Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

6060 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-JM25-87XP-4H76

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 19:24 – Updated: 2024-10-01 18:31
VLAI
Details

An authentication vulnerability was discovered in Jira Service Management Server and Data Center which allows an attacker to impersonate another user and gain access to a Jira Service Management instance under certain circumstances_._ With write access to a User Directory and outgoing email enabled on a Jira Service Management instance, an attacker could gain access to signup tokens sent to users with accounts that have never been logged into. Access to these tokens can be obtained in two cases: * If the attacker is included on Jira issues or requests with these users, or * If the attacker is forwarded or otherwise gains access to emails containing a “View Request” link from these users. Bot accounts are particularly susceptible to this scenario. On instances with single sign-on, external customer accounts can be affected in projects where anyone can create their own account.

Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-22501"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-02-01T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An authentication vulnerability was discovered in Jira Service Management Server and Data Center which allows an attacker to impersonate another user and gain access to a Jira Service Management instance under certain circumstances_._ With write access to a User Directory and outgoing email enabled on a Jira Service Management instance, an attacker could gain access to signup tokens sent to users with accounts that have never been logged into. Access to these tokens can be obtained in two cases: * If the attacker is included on Jira issues or requests with these users, or * If the attacker is forwarded or otherwise gains access to emails containing a \u201cView Request\u201d link from these users. Bot accounts are particularly susceptible to this scenario. On instances with single sign-on, external customer accounts can be affected in projects where anyone can create their own account.",
  "id": "GHSA-jm25-87xp-4h76",
  "modified": "2024-10-01T18:31:15Z",
  "published": "2023-07-06T19:24:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22501"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/JSDSERVER-12312"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JM3V-7P2W-CVMP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:13 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:13
VLAI
Details

Improper authentication of Non-EAPOL/WAPI plaintext frames during four-way handshake can lead to arbitrary network packet injection in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer Electronics Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Voice & Music

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-11264"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-09-08T12:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Improper authentication of Non-EAPOL/WAPI plaintext frames during four-way handshake can lead to arbitrary network packet injection in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer Electronics Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Voice \u0026 Music",
  "id": "GHSA-jm3v-7p2w-cvmp",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:13:53Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:13:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-11264"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/august-2021-bulletin"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-JM3W-R4X3-365C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 19:57 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:01
VLAI
Details

OpenPAM Nummularia 9.2 through 10.0 does not properly handle the error reported when an include directive refers to a policy that does not exist, which causes the loaded policy chain to no be discarded and allows context-dependent attackers to bypass authentication via a login (1) without a password or (2) with an incorrect password.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2014-3879"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-02-18T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "OpenPAM Nummularia 9.2 through 10.0 does not properly handle the error reported when an include directive refers to a policy that does not exist, which causes the loaded policy chain to no be discarded and allows context-dependent attackers to bypass authentication via a login (1) without a password or (2) with an incorrect password.",
  "id": "GHSA-jm3w-r4x3-365c",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T00:01:22Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T19:57:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-3879"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-14:13.pam.asc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openpam.org/browser/openpam/trunk/HISTORY"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/67808"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1030330"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JM5C-RGFP-CJHX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:46 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:46
VLAI
Details

JGroups diagnostics service in JBoss Enterprise Portal Platform before 5.2.2, SOA Platform before 5.3.0, and BRMS Platform before 5.3.0, is enabled without authentication when started by the JGroups channel, which allows remote attackers in adjacent networks to read diagnostics information via a crafted IP multicast.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2012-2377"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2012-11-23T20:55:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "JGroups diagnostics service in JBoss Enterprise Portal Platform before 5.2.2, SOA Platform before 5.3.0, and BRMS Platform before 5.3.0, is enabled without authentication when started by the JGroups channel, which allows remote attackers in adjacent networks to read diagnostics information via a crafted IP multicast.",
  "id": "GHSA-jm5c-rgfp-cjhx",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T01:46:09Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T01:46:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-2377"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=823392"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/76540"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2012-1028.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2012-1125.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2012-1232.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0191.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0192.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0193.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0194.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0195.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0196.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0197.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0198.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/49669"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/50084"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/50549"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51984"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.osvdb.org/83085"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/54183"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-JM5G-5386-4P5F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:35 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:35
VLAI
Details

