CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5989 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-8VH6-V9PF-9WPQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-16 12:30 – Updated: 2025-12-16 12:30The WPCOM Member plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass via brute force in all versions up to, and including, 1.7.16. This is due to weak OTP (One-Time Password) generation using only 6 numeric digits combined with a 10-minute validity window and no rate limiting on verification attempts. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to brute-force the verification code and authenticate as any user, including administrators, if they know the target's phone number, and the target does not notice or ignores the SMS notification with the OTP.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-14002"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-16T10:15:42Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The WPCOM Member plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass via brute force in all versions up to, and including, 1.7.16. This is due to weak OTP (One-Time Password) generation using only 6 numeric digits combined with a 10-minute validity window and no rate limiting on verification attempts. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to brute-force the verification code and authenticate as any user, including administrators, if they know the target\u0027s phone number, and the target does not notice or ignores the SMS notification with the OTP.",
"id": "GHSA-8vh6-v9pf-9wpq",
"modified": "2025-12-16T12:30:28Z",
"published": "2025-12-16T12:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wpcom-member/tags/1.7.16/includes/class-sesstion.php#L29"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wpcom-member/tags/1.7.16/includes/member-functions.php#L833"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3411048/wpcom-member"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/4f02ee56-40bd-4132-92e1-e2897ff2a4c4?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8VH6-X54M-XP4C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-11 21:32 – Updated: 2025-02-11 21:32Logsign Unified SecOps Platform Authentication Bypass Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to bypass authentication on affected installations of Logsign Unified SecOps Platform. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.
The specific flaw exists within the web service, which listens on TCP port 443 by default. The issue results from the lack of proper implementation of the authentication algorithm. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to bypass authentication on the system. Was ZDI-CAN-25336.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1044"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-11T20:15:35Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Logsign Unified SecOps Platform Authentication Bypass Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to bypass authentication on affected installations of Logsign Unified SecOps Platform. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the web service, which listens on TCP port 443 by default. The issue results from the lack of proper implementation of the authentication algorithm. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to bypass authentication on the system. Was ZDI-CAN-25336.",
"id": "GHSA-8vh6-x54m-xp4c",
"modified": "2025-02-11T21:32:07Z",
"published": "2025-02-11T21:32:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1044"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.logsign.net/hc/en-us/articles/22076844908946-18-10-2024-Version-6-4-32-Release-Notes"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-085"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8VMR-H7H5-CQHG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-16 19:05 – Updated: 2025-08-20 19:13Impact
MMR before version 1.3.5 allows, by design, unauthenticated remote participants to trigger a download and caching of remote media from a remote homeserver to the local media repository. Such content then also becomes available for download from the local homeserver in an unauthenticated way. The implication is that unauthenticated remote adversaries can use this functionality to plant problematic content into the media repository.
Patches
MMR 1.3.5 introduces a partial mitigation in the form of new endpoints which require authentication for media downloads. The unauthenticated endpoints will be frozen in a future release, closing the attack vector.
Workarounds
Though extremely limited, server operators can use more strict rate limits based on IP address.
