Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

6040 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-MMVF-77M3-FP4G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 06:22 – Updated: 2022-05-02 06:22
VLAI
Details

NetAuthSysAgent in Network Authorization in Apple Mac OS X 10.5.8 does not have the expected authorization requirements, which allows local users to gain privileges via unspecified vectors.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2010-1375"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2010-06-17T16:30:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "NetAuthSysAgent in Network Authorization in Apple Mac OS X 10.5.8 does not have the expected authorization requirements, which allows local users to gain privileges via unspecified vectors.",
  "id": "GHSA-mmvf-77m3-fp4g",
  "modified": "2022-05-02T06:22:02Z",
  "published": "2022-05-02T06:22:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-1375"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2010//Jun/msg00001.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/40220"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1024103"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4188"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/40871"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2010/1481"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-MMW8-H8GG-XW23

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-19 18:31 – Updated: 2025-11-19 18:31
VLAI
Details

The Itel DAB Encoder (IDEnc build 25aec8d) is vulnerable to Authentication Bypass due to improper JWT validation across devices. Attackers can reuse a valid JWT token obtained from one device to authenticate and gain administrative access to any other device running the same firmware, even if the passwords and networks are different. This allows full compromise of affected devices.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-63224"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-19T16:15:48Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The Itel DAB Encoder (IDEnc build 25aec8d) is vulnerable to Authentication Bypass due to improper JWT validation across devices. Attackers can reuse a valid JWT token obtained from one device to authenticate and gain administrative access to any other device running the same firmware, even if the passwords and networks are different. This allows full compromise of affected devices.",
  "id": "GHSA-mmw8-h8gg-xw23",
  "modified": "2025-11-19T18:31:19Z",
  "published": "2025-11-19T18:31:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-63224"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shiky8/my--cve-vulnerability-research/tree/main/CVE-2025-63224_Itel%20DAB%20Encoder%20Authentication%20Bypass"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.itel.it"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MP4C-V3VM-QR7W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-06 18:31 – Updated: 2024-09-06 18:31
VLAI
Details

An improper authentication vulnerability has been reported to affect Music Station. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow users to compromise the security of the system via a network.

We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: Music Station 5.4.0 and later

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-45038"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-06T17:15:12Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An improper authentication vulnerability has been reported to affect Music Station. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow users to compromise the security of the system via a network.\n\nWe have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version:\nMusic Station 5.4.0 and later",
  "id": "GHSA-mp4c-v3vm-qr7w",
  "modified": "2024-09-06T18:31:34Z",
  "published": "2024-09-06T18:31:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45038"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-24-25"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MP4F-PWV2-XXC8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-06 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-11 00:00
VLAI
Details

Broken Authentication vulnerability in JumpDEMAND Inc. ActiveDEMAND plugin <= 0.2.27 at WordPress allows unauthenticated post update/create/delete.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-36296"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-05T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Broken Authentication vulnerability in JumpDEMAND Inc. ActiveDEMAND plugin \u003c= 0.2.27 at WordPress allows unauthenticated post update/create/delete.",
  "id": "GHSA-mp4f-pwv2-xxc8",
  "modified": "2022-08-11T00:00:33Z",
  "published": "2022-08-06T00:00:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36296"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/activedemand/wordpress-activedemand-plugin-0-2-27-broken-authentication-vulnerability"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/activedemand/wordpress-activedemand-plugin-0-2-27-broken-authentication-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/activedemand/#developers"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MP6X-97XJ-9X62

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-27 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-01 23:57
VLAI
Summary
Mattermost fails to to verify the token used during code exchange
Details

Mattermost versions 11.0.x <= 11.0.2, 10.12.x <= 10.12.1, 10.11.x <= 10.11.4, 10.5.x <= 10.5.12 fail to to verify that the token used during the code exchange originates from the same authentication flow, which allows an authenticated user to perform account takeover via a specially crafted email address used when switching authentication methods and sending a request to the /users/login/sso/code-exchange endpoint. The vulnerability requires ExperimentalEnableAuthenticationTransfer to be enabled (default: enabled) and RequireEmailVerification to be disabled (default: disabled).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.0-20251022210333-acda1fb5dd46"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "11.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "11.0.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.12.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.12.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.11.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.11.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.5.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.5.13"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-12421"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-303"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-01T23:57:10Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-27T18:15:46Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Mattermost versions 11.0.x \u003c= 11.0.2, 10.12.x \u003c= 10.12.1, 10.11.x \u003c= 10.11.4, 10.5.x \u003c= 10.5.12 fail to to verify that the token used during the code exchange originates from the same authentication flow, which allows an authenticated user to perform account takeover via a specially crafted email address used when switching authentication methods and sending a request to the /users/login/sso/code-exchange endpoint. The vulnerability requires ExperimentalEnableAuthenticationTransfer to be enabled (default: enabled) and RequireEmailVerification to be disabled (default: disabled).",
  "id": "GHSA-mp6x-97xj-9x62",
  "modified": "2025-12-01T23:57:10Z",
  "published": "2025-11-27T18:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12421"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/5072bbf689a46b3b97b2373f26149f5891396e6b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/acda1fb5dd46a2f46c76ae67012423c760525eaa"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/f361e7d75a7ab9df5a2106e1ceb919b94b55e41d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/feb598ed2b7ac3cb78a253b032ad7e4628b0de00"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Mattermost fails to to verify the token used during code exchange"
}