QNAP NAS application Media Streaming add-on version 421.1.0.2, 430.1.2.0, and earlier does not authenticate requests properly. Successful exploitation could lead to change of the Media Streaming settings, and leakage of sensitive information of the QNAP NAS.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-7638"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-03-08T14:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "QNAP NAS application Media Streaming add-on version 421.1.0.2, 430.1.2.0, and earlier does not authenticate requests properly. Successful exploitation could lead to change of the Media Streaming settings, and leakage of sensitive information of the QNAP NAS.",
  "id": "GHSA-jm5g-5386-4p5f",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T03:35:24Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:35:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-7638"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.qnap.com/zh-tw/security-advisory/nas-201803-08"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JM5G-MV3F-PJFW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-27 18:30 – Updated: 2023-01-05 06:30
VLAI
Details

Some Dahua software products have a vulnerability of unauthenticated restart of remote DSS Server. After bypassing the firewall access control policy, by sending a specific crafted packet to the vulnerable interface, an attacker could unauthenticated restart of remote DSS Server.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-45431"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-27T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Some Dahua software products have a vulnerability of unauthenticated restart of remote DSS Server. After bypassing the firewall access control policy, by sending a specific crafted packet to the vulnerable interface, an attacker could unauthenticated restart of remote DSS Server.",
  "id": "GHSA-jm5g-mv3f-pjfw",
  "modified": "2023-01-05T06:30:23Z",
  "published": "2022-12-27T18:30:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45431"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dahuasecurity.com/support/cybersecurity/details/1137"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JMF3-9F5J-CPJH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-12 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:33
VLAI
Details

Windows Task Scheduler Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-49039"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-12T18:15:44Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Windows Task Scheduler Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability",
  "id": "GHSA-jmf3-9f5j-cpjh",
  "modified": "2025-10-22T00:33:11Z",
  "published": "2024-11-12T18:30:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49039"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-49039"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2024-49039"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JMMG-JQC7-5QF4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 22:18 – Updated: 2026-03-20 21:13
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw's browser-origin WebSocket auth hardening gap could enable loopback password brute-force chains
Details

This issue is a browser-origin WebSocket auth chain on local loopback deployments using password auth. It is serious, but conditional: an attacker must get the user to open a malicious page and then successfully guess the gateway password.

Context and Preconditions

OpenClaw’s web/gateway surface is designed for local use and trusted-operator workflows. In affected versions, a browser-origin client could combine three behaviors:

  • Origin checks not enforced for some non-Control-UI WebSocket client IDs.
  • Loopback auth attempts exempt from password-failure throttling.
  • Silent local pairing path available to browser-origin non-Control-UI clients.

Successful exploitation requires all of the following:

  • Gateway reachable on loopback (default).
  • Password auth mode in use.
  • Victim opens attacker-controlled web content.
  • Password is guessable within feasible brute-force/dictionary attempts.

Practical Impact

If the password is guessed, an attacker can establish an authenticated operator WebSocket session and invoke control-plane methods available to that role. This is not an unauthenticated internet-exposed RCE class issue by itself; it is a local browser-origin auth-hardening gap with meaningful impact under the conditions above.

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: openclaw (npm)
  • Affected versions: <=2026.2.24 (latest published npm version as of February 26, 2026)
  • Patched versions : >=2026.2.25

Fix Commit(s)

  • c736f11a16d6bc27ea62a0fe40fffae4cb071fdb

Fix Details

  • Enforce browser-origin checks for direct browser WebSocket clients beyond Control UI/Webchat (trusted-proxy forwarded flows remain supported).
  • Apply browser-origin auth failure throttling with loopback exemption disabled.
  • Block silent auto-pairing for non-Control-UI browser-origin clients.

Release Process Note

patched_versions is pre-set to the planned next npm release (2026.2.25) so once that release is published, the advisory is published.

