Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

5944 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-5W8Q-6CMQ-6GCP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:37 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:51
VLAI
Details

WebUpgrade in Netsweeper before 3.1.10, 4.0.x before 4.0.9, and 4.1.x before 4.1.2 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and create a system backup tarball, restart the server, or stop the filters on the server via a ' (single quote) character in the login and password parameters to webupgrade/webupgrade.php. NOTE: this was originally reported as an SQL injection vulnerability, but this may be inaccurate.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2014-9605"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2015-09-04T15:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "WebUpgrade in Netsweeper before 3.1.10, 4.0.x before 4.0.9, and 4.1.x before 4.1.2 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and create a system backup tarball, restart the server, or stop the filters on the server via a \u0027 (single quote) character in the login and password parameters to webupgrade/webupgrade.php.  NOTE: this was originally reported as an SQL injection vulnerability, but this may be inaccurate.",
  "id": "GHSA-5w8q-6cmq-6gcp",
  "modified": "2025-04-12T12:51:36Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:37:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-9605"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpdesk.netsweeper.com/docs/3.1/release_notes/netsweeper_releasenotes/3_1_10_0_release_notes/3.1.10_release_notes.htm"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpdesk.netsweeper.com/docs/4.0/release_notes/netsweeper_releasenotes/4_0_9_release_notes/4.0.9_release_notes.htm"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpdesk.netsweeper.com/docs/4.1/release_notes/netsweeper_releasenotes/4_1_release_notes/4_1_2_release_notes/4.1.2_release_notes.htm"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/37928"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-5W8R-8PGJ-5JMF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-30 22:46 – Updated: 2022-11-01 13:24
VLAI
Summary
matrix-js-sdk subject to user impersonation due to key/device identifier confusion in SAS verification
Details

Impact

An attacker cooperating with a malicious homeserver could interfere with the verification flow between two users, injecting its own cross-signing user identity in place of one of the users’ identities, leading to the other device trusting/verifying the user identity under the control of the homeserver instead of the intended one.

The vulnerability is a bug in the matrix-js-sdk, caused by checking and signing user identities and devices in two separate steps, and inadequately fixing the keys to be signed between those steps.

Even though the attack is partly made possible due to the design decision of treating cross-signing user identities as Matrix devices on the server side (with their device ID set to the public part of the user identity key), no other examined implementations were vulnerable.

Patches

The matrix-js-sdk has been modified to double check that the key signed is the one that was verified instead of just referencing the key by ID. An additional check has been made to report an error when one of the device ID matches a cross-signing key.

Workarounds

As this attack requires coordination between a malicious homeserver and an attacker -- if you trust your homeserver no particular workaround is needed.

As a potential way of detecting compromise, it’s possible to review your device list or the device list of other users for devices with IDs in the form of a base64 cross-signing key (5XaczGNlfz0bl8R1IX5qn+tBoue2tWJqLMh+SDUuvCk) instead of classical device ID (SEHACYDHMG).

References

Blog post: https://matrix.org/blog/2022/09/28/upgrade-now-to-address-encryption-vulns-in-matrix-sdks-and-clients

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, e-mail us at security@matrix.org

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "matrix-js-sdk"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "19.7.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-39250"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-322"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-09-30T22:46:50Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-09-29T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Impact\n\nAn attacker cooperating with a malicious homeserver could interfere with the verification flow between two users, injecting its own cross-signing user identity in place of one of the users\u2019 identities, leading to the other device trusting/verifying the user identity under the control of the homeserver instead of the intended one.\n\nThe vulnerability is a bug in the matrix-js-sdk, caused by checking and signing user identities and devices in two separate steps, and inadequately fixing the keys to be signed between those steps.\n\nEven though the attack is partly made possible due to the design decision of treating cross-signing user identities as Matrix devices on the server side (with their device ID set to the public part of the user identity key), no other examined implementations were vulnerable.\n\n## Patches\n\nThe matrix-js-sdk has been modified to double check that the key signed is the one that was verified instead of just referencing the key by ID. An additional check has been made to report an error when one of the device ID matches a cross-signing key.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nAs this attack requires coordination between a malicious homeserver and an attacker -- if you trust your homeserver no particular workaround is needed. \n\nAs a potential way of detecting compromise, it\u2019s possible to review your device list or the device list of other users for devices with IDs in the form of a base64 cross-signing key (`5XaczGNlfz0bl8R1IX5qn+tBoue2tWJqLMh+SDUuvCk`) instead of classical device ID (`SEHACYDHMG`).\n\n## References\nBlog post: https://matrix.org/blog/2022/09/28/upgrade-now-to-address-encryption-vulns-in-matrix-sdks-and-clients\n\n## For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, e-mail us at security@matrix.org\n",
  "id": "GHSA-5w8r-8pgj-5jmf",
  "modified": "2022-11-01T13:24:57Z",
  "published": "2022-09-30T22:46:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-js-sdk/security/advisories/GHSA-5w8r-8pgj-5jmf"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-39250"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-js-sdk/commit/a587d7c36026fe1fcf93dfff63588abee359be76"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-js-sdk"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-js-sdk/releases/tag/v19.7.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://matrix.org/blog/2022/09/28/upgrade-now-to-address-encryption-vulns-in-matrix-sdks-and-clients"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-35"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "matrix-js-sdk subject to user impersonation due to key/device identifier confusion in SAS verification"
}

GHSA-5WC2-PFCW-568J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-26 00:01 – Updated: 2022-10-27 12:00
VLAI
Details

