CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
6040 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-FXCP-3PWG-XXX2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-22 09:30 – Updated: 2025-10-30 18:31Encrypted WiFi and SSH credentials were found in the Ghost Robotics Vision 60 v0.27.2 APK. This vulnerability allows an attacker to connect to the robot's WiFi and view all its data, as it runs on ROS 2 without default authentication. In addition, the attacker can connect via SSH and gain full control of the robot, which could cause physical damage to the robot itself or its environment.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-41110"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-22T09:15:36Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Encrypted WiFi and SSH credentials were found in the Ghost Robotics Vision 60 v0.27.2 APK. This vulnerability allows an attacker to connect to the robot\u0027s WiFi and view all its data, as it runs on ROS 2 without default authentication. In addition, the attacker can connect via SSH and gain full control of the robot, which could cause physical damage to the robot itself or its environment.",
"id": "GHSA-fxcp-3pwg-xxx2",
"modified": "2025-10-30T18:31:07Z",
"published": "2025-10-22T09:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-41110"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-ghost-robotics-vision-60"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FXF7-P97X-XCCH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:52 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:52ZUUSE BEIMS ContractorWeb .NET 5.18.0.0 allows access to various /UserManagement/ privileged modules without authenticating the user; an attacker can misuse these functionalities to perform unauthorized actions, as demonstrated by Edit User Details.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-5328"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-01-15T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "ZUUSE BEIMS ContractorWeb .NET 5.18.0.0 allows access to various /UserManagement/ privileged modules without authenticating the user; an attacker can misuse these functionalities to perform unauthorized actions, as demonstrated by Edit User Details.",
"id": "GHSA-fxf7-p97x-xcch",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:52:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:52:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-5328"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://becomepentester.blogspot.com/2018/01/ZUUSE-BEIMS-ContractorWeb-Privilege-Escalations-CVE-2018-5328.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FXGJ-CFM7-W8HW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-09 15:30 – Updated: 2025-02-27 00:30Improper Authentication vulnerability in Apereo CAS in jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest.getRemoteAddr method allows Multi-Factor Authentication bypass.This issue affects CAS: through 7.0.0-RC7. It is unknown whether in new versions the issue will be fixed. For the date of publication there is no patch, and the vendor does not treat it as a vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4612"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-302"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-09T14:15:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Improper Authentication vulnerability in Apereo CAS in\u00a0jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest.getRemoteAddr method allows Multi-Factor Authentication bypass.This issue affects CAS: through 7.0.0-RC7. It is unknown whether in new versions the issue will be fixed. For the date of publication there is no patch, and the vendor does not treat it as a vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-fxgj-cfm7-w8hw",
"modified": "2025-02-27T00:30:26Z",
"published": "2023-11-09T15:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4612"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2023/11/CVE-2023-4612"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/posts/2023/11/CVE-2023-4612"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FXHF-2C5F-JH3Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-03 15:31 – Updated: 2025-06-03 15:31A vulnerability was found in Netgear WNR614 1.1.0.28_1.0.1WW. It has been classified as critical. This affects an unknown part of the component URL Handler. The manipulation with the input %00currentsetting.htm leads to improper authentication. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This issue appears to have been circulating as an 0day since 2024.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-5495"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-03T13:15:21Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Netgear WNR614 1.1.0.28_1.0.1WW. It has been classified as critical. This affects an unknown part of the component URL Handler. The manipulation with the input %00currentsetting.htm leads to improper authentication. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This issue appears to have been circulating as an 0day since 2024.",
"id": "GHSA-fxhf-2c5f-jh3q",
"modified": "2025-06-03T15:31:26Z",
