Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

5964 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-55F2-F95R-Q833

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-24 21:31 – Updated: 2024-10-24 21:31
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in Okta Verify for iOS versions 9.25.1 (beta) and 9.27.0 (including beta) allows push notification responses through the iOS ContextExtension feature allowing the authentication to proceed regardless of the user’s selection. When a user long-presses the notification banner and selects an option, both options allow the authentication to succeed. The ContextExtension feature is one of several push mechanisms available when using Okta Verify Push on iOS devices. The vulnerable flows include: * When a user is presented with a notification on a locked screen, the user presses on the notification directly and selects their reply without unlocking the device; * When a user is presented with a notification on the home screen and drags the notification down and selects their reply; * When an Apple Watch is used to reply directly to a notification.

A pre-condition for this vulnerability is that the user must have enrolled in Okta Verify while the Okta customer was using Okta Classic. This applies irrespective of whether the organization has since upgraded to Okta Identity Engine.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-10327"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-24T21:15:11Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in Okta Verify for iOS versions 9.25.1 (beta) and 9.27.0 (including beta) allows push notification responses through the iOS ContextExtension feature allowing the authentication to proceed regardless of the user\u2019s selection. When a user long-presses the notification banner and selects an option, both options allow the authentication to succeed. \nThe ContextExtension feature is one of several push mechanisms available when using Okta Verify Push on iOS devices. The vulnerable flows include: \n* When a user is presented with a notification on a locked screen, the user presses on the notification directly and selects their reply without unlocking the device; \n* When a user is presented with a notification on the home screen and drags the notification down and selects their reply; \n* When an Apple Watch is used to reply directly to a notification. \n\n A pre-condition for this vulnerability is that the user must have enrolled in Okta Verify while the Okta customer was using Okta Classic. This applies irrespective of whether the organization has since upgraded to Okta Identity Engine.",
  "id": "GHSA-55f2-f95r-q833",
  "modified": "2024-10-24T21:31:03Z",
  "published": "2024-10-24T21:31:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10327"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://help.okta.com/en-us/content/topics/releasenotes/okta-verify-release-notes.htm#panel2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://trust.okta.com/security-advisories/okta-verify-for-ios-cve-2024-10327"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-55G6-RMP8-F2FQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-06 15:34 – Updated: 2025-03-07 18:31
VLAI
Details

An issue in TAAGSOLUTIONS GmbH MyTaag v.2024-11-24 and before allows a physically proximate attacker to escalate privileges via the "2fa_authorized" Local Storage key

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-25451"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-06T15:15:17Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue in TAAGSOLUTIONS GmbH MyTaag v.2024-11-24 and before allows a physically proximate attacker to escalate privileges via the \"2fa_authorized\" Local Storage key",
  "id": "GHSA-55g6-rmp8-f2fq",
  "modified": "2025-03-07T18:31:04Z",
  "published": "2025-03-06T15:34:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25451"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://piuswalter.de/blog/2fa-bypass-and-deactivation-attack-in-mytaag"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-55H8-8G96-X4HJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-24 21:50 – Updated: 2026-03-27 22:10
VLAI
Summary
NATS: Leafnode connections allow spoofing of Nats-Request-Info identity headers
Details

Background

NATS.io is a high performance open source pub-sub distributed communication technology, built for the cloud, on-premise, IoT, and edge computing.

The nats-server allows hub/spoke topologies using "leafnode" connections by other nats-servers. NATS messages can have headers.

Problem Description

The nats-server offers a Nats-Request-Info: message header, providing information about a request. This is supposed to provide enough information to allow for account/user identification, such that NATS clients could make their own decisions on how to trust a message, provided that they trust the nats-server as a broker.

A leafnode connecting to a nats-server is not fully trusted unless the system account is bridged too. Thus identity claims should not have propagated unchecked.

Thus NATS clients relying upon the Nats-Request-Info: header could be spoofed.

Does not directly affect the nats-server itself, but the CVSS Confidentiality and Integrity scores are based upon what a hypothetical client might choose to do with this NATS header.

Affected Versions

Any version before v2.12.6 or v2.11.15

Workarounds

None.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/nats-io/nats-server/v2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.11.15"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/nats-io/nats-server/v2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.12.0-RC.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.12.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/nats-io/nats-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-33246"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-24T21:50:25Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-25T20:16:33Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Background\n\nNATS.io is a high performance open source pub-sub distributed communication technology, built for the cloud, on-premise, IoT, and edge computing.\n\nThe nats-server allows hub/spoke topologies using \"leafnode\" connections by other nats-servers.  NATS messages can have headers.\n\n### Problem Description\n\nThe nats-server offers a `Nats-Request-Info:` message header, providing information about a request.  This is supposed to provide enough information to allow for account/user identification, such that NATS clients could make their own decisions on how to trust a message, provided that they trust the nats-server as a broker.\n\nA leafnode connecting to a nats-server is not fully trusted unless the system account is bridged too.  Thus identity claims should not have propagated unchecked.\n\nThus NATS clients relying upon the Nats-Request-Info: header could be spoofed.\n\nDoes not directly affect the nats-server itself, but the CVSS Confidentiality and Integrity scores are based upon what a hypothetical client might choose to do with this NATS header.\n\n### Affected Versions\n\nAny version before v2.12.6 or v2.11.15\n\n### Workarounds\n\nNone.",
  "id": "GHSA-55h8-8g96-x4hj",
  "modified": "2026-03-27T22:10:07Z",
  "published": "2026-03-24T21:50:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nats-io/nats-server/security/advisories/GHSA-55h8-8g96-x4hj"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33246"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://advisories.nats.io/CVE/secnote-2026-08.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nats-io/nats-server"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "NATS: Leafnode connections allow spoofing of Nats-Request-Info identity headers"
}