This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to bypass authentication on affected installations of multiple NETGEAR routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the mini_httpd service, which listens on TCP port 80 by default. The issue results from incorrect string matching logic when accessing protected pages. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-13313.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-34865"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-697"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-01-25T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to bypass authentication on affected installations of multiple NETGEAR routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the mini_httpd service, which listens on TCP port 80 by default. The issue results from incorrect string matching logic when accessing protected pages. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-13313.",
  "id": "GHSA-5wc2-pfcw-568j",
  "modified": "2022-10-27T12:00:27Z",
  "published": "2022-01-26T00:01:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34865"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000063955/Security-Advisory-for-Authentication-Bypass-Vulnerability-on-Some-Routers-PSV-2021-0083?article=000063955"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-1051"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5WCH-VC4H-WX4J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:43 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:43
VLAI
Details

The Google Authenticator login module 6.x-1.x before 6.x-1.2 and 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.4 for Drupal allows remote attackers to obtain access by replaying the username, password, and one-time password (OTP).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2013-4178"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2014-05-29T14:19:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Google Authenticator login module 6.x-1.x before 6.x-1.2 and 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.4 for Drupal allows remote attackers to obtain access by replaying the username, password, and one-time password (OTP).",
  "id": "GHSA-5wch-vc4h-wx4j",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T04:43:07Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T04:43:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-4178"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://drupal.org/node/1995482"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://drupal.org/node/1995634"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://drupal.org/node/1995706"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/59884"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-5WPW-R567-8RJ6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:59 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:34
VLAI
Details

Milesight IP security cameras through 2016-11-14 allow remote attackers to bypass authentication and access a protected resource by simultaneously making a request for the unprotected vb.htm resource.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-2359"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-10-25T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Milesight IP security cameras through 2016-11-14 allow remote attackers to bypass authentication and access a protected resource by simultaneously making a request for the unprotected vb.htm resource.",
  "id": "GHSA-5wpw-r567-8rj6",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T02:34:33Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:59:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-2359"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://possiblesecurity.com/news/vulnerabilities-of-milesight-ip-security-cameras"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=scckkI7CAW0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://kirils.org/slides/2016-10-06_Milesight_initial.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5WR9-CJHQ-WWG7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-05 18:32 – Updated: 2024-11-08 18:30
VLAI
Details

Waybox Enel X web management API authentication could be bypassed and provide administrator’s privileges over the Waybox system.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-29117"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-05T16:15:15Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Waybox Enel X web management API authentication could be bypassed and provide administrator\u2019s privileges over the Waybox system.",
  "id": "GHSA-5wr9-cjhq-wwg7",
  "modified": "2024-11-08T18:30:47Z",
  "published": "2024-11-05T18:32:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29117"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support-emobility.enelx.com/content/dam/enelxmobility/italia/documenti/manuali-schede-tecniche/Waybox-3-Security-Bulletin-06-2024-V1.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5WV8-V74X-QRJC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-06 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-07 21:31
VLAI
Details

A critical pre-authentication vulnerability exists in the authentication subsystem of BeyondTrust Remote Support. Improper processing of authentication requests may allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to bypass access controls and gain unauthorized access to the appliance, including accounts with elevated privileges. Exploitation requires a specific authentication configuration to be enabled.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-40139"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-06T17:16:30Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A critical pre-authentication vulnerability exists in the authentication subsystem of BeyondTrust Remote Support.\u00a0Improper processing of authentication requests may allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to bypass access controls and gain unauthorized access to the appliance, including accounts with elevated privileges. Exploitation requires a specific authentication configuration to be enabled.",
  "id": "GHSA-5wv8-v74x-qrjc",
  "modified": "2026-07-07T21:31:30Z",
  "published": "2026-07-06T18:31:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40139"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.beyondtrust.com/trust-center/security-advisories/bt26-03"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5X28-QQ48-WPWQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-12 18:30 – Updated: 2023-01-20 18:30
VLAI
Details

EXFO - BV-10 Performance Endpoint Unit authentication bypass User can manually manipulate access enabling authentication bypass.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-39184"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-12T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "EXFO - BV-10 Performance Endpoint Unit authentication bypass User can manually manipulate access enabling authentication bypass.",
  "id": "GHSA-5x28-qq48-wpwq",
  "modified": "2023-01-20T18:30:22Z",
  "published": "2023-01-12T18:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-39184"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.gov.il/en/Departments/faq/cve_advisories"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5X44-874C-9RMJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-06 15:30 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:39
VLAI
Details

D-Link DIR-845L router v1.01KRb03 and before is vulnerable to Permission Bypass via the getcfg.php component.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-33110"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-06T15:15:23Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "D-Link DIR-845L router v1.01KRb03 and before is vulnerable to Permission Bypass via the getcfg.php component.",
  "id": "GHSA-5x44-874c-9rmj",
  "modified": "2024-07-03T18:39:08Z",
  "published": "2024-05-06T15:30:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-33110"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/yj94/Yj_learning/blob/main/Week16/D-LINK-POC.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5X4J-XCMV-V3Q2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:47 – Updated: 2024-04-24 20:47
VLAI
Summary
Dolibarr allows password changes without supplying the current password
Details

Dolibarr ERP/CRM 4.0.4 allows password changes without supplying the current password, which makes it easier for physically proximate attackers to obtain access via an unattended workstation.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "dolibarr/dolibarr"
      },
      "versions": [
        "4.0.4"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-8879"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-24T20:47:30Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-05-10T14:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Dolibarr ERP/CRM 4.0.4 allows password changes without supplying the current password, which makes it easier for physically proximate attackers to obtain access via an unattended workstation.",
  "id": "GHSA-5x4j-xcmv-v3q2",
  "modified": "2024-04-24T20:47:30Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:47:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-8879"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/Dolibarr/dolibarr"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.foxmole.com/advisories/foxmole-2017-02-23.txt"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Dolibarr allows password changes without supplying the current password"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.