CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5957 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-5C74-RC32-QC6J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:33 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:33admin/index.php in PHP iCalendar 2.3.4, 2.24, and earlier does not require administrative authentication for an addupdate action, which allows remote attackers to upload a calendar (aka .ics) file with arbitrary content to the calendars/ directory outside the web root.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-5967"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-01-26T20:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "admin/index.php in PHP iCalendar 2.3.4, 2.24, and earlier does not require administrative authentication for an addupdate action, which allows remote attackers to upload a calendar (aka .ics) file with arbitrary content to the calendars/ directory outside the web root.",
"id": "GHSA-5c74-rc32-qc6j",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:33:00Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:33:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-5967"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/48323"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/6519"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/31944"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-5C83-88F2-Q34H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-08 09:31 – Updated: 2024-12-09 15:31Vulnerability of improper authentication in the Iaware module. Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability will affect availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-52540"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-08T09:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability of improper authentication in the Iaware module.\nImpact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability will affect availability.",
"id": "GHSA-5c83-88f2-q34h",
"modified": "2024-12-09T15:31:32Z",
"published": "2024-04-08T09:31:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52540"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2024/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://device.harmonyos.com/en/docs/security/update/security-bulletins-202403-0000001667644725"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5CH9-XC8V-9JW8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:35 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:35A security vulnerability has been identified in the HPE Edgeline Infrastructure Manager, also known as HPE Edgeline Infrastructure Management Software. The vulnerability could be remotely exploited to bypass remote authentication leading to execution of arbitrary commands, gaining privileged access, causing denial of service, and changing the configuration.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-7199"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-02T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability has been identified in the HPE Edgeline Infrastructure Manager, also known as HPE Edgeline Infrastructure Management Software. The vulnerability could be remotely exploited to bypass remote authentication leading to execution of arbitrary commands, gaining privileged access, causing denial of service, and changing the configuration.",
"id": "GHSA-5ch9-xc8v-9jw8",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:35:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:35:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-7199"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=emr_na-hpesbgn04063en_us"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-5CJM-783Q-FC7H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:58 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:58The telnetd service in FreeBSD 9.3, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, and 11.0 allows remote attackers to inject arguments to login and bypass authentication via vectors involving a "sequence of memory allocation failures."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-1888"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-02-15T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The telnetd service in FreeBSD 9.3, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, and 11.0 allows remote attackers to inject arguments to login and bypass authentication via vectors involving a \"sequence of memory allocation failures.\"",
"id": "GHSA-5cjm-783q-fc7h",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:58:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:58:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1888"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-16:36.telnetd.asc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037399"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5CM5-J6JQ-FFJQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:42 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:42Ice Cold Apps Servers Ultimate 6.0.2(12) does not require authentication for TELNET, SSH, or FTP, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading PHP scripts.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-7465"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-10-05T06:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Ice Cold Apps Servers Ultimate 6.0.2(12) does not require authentication for TELNET, SSH, or FTP, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading PHP scripts.",
"id": "GHSA-5cm5-j6jq-ffjq",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:42:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:42:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-7465"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vapid.dhs.org/advisories/ultimate-server-android-vulns.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vapidlabs.com/advisory.php?v=108"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5CMP-HG8H-M2F5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:29 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:40HOME SPOT CUBE2 firmware V101 and earlier allows an attacker to bypass authentication to load malicious firmware via WebUI.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-2186"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-07-07T13:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "HOME SPOT CUBE2 firmware V101 and earlier allows an attacker to bypass authentication to load malicious firmware via WebUI.",
"id": "GHSA-5cmp-hg8h-m2f5",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:40:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:29:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2186"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.au.com/information/notice_mobile/update/update-20170612-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN24348065/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/99282"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5CQJ-32FQ-VGJ6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-26 09:30 – Updated: 2024-11-26 09:30An image with a version lower than the fuse version may potentially be booted lead to improper authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-11952"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-26T09:15:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An image with a version lower than the fuse version may potentially be booted lead to improper authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-5cqj-32fq-vgj6",
"modified": "2024-11-26T09:30:50Z",
"published": "2024-11-26T09:30:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11952"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/may-2018-bulletin.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5CV7-H7GR-WJGH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-13 21:32 – Updated: 2026-05-13 21:32An Editor can overwrite a dashboard not owned by them to acquire admin on that specific dashboard. The user must have write access to the dashboard to escalate privilege.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-33377"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T20:16:20Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An Editor can overwrite a dashboard not owned by them to acquire admin on that specific dashboard. The user must have write access to the dashboard to escalate privilege.",
"id": "GHSA-5cv7-h7gr-wjgh",
"modified": "2026-05-13T21:32:06Z",
"published": "2026-05-13T21:32:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33377"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://grafana.com/security/security-advisories/cve-2026-33377"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5CWM-XW7V-FMP2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-13 18:30 – Updated: 2023-11-13 18:30Improper access control vulnerability in SmsController prior to SMR Nov-2023 Release1 allows attacker to bypass restrictions on starting activities from the background.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-42531"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-07T08:15:15Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Improper access control vulnerability in SmsController prior to SMR Nov-2023 Release1 allows attacker to bypass restrictions on starting activities from the background.",
"id": "GHSA-5cwm-xw7v-fmp2",
"modified": "2023-11-13T18:30:59Z",
"published": "2023-11-13T18:30:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42531"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb?year=2023\u0026month=11"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5CX5-WH4M-82FH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-19 17:56 – Updated: 2026-03-27 21:57Impact
What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted?