GHSA-MPJX-8PHJ-5M34

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:13 – Updated: 2024-01-11 23:03
VLAI
Summary
Moodle Allows Unauthenticated Dropbox Access
Details

The Dropbox Repository File Picker in Moodle 2.1.x before 2.1.9, 2.2.x before 2.2.6, and 2.3.x before 2.3.3 allows remote authenticated users to access the Dropbox of a different user by leveraging an unattended workstation after a logout.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.3.2"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "moodle/moodle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.3"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.2.5"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "moodle/moodle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.2"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.2.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.1.8"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "moodle/moodle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2012-5471"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-11T23:03:09Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2012-11-21T12:55:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Dropbox Repository File Picker in Moodle 2.1.x before 2.1.9, 2.2.x before 2.2.6, and 2.3.x before 2.3.3 allows remote authenticated users to access the Dropbox of a different user by leveraging an unattended workstation after a logout.",
  "id": "GHSA-mpjx-8phj-5m34",
  "modified": "2024-01-11T23:03:09Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:13:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-5471"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/8eb614d4bb4a80ed51520bca528530914082136f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/a3433213a1a2346c145e004ab1dc08b58279f910"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/c62a20c42b96f0195c4de075e5c58a4e7d381428"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/cd029574b699c74e55fa287f0b4db45d2dcf9fde"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=216155"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20121202030020/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/56505"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://git.moodle.org/gw?p=moodle.git\u0026a=search\u0026h=HEAD\u0026st=commit\u0026s=MDL-29872"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/11/19/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [],
  "summary": "Moodle Allows Unauthenticated Dropbox Access"
}

GHSA-MPMV-MG9C-5WVQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:37 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:37
VLAI
Details

Xigla Software Absolute News Feed 1.0 and possibly 1.5 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain administrative access by setting a certain cookie.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-6855"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2009-07-14T14:30:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Xigla Software Absolute News Feed 1.0 and possibly 1.5 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain administrative access by setting a certain cookie.",
  "id": "GHSA-mpmv-mg9c-5wvq",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T00:37:41Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T00:37:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-6855"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/46302"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/6901"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/32472"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/32027"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-MPQ3-WVJ2-7H5R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-24 15:31 – Updated: 2024-06-24 15:31
VLAI
Details

Improper Authentication vulnerability in Play.Ht allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Play.Ht: from n/a through 3.6.4.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-37233"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-24T13:15:11Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper Authentication vulnerability in Play.Ht allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Play.Ht: from n/a through 3.6.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-mpq3-wvj2-7h5r",
  "modified": "2024-06-24T15:31:44Z",
  "published": "2024-06-24T15:31:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37233"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/play-ht/wordpress-play-ht-plugin-3-6-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MPQ5-6QPQ-P78X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-31 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-06 00:01
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Joomla! 2.5.0 through 3.10.6 & 4.0.0 through 4.1.0. A user row was not bound to a specific authentication mechanism which could under very special circumstances allow an account takeover.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-23795"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-03-30T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Joomla! 2.5.0 through 3.10.6 \u0026 4.0.0 through 4.1.0. A user row was not bound to a specific authentication mechanism which could under very special circumstances allow an account takeover.",
  "id": "GHSA-mpq5-6qpq-p78x",
  "modified": "2022-04-06T00:01:49Z",
  "published": "2022-03-31T00:00:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23795"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://developer.joomla.org/security-centre/872-20220303-core-user-row-are-not-bound-to-a-authentication-mechanism.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MPWV-79RV-2H5M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:09 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:09
VLAI
Details

Martem TELEM GW6 and GWM devices with firmware 2018.04.18-linux_4-01-601cb47 and prior do not perform authentication of IEC-104 control commands, which may allow a rogue node a remote control of the industrial process.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-10603"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-07-31T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Martem TELEM GW6 and GWM devices with firmware 2018.04.18-linux_4-01-601cb47 and prior do not perform authentication of IEC-104 control commands, which may allow a rogue node a remote control of the industrial process.",
  "id": "GHSA-mpwv-79rv-2h5m",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:09:10Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:09:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-10603"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-18-142-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104286"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.