References
https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-spec-proposals/pull/3916
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/t2bot/matrix-media-repo"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.3.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-36402"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-01-16T19:05:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-16T20:15:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nMMR before version 1.3.5 allows, by design, unauthenticated remote participants to trigger a download and caching of remote media from a remote homeserver to the local media repository. Such content then also becomes available for download from the local homeserver in an unauthenticated way. The implication is that unauthenticated remote adversaries can use this functionality to plant problematic content into the media repository.\n\n### Patches\n\nMMR 1.3.5 introduces a partial mitigation in the form of new endpoints which require authentication for media downloads. The unauthenticated endpoints will be frozen in a future release, closing the attack vector.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThough extremely limited, server operators can use more strict rate limits based on IP address.\n\n### References\n\nhttps://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-spec-proposals/pull/3916",
"id": "GHSA-8vmr-h7h5-cqhg",
"modified": "2025-08-20T19:13:42Z",
"published": "2025-01-16T19:05:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/t2bot/matrix-media-repo/security/advisories/GHSA-8vmr-h7h5-cqhg"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-36402"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-spec-proposals/pull/3916"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/t2bot/matrix-media-repo"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-3397"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "matrix-media-repo (MMR) allows unauthenticated writes to the media repository, which may allow planting of problematic content"
}
GHSA-8VP7-J7JR-RQP7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:38 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:38A specific device configuration can result in a commit failure condition. When this occurs, a user is logged in without being prompted for a password while trying to login through console, ssh, ftp, telnet or su, etc., This issue relies upon a device configuration precondition to occur. Typically, device configurations are the result of a trusted administrative change to the system's running configuration. The following error messages may be seen when this failure occurs: mgd: error: commit failed: (statements constraint check failed) Warning: Commit failed, activating partial configuration. Warning: Edit the router configuration to fix these errors. If the administrative changes are not made that result in such a failure, then this issue is not seen. No other Juniper Networks products or platforms are affected by this issue. Affected releases are Juniper Networks Junos OS 12.3 prior to 12.3R10, 12.3R11; 12.3X48 prior to 12.3X48-D20; 13.2 prior to 13.2R8; 13.3 prior to 13.3R7; 14.1 prior to 14.1R4-S12, 14.1R5, 14.1R6; 14.1X53 prior to 14.1X53-D30; 14.2 prior to 14.2R4; 15.1 prior to 15.1F2, 15.1F3, 15.1R2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-10601"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-07-17T13:18:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A specific device configuration can result in a commit failure condition. When this occurs, a user is logged in without being prompted for a password while trying to login through console, ssh, ftp, telnet or su, etc., This issue relies upon a device configuration precondition to occur. Typically, device configurations are the result of a trusted administrative change to the system\u0027s running configuration. The following error messages may be seen when this failure occurs: mgd: error: commit failed: (statements constraint check failed) Warning: Commit failed, activating partial configuration. Warning: Edit the router configuration to fix these errors. If the administrative changes are not made that result in such a failure, then this issue is not seen. No other Juniper Networks products or platforms are affected by this issue. Affected releases are Juniper Networks Junos OS 12.3 prior to 12.3R10, 12.3R11; 12.3X48 prior to 12.3X48-D20; 13.2 prior to 13.2R8; 13.3 prior to 13.3R7; 14.1 prior to 14.1R4-S12, 14.1R5, 14.1R6; 14.1X53 prior to 14.1X53-D30; 14.2 prior to 14.2R4; 15.1 prior to 15.1F2, 15.1F3, 15.1R2.",
"id": "GHSA-8vp7-j7jr-rqp7",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:38:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:38:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-10601"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.juniper.net/JSA10802"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038902"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8VRG-7R74-CVGQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:43 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:43The Norton App Lock prior to version 1.3.0.13 can be susceptible to an authentication bypass exploit. In this type of circumstance, the exploit can allow the user to kill the app to prevent it from locking the device, thereby allowing the individual to gain device access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-15534"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-03-26T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Norton App Lock prior to version 1.3.0.13 can be susceptible to an authentication bypass exploit. In this type of circumstance, the exploit can allow the user to kill the app to prevent it from locking the device, thereby allowing the individual to gain device access.",
"id": "GHSA-8vrg-7r74-cvgq",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:43:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:43:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-15534"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/securityupdates/detail.jsp?fid=security_advisory\u0026pvid=security_advisory\u0026year=\u0026suid=20180326_00"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/103377"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8VRW-JJ57-PJ7H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by authentication bypass. This affects R6900P before 1.3.3.140, R7000P before 1.3.3.140, R7900P before 1.4.2.84, R7960P before 1.4.2.84, R8000P before 1.4.2.84, RAX75 before 1.0.3.106, and RAX80 before 1.0.3.106.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45499"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by authentication bypass. This affects R6900P before 1.3.3.140, R7000P before 1.3.3.140, R7900P before 1.4.2.84, R7960P before 1.4.2.84, R8000P before 1.4.2.84, RAX75 before 1.0.3.106, and RAX80 before 1.0.3.106.",
"id": "GHSA-8vrw-jj57-pj7h",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:50Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:01:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45499"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064445/Security-Advisory-for-Authentication-Bypass-on-Some-Routers-PSV-2019-0027"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8VVC-HMJH-W8JG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-22 21:30 – Updated: 2025-05-22 21:30An improper authentication vulnerability exists in WSO2 Identity Server 7.0.0 due to an implementation flaw that allows app-native authentication to be bypassed when an invalid object is passed.