"published": "2025-06-03T15:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5495"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Shuanunio/CVE_Requests/blob/main/Netgear/WNR614/ACL%20bypass%20Vulnerability%20in%20Netgear%20WNR614.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.310911"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.310911"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.584939"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FXMM-X2W5-24CG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:47 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:47The Netlink implementation in the Linux kernel before 3.2.30 does not properly handle messages that lack SCM_CREDENTIALS data, which might allow local users to spoof Netlink communication via a crafted message, as demonstrated by a message to (1) Avahi or (2) NetworkManager.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-3520"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-10-03T11:02:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "The Netlink implementation in the Linux kernel before 3.2.30 does not properly handle messages that lack SCM_CREDENTIALS data, which might allow local users to spoof Netlink communication via a crafted message, as demonstrated by a message to (1) Avahi or (2) NetworkManager.",
"id": "GHSA-fxmm-x2w5-24cg",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:47:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:47:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-3520"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/e0e3cea46d31d23dc40df0a49a7a2c04fe8edfea"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=850449"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=e0e3cea46d31d23dc40df0a49a7a2c04fe8edfea"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=commit;h=e0e3cea46d31d23dc40df0a49a7a2c04fe8edfea"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2012-10/msg00005.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2013-02/msg00018.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/50848"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/ChangeLog-3.2.30"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/08/22/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/linuxbulletinjan2016-2867209.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/55152"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1599-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1610-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-FXP2-R3H5-GCWF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:59 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:59An issue was discovered on KONE Group Controller (KGC) devices before 4.6.5. FTP does not require authentication or authorization, aka KONE-03.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-15485"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-07T22:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on KONE Group Controller (KGC) devices before 4.6.5. FTP does not require authentication or authorization, aka KONE-03.",
"id": "GHSA-fxp2-r3h5-gcwf",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:59:42Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:59:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-15485"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kone.com/en/vulnerability.aspx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/149252/KONE-KGC-4.6.4-DoS-Code-Execution-LFI-Bypass.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FXQV-WG5X-XXGC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:11 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:11Cisco Trust Agent (CTA) before 2.1.104.0, when running on MacOS X, allows attackers with physical access to bypass authentication and modify System Preferences, including passwords, by invoking the Apple Menu when the Access Control Server (ACS) produces a user notification message after posture validation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-3184"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-06-12T21:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Cisco Trust Agent (CTA) before 2.1.104.0, when running on MacOS X, allows attackers with physical access to bypass authentication and modify System Preferences, including passwords, by invoking the Apple Menu when the Access Control Server (ACS) produces a user notification message after posture validation.",
"id": "GHSA-fxqv-wg5x-xxgc",
"modified": "2022-05-01T18:11:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T18:11:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-3184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/34807"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/25598"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/2796"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_security_response09186a008085d645.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.osvdb.org/35340"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/471041/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/24415"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1018217"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2007/2140"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-FXV8-5XV5-FMG8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-10 12:01 – Updated: 2022-11-11 12:00VMware Workspace ONE Assist prior to 22.10 contains a Broken Authentication Method vulnerability. A malicious actor with network access to Workspace ONE Assist may be able to obtain administrative access without the need to authenticate to the application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-31686"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-09T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "VMware Workspace ONE Assist prior to 22.10 contains a Broken Authentication Method vulnerability. A malicious actor with network access to Workspace ONE Assist may be able to obtain administrative access without the need to authenticate to the application.",
