionService in Apache CXF.\u00a0Due to a missing \u0027throw\u0027 keyword in the security context check, the introspection endpoint (/services/oauth2/introspect) can be accessed by any unauthenticated network attacker. However note that this is a safeguard only in the case that someone forgot to enable authentication on the service.\u00a0Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.2.2 or 4.1.7, which fixes this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-542g-m3fx-q86f",
"modified": "2026-06-16T15:33:43Z",
"published": "2026-06-12T12:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-50623"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/ydzj8m5mqmjy13xgyj9mkk9hfff63qq7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/06/11/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-542X-JXRC-HW4X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-14 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-21 00:00** DISPUTED ** An issue was discovered in OpenSSH before 8.9. If a client is using public-key authentication with agent forwarding but without -oLogLevel=verbose, and an attacker has silently modified the server to support the None authentication option, then the user cannot determine whether FIDO authentication is going to confirm that the user wishes to connect to that server, or that the user wishes to allow that server to connect to a different server on the user's behalf. NOTE: the vendor's position is "this is not an authentication bypass, since nothing is being bypassed."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-36368"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-13T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "** DISPUTED ** An issue was discovered in OpenSSH before 8.9. If a client is using public-key authentication with agent forwarding but without -oLogLevel=verbose, and an attacker has silently modified the server to support the None authentication option, then the user cannot determine whether FIDO authentication is going to confirm that the user wishes to connect to that server, or that the user wishes to allow that server to connect to a different server on the user\u0027s behalf. NOTE: the vendor\u0027s position is \"this is not an authentication bypass, since nothing is being bypassed.\"",
"id": "GHSA-542x-jxrc-hw4x",
"modified": "2022-03-21T00:00:22Z",
"published": "2022-03-14T00:00:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36368"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable/pull/258"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mindrot.org/show_bug.cgi?id=3316"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.ssh-mitm.at/trivialauth.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2021-36368"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openssh.com/security.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5432-C996-HVHJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:17 – Updated: 2024-11-19 18:33Zope Object Database (ZODB) before 3.8.2, when certain Zope Enterprise Objects (ZEO) database sharing is enabled, allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via vectors involving the ZEO network protocol.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "ZODB3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.8.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-0669"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-01T19:46:18Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2009-08-07T19:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Zope Object Database (ZODB) before 3.8.2, when certain Zope Enterprise Objects (ZEO) database sharing is enabled, allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via vectors involving the ZEO network protocol.",
"id": "GHSA-5432-c996-hvhj",
"modified": "2024-11-19T18:33:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:17:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-0669"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/52379"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/zodb3/PYSEC-2009-9.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/zopefoundation/ZODB3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://mail.zope.org/pipermail/zope-announce/2009-August/002220.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://pypi.python.org/pypi/ZODB3/3.8.2#whats-new-in-zodb-3-8-2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Zope Object Database (ZODB) Authentication bypass in ZEO storage servers"
}
GHSA-5438-XRX8-Q93J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-23 09:33 – Updated: 2024-10-23 09:33The ProfilePress Pro plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass in all versions up to, and including, 4.11.1. This is due to insufficient verification on the user being returned by the social login token. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to log in as any existing user on the site, such as an administrator, if they have access to the email and the user does not have an already-existing account for the service returning the token.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-9947"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-276",
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-23T07:15:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The ProfilePress Pro plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass in all versions up to, and including, 4.11.1. This is due to insufficient verification on the user being returned by the social login token. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to log in as any existing user on the site, such as an administrator, if they have access to the email and the user does not have an already-existing account for the service returning the token.",
"id": "GHSA-5438-xrx8-q93j",
"modified": "2024-10-23T09:33:12Z",
"published": "2024-10-23T09:33:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9947"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://profilepress.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/61b477c3-88b7-45a4-9fc4-6bca6f7c3604?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-544Q-3WWF-W964
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:46 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:46On Wireless IP Camera (P2P) WIFICAM devices, an attacker can use the RTSP server on port 10554/tcp to watch the streaming without authentication via tcp/av0_1 or tcp/av0_0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-8223"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-25T20:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "On Wireless IP Camera (P2P) WIFICAM devices, an attacker can use the RTSP server on port 10554/tcp to watch the streaming without authentication via tcp/av0_1 or tcp/av0_0.",
"id": "GHSA-544q-3wwf-w964",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:46:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:46:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-8223"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2017-03-08-camera-goahead-0day.html#pre-auth-info-leak-goahead"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2017/Mar/23"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.