Exploitation of this vulnerability could enable malicious actors to circumvent the client verification mechanism, compromising the integrity of the authentication process.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-7487"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-22T19:15:43Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An improper authentication vulnerability exists in WSO2 Identity Server 7.0.0 due to an implementation flaw that allows app-native authentication to be bypassed when an invalid object is passed.\n\nExploitation of this vulnerability could enable malicious actors to circumvent the client verification mechanism, compromising the integrity of the authentication process.",
"id": "GHSA-8vvc-hmjh-w8jg",
"modified": "2025-05-22T21:30:47Z",
"published": "2025-05-22T21:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7487"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2024/WSO2-2024-3348"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8W95-32FX-8C6H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-05 21:31 – Updated: 2023-12-13 18:30Improper authentication in the SMA100 SSL-VPN virtual office portal allows a remote authenticated attacker to create an identical external domain user using accent characters, resulting in an MFA bypass.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-5970"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-05T21:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper authentication in the SMA100 SSL-VPN virtual office portal allows a remote authenticated attacker to create an identical external domain user using accent characters, resulting in an MFA bypass.",
"id": "GHSA-8w95-32fx-8c6h",
"modified": "2023-12-13T18:30:59Z",
"published": "2023-12-05T21:31:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5970"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2023-0018"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8WCW-CW2F-H4G2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:33 – Updated: 2023-10-27 12:02Jenkins Active Directory Plugin implements two separate modes: Integration with ADSI on Windows, and an OS agnostic LDAP-based mode.
The Windows/ADSI mode does not specifically prohibit use of empty passwords in Active Directory Plugin prior to 2.20 and 2.16.1. If the Active Directory server allows the unauthenticated bind operation, this allows attackers to log in to Jenkins as any user by providing an empty password.
Jenkins Active Directory Plugin 2.20 and 2.16.1 prohibits the use of an empty password to log in.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:active-directory"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.17"
},
{
"fixed": "2.20"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:active-directory"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.16.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-2300"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-09-08T00:45:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-11-04T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Jenkins Active Directory Plugin implements two separate modes: Integration with ADSI on Windows, and an OS agnostic LDAP-based mode.\n\nThe Windows/ADSI mode does not specifically prohibit use of empty passwords in Active Directory Plugin prior to 2.20 and 2.16.1. If the Active Directory server allows the unauthenticated bind operation, this allows attackers to log in to Jenkins as any user by providing an empty password.\n\nJenkins Active Directory Plugin 2.20 and 2.16.1 prohibits the use of an empty password to log in.",
"id": "GHSA-8wcw-cw2f-h4g2",
"modified": "2023-10-27T12:02:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:33:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-2300"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/active-directory-plugin/commit/57e78ea7bb96b4e59405f28959ade2d26821163d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelist/blob/381fe967666a5ce01625a7a050427aa4757e3ca6/2020/2xxx/CVE-2020-2300.json"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/active-directory-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2020-11-04/#SECURITY-2099"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/11/04/6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Improper Authentication (empty password) in Jenkins Active Directory Plugin"
}
GHSA-8WF2-3GGJ-78Q9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-28 22:44 – Updated: 2024-04-22 19:09An issue was discovered in phpMyAdmin 4.9 before 4.9.8 and 5.1 before 5.1.2. A valid user who is already authenticated to phpMyAdmin can manipulate their account to bypass two-factor authentication for future login instances.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.9.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.9.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.1.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23807"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-01-28T22:31:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-22T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in phpMyAdmin 4.9 before 4.9.8 and 5.1 before 5.1.2. A valid user who is already authenticated to phpMyAdmin can manipulate their account to bypass two-factor authentication for future login instances.",
"id": "GHSA-8wf2-3ggj-78q9",
"modified": "2024-04-22T19:09:46Z",
"published": "2022-01-28T22:44:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23807"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin/commit/ca54f1db050859eb8555875c6aa5d7796fdf4b32"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202311-17"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.phpmyadmin.net/security/PMASA-2022-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Improper Authentication in phpmyadmin"
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.