OpenClaw thanks @luz-oasis for reporting.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.7 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.2.24"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.2.25"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-32025"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-307",
      "CWE-346"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-03T22:18:09Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-19T22:16:37Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "This issue is a browser-origin WebSocket auth chain on local loopback deployments using password auth. It is serious, but conditional: an attacker must get the user to open a malicious page and then successfully guess the gateway password.\n\n## Context and Preconditions\n\nOpenClaw\u2019s web/gateway surface is designed for local use and trusted-operator workflows. In affected versions, a browser-origin client could combine three behaviors:\n\n- Origin checks not enforced for some non-Control-UI WebSocket client IDs.\n- Loopback auth attempts exempt from password-failure throttling.\n- Silent local pairing path available to browser-origin non-Control-UI clients.\n\nSuccessful exploitation requires all of the following:\n\n- Gateway reachable on loopback (default).\n- Password auth mode in use.\n- Victim opens attacker-controlled web content.\n- Password is guessable within feasible brute-force/dictionary attempts.\n\n## Practical Impact\n\nIf the password is guessed, an attacker can establish an authenticated operator WebSocket session and invoke control-plane methods available to that role. This is not an unauthenticated internet-exposed RCE class issue by itself; it is a local browser-origin auth-hardening gap with meaningful impact under the conditions above.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Affected versions: `\u003c=2026.2.24` (latest published npm version as of February 26, 2026)\n- Patched versions : `\u003e=2026.2.25`\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n\n- `c736f11a16d6bc27ea62a0fe40fffae4cb071fdb`\n\n## Fix Details\n\n- Enforce browser-origin checks for direct browser WebSocket clients beyond Control UI/Webchat (trusted-proxy forwarded flows remain supported).\n- Apply browser-origin auth failure throttling with loopback exemption disabled.\n- Block silent auto-pairing for non-Control-UI browser-origin clients.\n\n## Release Process Note\n\n`patched_versions` is pre-set to the planned next npm release (`2026.2.25`) so once that release is published, the advisory is published.\n\nOpenClaw thanks @luz-oasis for reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-jmmg-jqc7-5qf4",
  "modified": "2026-03-20T21:13:30Z",
  "published": "2026-03-03T22:18:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-jmmg-jqc7-5qf4"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32025"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/c736f11a16d6bc27ea62a0fe40fffae4cb071fdb"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-password-brute-force-via-browser-origin-websocket-authentication-bypass"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw\u0027s browser-origin WebSocket auth hardening gap could enable loopback password brute-force chains"
}

GHSA-JMP9-8JFR-9J94

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:00 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:00
VLAI
Details

The Nokia E75 phone with firmware before 211.12.01 allows physically proximate attackers to bypass the Device Lock code by entering an unspecified button sequence at boot time.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2011-1472"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2011-03-29T18:55:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Nokia E75 phone with firmware before 211.12.01 allows physically proximate attackers to bypass the Device Lock code by entering an unspecified button sequence at boot time.",
  "id": "GHSA-jmp9-8jfr-9j94",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:00:34Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:00:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-1472"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/66322"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/43827"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.cert.fi/en/reports/2011/vulnerability410355.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/47022"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-JMQC-C5JW-VVP4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:38 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:38
VLAI
Details

The IBM WebSphere DataPower XC10 Appliance 2.0.0.0 through 2.0.0.3 and 2.1.0.0 through 2.1.0.2 does not require authentication for an unspecified interface, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (process exit) via unknown vectors.

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To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2012-5758"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2012-11-23T12:09:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The IBM WebSphere DataPower XC10 Appliance 2.0.0.0 through 2.0.0.3 and 2.1.0.0 through 2.1.0.2 does not require authentication for an unspecified interface, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (process exit) via unknown vectors.",
  "id": "GHSA-jmqc-c5jw-vvp4",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T01:38:57Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T01:38:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-5758"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/80063"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51319"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg1IC86908"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21615783"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg24033740"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/56617"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1027798"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.

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