"id": "GHSA-fxv8-5xv5-fmg8",
"modified": "2022-11-11T12:00:34Z",
"published": "2022-11-10T12:01:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31686"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2022-0028.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FXVH-V448-8246
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:09 – Updated: 2022-07-16 00:00Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco Intersight Virtual Appliance could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to access sensitive internal services from an external interface. These vulnerabilities are due to insufficient restrictions for IPv4 or IPv6 packets that are received on the external management interface. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending specific traffic to this interface on an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access sensitive internal services and make configuration changes on the affected device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1601"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-07-22T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco Intersight Virtual Appliance could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to access sensitive internal services from an external interface. These vulnerabilities are due to insufficient restrictions for IPv4 or IPv6 packets that are received on the external management interface. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending specific traffic to this interface on an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access sensitive internal services and make configuration changes on the affected device.",
"id": "GHSA-fxvh-v448-8246",
"modified": "2022-07-16T00:00:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:09:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1601"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ucsi2-iptaclbp-L8Dzs8m8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FXWP-HQGP-45QG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-10 00:00 – Updated: 2026-05-29 15:30A CWE-287: Improper Authentication vulnerability exists that could cause an attacker to arbitrarily change the behavior of the UPS when a key is leaked and used to upload malicious firmware. Affected Product: APC Smart-UPS Family: SMT Series (SMT Series ID=18: UPS 09.8 and prior / SMT Series ID=1040: UPS 01.2 and prior / SMT Series ID=1031: UPS 03.1 and prior), SMC Series (SMC Series ID=1005: UPS 14.1 and prior / SMC Series ID=1007: UPS 11.0 and prior / SMC Series ID=1041: UPS 01.1 and prior), SCL Series (SCL Series ID=1030: UPS 02.5 and prior / SCL Series ID=1036: UPS 02.5 and prior), SMX Series (SMX Series ID=20: UPS 10.2 and prior / SMX Series ID=23: UPS 07.0 and prior), SRT Series (SRT Series ID=1010/1019/1025: UPS 08.3 and prior / SRT Series ID=1024: UPS 01.0 and prior / SRT Series ID=1020: UPS 10.4 and prior / SRT Series ID=1021: UPS 12.2 and prior / SRT Series ID=1001/1013: UPS 05.1 and prior / SRT Series ID=1002/1014: UPSa05.2 and prior), APC SmartConnect Family: SMT Series (SMT Series ID=1015: UPS 04.5 and prior), SMC Series (SMC Series ID=1018: UPS 04.2 and prior), SMTL Series (SMTL Series ID=1026: UPS 02.9 and prior), SCL Series (SCL Series ID=1029: UPS 02.5 and prior / SCL Series ID=1030: UPS 02.5 and prior / SCL Series ID=1036: UPS 02.5 and prior / SCL Series ID=1037: UPS 03.1 and prior), SMX Series (SMX Series ID=1031: UPS 03.1 and prior)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-0715"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-345"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-09T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A CWE-287: Improper Authentication vulnerability exists that could cause an attacker to arbitrarily change the behavior of the UPS when a key is leaked and used to upload malicious firmware. Affected Product: APC Smart-UPS Family: SMT Series (SMT Series ID=18: UPS 09.8 and prior / SMT Series ID=1040: UPS 01.2 and prior / SMT Series ID=1031: UPS 03.1 and prior), SMC Series (SMC Series ID=1005: UPS 14.1 and prior / SMC Series ID=1007: UPS 11.0 and prior / SMC Series ID=1041: UPS 01.1 and prior), SCL Series (SCL Series ID=1030: UPS 02.5 and prior / SCL Series ID=1036: UPS 02.5 and prior), SMX Series (SMX Series ID=20: UPS 10.2 and prior / SMX Series ID=23: UPS 07.0 and prior), SRT Series (SRT Series ID=1010/1019/1025: UPS 08.3 and prior / SRT Series ID=1024: UPS 01.0 and prior / SRT Series ID=1020: UPS 10.4 and prior / SRT Series ID=1021: UPS 12.2 and prior / SRT Series ID=1001/1013: UPS 05.1 and prior / SRT Series ID=1002/1014: UPSa05.2 and prior), APC SmartConnect Family: SMT Series (SMT Series ID=1015: UPS 04.5 and prior), SMC Series (SMC Series ID=1018: UPS 04.2 and prior), SMTL Series (SMTL Series ID=1026: UPS 02.9 and prior), SCL Series (SCL Series ID=1029: UPS 02.5 and prior / SCL Series ID=1030: UPS 02.5 and prior / SCL Series ID=1036: UPS 02.5 and prior / SCL Series ID=1037: UPS 03.1 and prior), SMX Series (SMX Series ID=1031: UPS 03.1 and prior)",
"id": "GHSA-fxwp-hqgp-45qg",
"modified": "2026-05-29T15:30:25Z",
"published": "2022-03-10T00:00:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0715"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_Doc_Ref=SEVD-2022-067-02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.se.com/ww/en/download/document/SEVD-2022-067-02"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.