A JWT algorithm confusion vulnerability in MinIO's OpenID Connect authentication allows an attacker who knows the OIDC ClientSecret to forge arbitrary identity tokens and obtain S3 credentials with any policy, including consoleAdmin.
An attacker with knowledge of the OIDC ClientSecret can:
- Impersonate any user identity
- Obtain S3 credentials with any IAM policy, including
consoleAdmin - Access, modify, or delete any data in the MinIO deployment
The attack is deterministic (100% success rate, no race conditions).
Attack Prerequisites
The attacker must know the OIDC ClientSecret. While this is a shared credential (not a private key), it is more accessible than commonly assumed:
- CVE-2023-28432 previously leaked environment variables including
MINIO_IDENTITY_OPENID_CLIENT_SECRET - Client secrets are often present in frontend OAuth configurations, mobile app bundles, CI/CD pipelines, and shared configuration files
- In many organizations, the client secret is accessible to operators and engineers who should not be able to forge arbitrary identities
Affected Versions
All MinIO releases from RELEASE.2022-11-08T05-27-07Z through the final release of the minio/minio open-source project.
Patches
Fixed in: MinIO AIStor RELEASE.2026-03-17T21-25-16Z
Downloads
Binary Downloads
| Platform | Architecture | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Linux | amd64 | minio |
| Linux | arm64 | minio |
| macOS | arm64 | minio |
| macOS | amd64 | minio |
| Windows | amd64 | minio.exe |
FIPS Binaries
| Platform | Architecture | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Linux | amd64 | minio.fips |
| Linux | arm64 | minio.fips |
Package Downloads
| Format | Architecture | Download |
|---|---|---|
| DEB | amd64 | minio_20260317212516.0.0_amd64.deb |
| DEB | arm64 | minio_20260317212516.0.0_arm64.deb |
| RPM | amd64 | minio-20260317212516.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm |
| RPM | arm64 | minio-20260317212516.0.0-1.aarch64.rpm |
Container Images
# Standard
docker pull quay.io/minio/aistor/minio:RELEASE.2026-03-17T21-25-16Z
podman pull quay.io/minio/aistor/minio:RELEASE.2026-03-17T21-25-16Z
# FIPS
docker pull quay.io/minio/aistor/minio:RELEASE.2026-03-17T21-25-16Z.fips
podman pull quay.io/minio/aistor/minio:RELEASE.2026-03-17T21-25-16Z.fips
Homebrew (macOS)
brew install minio/aistor/minio
Workarounds
- Users of the open-source
minio/minioproject should upgrade to MinIO AIStorRELEASE.2026-03-17T21-25-16Zor later. - As a workaround, ensure that the OIDC
ClientSecretis treated as a highly sensitive credential and is not exposed to untrusted parties.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/minio/minio"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.0.0-20260212201848-7aac2a2c5b7c"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-33322"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-327"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-19T17:56:37Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-24T20:16:27Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Impact\n_What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted?_\n\nA JWT algorithm confusion vulnerability in MinIO\u0027s OpenID Connect authentication allows an attacker who knows the OIDC `ClientSecret` to forge arbitrary identity tokens and obtain S3 credentials with any policy, including `consoleAdmin`.\n\nAn attacker with knowledge of the OIDC `ClientSecret` can:\n\n- Impersonate any user identity\n- Obtain S3 credentials with any IAM policy, including `consoleAdmin`\n- Access, modify, or delete any data in the MinIO deployment\n\nThe attack is deterministic (100% success rate, no race conditions).