GHSA-55JW-G3Q6-JFP4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-29 00:30 – Updated: 2022-12-02 18:30
VLAI
Details

This update resolves a multi-factor authentication bypass attack

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-38753"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-28T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "This update resolves a multi-factor authentication bypass attack",
  "id": "GHSA-55jw-g3q6-jfp4",
  "modified": "2022-12-02T18:30:29Z",
  "published": "2022-11-29T00:30:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38753"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.netiq.com/documentation/advanced-authentication-63/advanced-authentication-releasenotes-6341/data/advanced-authentication-releasenotes-6341.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.netiq.com/documentation/advanced-authentication-64/advanced-authentication-releasenotes-641/data/advanced-authentication-releasenotes-641.html#t4g4mvd1yivo"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-55PC-C7F5-9CXC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-02 00:30 – Updated: 2023-10-02 00:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was found in SATO CL4NX-J Plus 1.13.2-u455_r2. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the component WebConfig. The manipulation leads to improper authentication. The attack needs to be done within the local network. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-241027.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-5326"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-01T23:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in SATO CL4NX-J Plus 1.13.2-u455_r2. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the component WebConfig. The manipulation leads to improper authentication. The attack needs to be done within the local network. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-241027.",
  "id": "GHSA-55pc-c7f5-9cxc",
  "modified": "2023-10-02T00:30:14Z",
  "published": "2023-10-02T00:30:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5326"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/CV3TR4CK/CV3Cyb3R/blob/main/2023/SATO%20CL4NX-J%20Plus/README.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.241027"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.241027"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-55V6-PPR3-Q8JR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:29 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:29
VLAI
Details

MicroNews allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain administrative privileges via a direct request to admin.php.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-0377"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2008-01-22T20:00:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "MicroNews allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain administrative privileges via a direct request to admin.php.",
  "id": "GHSA-55v6-ppr3-q8jr",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T23:29:44Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T23:29:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-0377"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/39702"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/3556"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/486349/100/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/27288"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-55WF-38CW-5F72

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:10 – Updated: 2023-12-28 21:30
VLAI
Details

Microsoft Azure Active Directory Connect Authentication Bypass Vulnerability

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-36949"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-08-12T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Microsoft Azure Active Directory Connect Authentication Bypass Vulnerability",
  "id": "GHSA-55wf-38cw-5f72",
  "modified": "2023-12-28T21:30:29Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:10:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36949"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-36949"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5626-PW9C-HMJR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-31 18:04 – Updated: 2024-02-08 16:30
VLAI
Summary
OctoPrint Unverified Password Change via Access Control Settings
Details

Impact

OctoPrint versions up until and including 1.9.3 contain a vulnerability that allows malicious admins to change the password of other admin accounts, including their own, without having to repeat their password.

An attacker who managed to hijack an admin account might use this to lock out actual admins from their OctoPrint instance.

Patches

The vulnerability will be patched in version 1.10.0.

Workarounds

OctoPrint administrators are strongly advised to thoroughly vet who has admin access to their installation.

Credits

This vulnerability was discovered and responsibly disclosed to OctoPrint by Timothy "TK" Ruppert.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.9.3"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "OctoPrint"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.10.0rc1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-23637"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-620"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-31T18:04:48Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-31T18:15:49Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nOctoPrint versions up until and including 1.9.3 contain a vulnerability that allows malicious admins to change the password of other admin accounts, including their own, without having to repeat their password.\n\nAn attacker who managed to hijack an admin account might use this to lock out actual admins from their OctoPrint instance.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe vulnerability will be patched in version 1.10.0.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nOctoPrint administrators are strongly advised to thoroughly vet who has admin access to their installation.\n\n### Credits\n\nThis vulnerability was discovered and responsibly disclosed to OctoPrint by Timothy \"TK\" Ruppert.\n",
  "id": "GHSA-5626-pw9c-hmjr",
  "modified": "2024-02-08T16:30:05Z",
  "published": "2024-01-31T18:04:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OctoPrint/OctoPrint/security/advisories/GHSA-5626-pw9c-hmjr"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-23637"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OctoPrint/OctoPrint/commit/1729d167b4ae4a5835bbc7211b92c6828b1c4125"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/OctoPrint/OctoPrint"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OctoPrint/OctoPrint/releases/tag/1.10.0rc1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/octoprint/PYSEC-2024-29.yaml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OctoPrint Unverified Password Change via Access Control Settings"
}

GHSA-565W-QHX8-388R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:53 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:53
VLAI
Details

MiniCMS 1.10 allows file deletion via /mc-admin/post.php?state=delete&delete= because the authentication check occurs too late.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-18891"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-11-01T01:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "MiniCMS 1.10 allows file deletion via /mc-admin/post.php?state=delete\u0026delete= because the authentication check occurs too late.",
  "id": "GHSA-565w-qhx8-388r",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T01:53:44Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:53:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-18891"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/AvaterXXX/MiniCms/blob/master/Authentication%20and%20Information%20Exposure.md#authentication-vulnerability"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.patec.cn/newsshow.php?cid=24\u0026id=135"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5688-W7CJ-J738

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-11 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-13 21:31
VLAI
Details

vulnerability in Drupal Commerce guest registration allows . This issue affects Commerce guest registration versions: ..

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-15089"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-10T23:16:47Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "vulnerability in Drupal Commerce guest registration allows . This issue affects Commerce guest registration versions: *.*.",
  "id": "GHSA-5688-w7cj-j738",
  "modified": "2026-07-13T21:31:19Z",
  "published": "2026-07-11T00:31:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-15089"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.drupal.org/sa-contrib-2026-079"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.