\n\n#### Attack Prerequisites\n\nThe attacker must know the OIDC `ClientSecret`. While this is a shared credential (not a private key), it is more accessible than commonly assumed:\n\n- CVE-2023-28432 previously leaked environment variables including `MINIO_IDENTITY_OPENID_CLIENT_SECRET`\n- Client secrets are often present in frontend OAuth configurations, mobile app bundles, CI/CD pipelines, and shared configuration files\n- In many organizations, the client secret is accessible to operators and engineers who should not be able to forge arbitrary identities\n\n\n#### Affected Versions\n\nAll MinIO releases from `RELEASE.2022-11-08T05-27-07Z` through the final release of the `minio/minio` open-source project.\n\n### Patches\n\n**Fixed in:** MinIO AIStor `RELEASE.2026-03-17T21-25-16Z`\n\n## Downloads\n\n### Binary Downloads\n\n| Platform | Architecture | Download |\n| -------- | ------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Linux | amd64 | [minio](https://dl.min.io/aistor/minio/release/linux-amd64/minio) |\n| Linux | arm64 | [minio](https://dl.min.io/aistor/minio/release/linux-arm64/minio) |\n| macOS | arm64 | [minio](https://dl.min.io/aistor/minio/release/darwin-arm64/minio) |\n| macOS | amd64 | [minio](https://dl.min.io/aistor/minio/release/darwin-amd64/minio) |\n| Windows | amd64 | [minio.exe](https://dl.min.io/aistor/minio/release/windows-amd64/minio.exe) |\n\n### FIPS Binaries\n\n| Platform | Architecture | Download |\n| -------- | ------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Linux | amd64 | [minio.fips](https://dl.min.io/aistor/minio/release/linux-amd64/minio.fips) |\n| Linux | arm64 | [minio.fips](https://dl.min.io/aistor/minio/release/linux-arm64/minio.fips) |\n\n### Package Downloads\n\n| Format | Architecture | Download |\n| ------ | ------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| DEB | amd64 | [minio_20260317212516.0.0_amd64.deb](https://dl.min.io/aistor/minio/release/linux-amd64/minio_20260317212516.0.0_amd64.deb) |\n| DEB | arm64 | [minio_20260317212516.0.0_arm64.deb](https://dl.min.io/aistor/minio/release/linux-arm64/minio_20260317212516.0.0_arm64.deb) |\n| RPM | amd64 | [minio-20260317212516.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm](https://dl.min.io/aistor/minio/release/linux-amd64/minio-20260317212516.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm) |\n| RPM | arm64 | [minio-20260317212516.0.0-1.aarch64.rpm](https://dl.min.io/aistor/minio/release/linux-arm64/minio-20260317212516.0.0-1.aarch64.rpm) |\n\n### Container Images\n\n```bash\n# Standard\ndocker pull quay.io/minio/aistor/minio:RELEASE.2026-03-17T21-25-16Z\npodman pull quay.io/minio/aistor/minio:RELEASE.2026-03-17T21-25-16Z\n\n# FIPS\ndocker pull quay.io/minio/aistor/minio:RELEASE.2026-03-17T21-25-16Z.fips\npodman pull quay.io/minio/aistor/minio:RELEASE.2026-03-17T21-25-16Z.fips\n```\n\n### Homebrew (macOS)\n\n```bash\nbrew install minio/aistor/minio\n```\n\n### Workarounds\n\n- [Users of the open-source `minio/minio` project should upgrade to MinIO AIStor `RELEASE.2026-03-17T21-25-16Z` or later.](https://docs.min.io/enterprise/aistor-object-store/upgrade-aistor-server/community-edition/)\n- As a workaround, ensure that the OIDC `ClientSecret` is treated as a highly sensitive credential and is not exposed to untrusted parties.",
"id": "GHSA-5cx5-wh4m-82fh",
"modified": "2026-03-27T21:57:21Z",
"published": "2026-03-19T17:56:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/minio/minio/security/advisories/GHSA-5cx5-wh4m-82fh"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33322"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/minio/minio"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "MinIO has JWT Algorithm Confusion in OIDC Authentication"
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.